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This Board w@Appointed a Canadian subsidiary, of which Sir Joseph Plaâ€" velle was the head. «As it was not a Canadian government organization it was not respons‘ble to the Canadian parliament but took a free hand. Quesâ€" tions and Aanswers in Hansard in 1919 and 1920 sessions clearly ind‘cate the independent . Status of the Board. \Con.sequentty no report was ever pubâ€" lished in Gmada of the activities of the organization To the Hon. Wesley Rowell we are indebted for a resume of the work of the Board and, indirectly, of the performance of Canadian muniâ€" tion makers in the war pericd. In the 1919 session Mr. Rowell made a stateâ€" ment, in which were included \the {f0l=â€" lowing remarkable details: spent $1,100,000,000 The Imperial Munitions Board spent in Canada something over $1,100,000,â€" 000. The principal materials entering into the production of shells were: steel, copper, lead and zinc, of which the following amounts for shells alone were used: Steel, gross tons ... Copper, net tons ... Lead, net:tons ... d 000 Z2IinC, _net flns 29,000 Of these quantities approximately 1,720,500 tons of steel, 7000 tons of copper, 70290 tons of lead and 22,000 tons of zinc were produced in Canada. Prior to the war the steel capacity of tons of inzots annually. By the enâ€" largement of=>existing plants and the creation of new ones the capacities were increased ‘"until at the armistice, production of steel was at the rate of 2,200,0C0 tons annually. The astonishing contribution _ of Canadian munition makers to the Alâ€" lied war cause is revealed in the folâ€" lowing figures of manufacturers and exports given ‘by Mr. Rowell: Shells and parts Shells . derrancava‘.. 00/943,04"1 Fuses ..:.:....... § ©09,000,108 FPuse parts 106,174,013 Cartridge cases ................. 486,627,013 Percussion primers .............. 35,386,488 Exploder containers ... 13,285,000 Shell ‘adapters and forgmgs 6,412,115 Metal and compounds lbs. Steel bars ... 43,071,023 Zing ... ........_ 00,4#12,413 Nickel .. i Other ... _ 27,000,000 Lumber for acxoplaneb feet Spruce c 11 x: en 6,801,577 Douglas fir ... Pine .. i SAAA + 10,361,506 Spruce msccss 0,940,070 Details of the shell contribution of Canada in the years 1914â€"18 were given in February, 1919, by H. H. VaÂ¥{:zhan, president of the Canadian Engineering Institute. The following tabulation is remarkable for several reasons. The number of large calibre shells supplied is striking, particularly as the general impression had been that nearly