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Engsneers who first produced moâ€" dern mine mpc probably got their inspirationâ€"frefn® the spider, Elasâ€" ard great streragth aro the main qualities of a spider‘s thread or a moâ€" dlern mine rope which enables‘a ten tâ€"n cage or #kin in some Ontario mines to service a unit of our proâ€" vince‘s great mining industry. The rope, as hoistman refer to the coiled cable on the huge hoisting dnums, is the lifeline of al Ontario underground mining operations. â€" Its duties are as complex and varied as its construction, It is the purpose of this article to tell in part the,.story of mine ropes, their particularities and the means used by rope manufacturers, the minâ€" ing industry and the Ontario Departâ€" ment of Mines to constantly improve methods of production, use and care of such ropes and hosting equipment for the greater safety and efficiency of our mining operations. What child has not, in bewildered wonderment, followed the slow desâ€"| cent of a spider on its self manufacâ€" tured â€" filament. Two questions alâ€" ways came to mind: how does the spider produce <this fine threadâ€"like substance, and how can such a flimsy, hardâ€"toâ€"sec little hair support the weight of the gpider‘s comparatlvely heavy budy Few people in Ontario are aware of the tremendous amount of, work "tInâ€" volved in the inspection and testing of mine hoisting equipment by the Mines Inspection Branch of the Ontâ€" ario Department of Mines. Technical personnel made up of mechanical enâ€" gincers and assistants at the Governâ€" ment Rope Testing Laboratory at Deâ€" partmental headquarters, Queen‘s Park, in Toronto, have established an enviable reputation in a highly speâ€" cialized field. Ontario can boast posâ€" session of one of the best equippéd mine rope testing laboratories in the world. Don‘t Go Down In The Mine Daddy â€" â€" Unless The ‘Rope‘ Is Government Tested L200 Li tm io zen A few statistics reveal the scope of operations. There are presently 209 hoists and 357 ropes in service in Ontâ€" ario mines. ‘The combined length of these ropes totals 768,687 feet on 146 miles. Theirâ€" diameter varies‘ fFroin five eights of an inch to one inch sevâ€" en eights, the average being about one and oncâ€"eight inches. "O'OO 'O"O"O‘“““d Ever stnce 1922 the> Rope, Testing Laboratory Of the Ontario Depirt: ment of Mines has performed more Decide o8 a sum you can afford, make your It may s@#ond lika unusual advice from a bank. But it‘s based on our experience with thousamn of, depositors, and we think you‘ll agree it‘s sensible. The simple secret of saving is regularity . . . deposit money régularly, and leave it there until you have the amount you want for some specific purpose, If, on the other hand, you try toâ€"save more than you can afford it becomes not only a burden, but an You find you have io miss ane or two deposits, you. find Â¥vourself drawmg out your savings for some current need. W. Llong, Monager, Timmins, Ont., Pamour, Ont. Don‘tr try to. .save too much than 13,000 rope tests invo:ving deâ€" struction of a rope scmp=c on nuge machines.. The most recent machine purchased by the Department can exâ€" ert a pull of one million pounds, which is more than ample for all practical purposes. Delicate balances can recâ€" ord a pull of twentyâ€"five pounds and a recording graph gives the story of the tensile strength of the sample. s§ tands 6t wu’ef lay- wf a jubricant which exu es as he strands squeeze it in normal operation. This insures comâ€" plete lubrication of the inner strands ai wires,. _ Whenever . a ~rope . sample is ‘torwarded "to the Department for testing purposes a piece of this core Less than sixty years ago the minâ€" ing ropes used in underground operaâ€" tions were either made of manilla or were flat, braided, beltâ€"like ropes. As high speed hoist and skip pracâ€" tices were introduced by modern mining and depth of mining operaâ€" tions increased, stronger and more elastic ropes were called for, and so rope manufacturers developed the ecableâ€"like metal rope with the manâ€" l a core which is in general use today. Most rgpes used in Ontario mines are composed of many strands of wire of high carbon steel. The core around Published in Timmins. Ont., Canads EVERY THURSDAY deposits regularly, and enjoy savingl Corrosion and fatigue, or embritâ€" tlement., are the worst enemies of mining ropes. Corrosion does not necesse #Uz appear|l on the surface layers of a rope. It may come from foul air in a mine or from water in a "wet" shaft. The Paymasterâ€" acâ€" cident of February 1945, was attribâ€" uted to a corroded mine rope and corrosion was not evident through normal inspection. is examined and a chemical test deâ€" termines the amount of lubricant left. As time goes on less and less lubricant appears in these tests and finally when it is thought that the core is too dry or does not contain sufficient oil, the rope is condemned. A rope may be condemned for other reasons. â€"It is a fact that when a rope shows a deficiency in one test other tests, such as visual examination, exâ€" CcCrresi0; rope, an Such te months Resea: lubricat ed by they, al Founda Branch as well tension and torsion tests will reveal ; are coll the weakness. crease The new legislation introduced at the last Session of the Ontario Legâ€" islature calls for a complete test of a sample from any rope purchased by an Ontario mine prior to the instalâ€" lation of the said rope. The tests inâ€" clude destruction of the sample to inâ€" dicate the original tensile strength; sections of mine rope samples are tested for torsion by the machine in the foreground. At left, operator makes last minute check on rope diamneter before testing strength. TIMMINS, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, MAY 27th, 1948 corrcsion test of sll the wires in the rope, and a lubrication test of the core. Such tests will be repéeated every six months until the rope is condemned. Research into better cf lubricating mine ropes is being pressâ€" ed by the petroleum industry and they, along with the Ontario Research Foundation, and the _ Inspections Branch of the Department of Mines, as well as the rope manufacturers, are collaborating in an effort to inâ€" crease the qualities and safety facâ€" tors of mining ropes. Oneée of the greatest contributions of Ontario mining men to the safety of hoisting operations is the new ‘dogs‘ which act as brakes on mining cages. In the case of the Paymaster acciâ€" dent, once the cable broke the dogs fail2d to ston the plunging cage. They were so built as to grip the shaft guides the very instant the rope broke. Unforunately, . notwithstanding _ the fact they did grip, the wood torn from the guides filled the teeth of the safety catches and rendered them useless. The new â€" safety â€" catches, evolved through research, consist of one or more teeth and a sharp cutting edge which immediately sheds the wood torn from the guides by the enâ€" gaging teeth. More than sixty percent of Ontario mines are now using this type of safâ€" ety catch and it is expected that soon all our mining cages will be so equipâ€" ped. New regulations call for at least three tests following the instalâ€" lation of these dogs and they are the most severe tests called for by any minire â€" regulations in the world. Maximum speed and load conditions are called for and must be carried out in the presence of one of the mechâ€" anical engineers on the staff of the Mincs Inspection Branch,. Already 200 freceâ€"fall tests are being carried out in 1947, and this year 108 such tests have been made to the satisfaction of the Mines: Inspection Branch. | ~â€" (Torcnto Saturday N‘zht), | _ of the reasons why the proâ€" | vinces cof Canada do not get better |\ government, and why the electors are often sn little interested in their getâ€" \ting better government is that their elections are so seldom fought on really provinctal issues. . . even the Toronto Telegram cannot quite conceal its amusement at the idea that .the present Ontario election has anything to do with its allegzed cause â€" the proâ€" | Ject to switch the Central Ontario area trom 2â€"cycle to 60â€"cycle. s < In an effort to offset hoisting acciâ€"<. dents specialists have suggestetU . larger hoisting drums and sheaves be used. _ This they sav,\wiil reduce rope damage to a minimum. Only three layers of cable may now be permitted on any hoisting drum. Complete retords of all tests carâ€" ried out by the laboratory are comâ€" piled and published by the Departâ€" ment of Mines. These are. widely distributed and are proving of inestâ€" imable value to the manufacturers of mine hoisting equipment. Work being done by the Mechanâ€" ical Engineerirg nersonnelâ€"of the Ontâ€" ario Department of Mines has attractâ€" ecd â€" universal â€" attention. Inquiries from all parts of the world have been received for information on the meâ€" thods and techniques employed heére. It is believed that although accidents will occur their rate will decline to a very low figure as a result of exhausâ€" tive research and tests being carried very low figure as a result Of CXNdlUsâ€" tive research and tests being carried out by the Rope Testing and Mechâ€" anical â€" Engineering sections of the Mines Inspection Branch. The: electors of Ontario will «cast their votes on June 7 w.ith a view to their effect m»xon the Dominion byâ€"elecâ€" tions of the folowing day and the exâ€" pected Dominion general elections later in the yvear. â€"The election date was chosen for that purpose. Professor Warns Alumni Russians Are Past Masters At Psychological â€" Aggression Miss Norma Routliffe, English and History teacher at T.H. V.S. introâ€" duced Dr. Riddell after Mr. A. Gillies president of the Alumnae Association, announsed that Dr. J. B. MceClinton would ramble through the minutes o the fall meeting. Dr. Riddell, who is now a profess at the University of Toronto, began by saying that he was interested in the Porcupine Camp from way back. He said he had married the daughâ€" ter of Murray Clark who wrote minâ€" ing law books in Ontario and investâ€" ed all his money in mining stocks. The University of Toronto Alumni which meets twice a year for dinner| and a speaker were lucky to have as their speaker for the spring meeting,. Dr. Walter Riddell. Despite a heavy| rainfall more than 109 members andi guests were present to hear this em | inent speaker. ‘The weather dian‘t | seem to dampen Dr. Riddell‘s spirits| and he gave an address which lasted more than two hours and was lisâ€" tened to with interest. | Turning ‘to the international field Dr. Riddell said that it had been. his privilege to represent Canada at th League of Nations in Geneva an: abroad. Having travelled widely broad he said that he had seen many things which had influenced his thinkâ€" ing on world affairs. 1 "We have all gone through two wars and we know what aggrossion‘is," he said. "You‘ve heard: about,the atom bomb, asphlmatmg, gas and bactefi‘ ialogical warfare Aggreslqn in» vading the, area/of‘ inf]uené.b of: anâ€" other countxy an‘d is .as ‘old 48 hfitoi‘y' "‘The League of Nations creat,ed A different problem. The nations had to pacify public opinion and they beâ€" came very adept at it. This warfare was called Psychological Aggression. The Sinoâ€"Japanese war showed the great skill of the Japs in getting aâ€" round the. League Covenant. Any threat of war became the interest of the League but pooh poohed any idea that the Japanese were using incidâ€" ents to cover up the fact that they were taking over the counry from the Chinese. The Japs moved into Manâ€" churia while the League delegates kept saying that it wasâ€"just anoth incident." Even though Dr. Riddell was quite sure what the Japs were up to. the senior delegate for Canada would not be convinced that the Japâ€" Ottawa boasts its best tulip display in years and with her tiny waltering can it would ie cher a long time to water the 400,000 Dutich blooms that enrich the natural beauty of the drive: park ways ‘ the Canadian caflhl every spring. Manyof them are a gift from Juliana of the Nethe: Planning and planting of vqtpolored designs are carried out by the Federal District Commission, lelegates, "Russia now controls all the countâ€" anoth ry which they had demanded from Riddell | Germany. This was worked by psyâ€" ps were| chological aggression at. which the ~Canada Russians are masters, the others the Japâ€"| were merely beginners." Published in Timmins. Ont.. Canads EVERY THURSPAY Said Dr. Riddell anese were secriously carrying on a war. "The techniques of psychological aggression can become very involved." "The technique takes many forms. One of them is to tell th epeople that they are a great civilizing force and another is to tell them that they are a master race." "In Mussolini‘s mission to civilize Africa the Walla, Walin incident started the ball rolling. But the League had learned a few things from the Japanese incidents and this time it seemed as if something might be done. But they said they couldn‘t see any blame on either side." "Mussolini made up other incidents, Italy was declared an aggressor and pressure was brought to bear. Musâ€" soline then used the fear technique and warned them that many things would happen if they did anythin: A treaty was made with Mussolini but he had had it changed to read tha aggression in Europe was the onl reason for League sanctions, leavir him free to carry on his war against Â¥he Ethiopians. \â€""I was . much annoyed about the: sanctions," Dr. Riddell declared, "they lacked the very things that would stop him. . I got up in the League and said . .that . oil . sanctions would stop him. Then the" was m the. fire. a fund set up to buy up "the 'fi'é’légates and was able to in Quexlée them all but Anthony Eden Edén laterâ€" had to resign -§ “i wfis ‘éalled â€" the iool of: Ant,honv Edgn ande could d_o nothmg ‘ Said Dr.; Rlddell ‘bitterly. last chance of stoppmg Germany was â€"then gone Thése aggressors are a serious, lot an -lhey won‘t start until they think that .t,hb‘y {can win and once started . they are very hard to stop. The> psyeholo- gical technique gives the > aggréssor time to do otheér necessary t‘hmgs beâ€" hind the smoke: screen. "Hitler made all sorts of promise: to Chamberlain. His idea was to tal one thing at a time and Chamberlain paper was all a part of the technique These techniques are thought out well inâ€" advance. What caused the breach between Russia and Hitler were the demands made upon Hitler by Russia. Hitler decided that rather than give in to the Russian demands he would go to wWwar Dr. Riddell mentioned Himmler‘s speech before his death when he said: "Next time we‘ll plow our furrows deeper." The Russians, he said, are plowing much deeper. "This is a much cheaper way than using armies. I am not as afraid 0‘ atom bombs as I am of this kind of warfare," Dr. Riddell said.. "It is for the control of men‘s minds and we must wake up to the situation. We are beginning to get a defensive alâ€" liance of the Western countries, These Russians are masters of the game and are nothing to pooh pooh ~â€"â€" we must face it â€" it is the most real thing we have to face today."‘ "I look upon Moscow and the Sovâ€" iets as the greatest competitors weo have today. No country in the world believes more in its destiny to rule the world.. They are internaâ€" tional and they believe they have a plan for the world and one that will be only good when they have the world to work in. "In business we try to put out a better product but it is hard to conâ€" vince many people that our way of life is a better thing." Dr. Riddell then suggested that what we needed was a better informâ€" ation service to tell the people what is being done. ‘"I found low wages and manyv cljildren starving. We are not perfect but we should get the Russian attiâ€" tude that it is our manifest destiny and to tell the world that they wili get more out of our way of life than Oout of the Communist system. Single Copyâ€"Five Cents "The United Nations is ia _ great sounding board for those interested in psychological warfare," he said. "If we don‘t back it up now we are bound to fail. The veto is there: for a reason â€" we couldn‘t have a league i‘ it weren‘t unanimous with all the nations. "If we have psychological aggresâ€" sion for the good things of life â€" Christignity for example â€" we will need more than just the machinery. Probably why the United. Nations (Continued on Page Three) it would take Diane Bouws of the driveways and of the Netherlands,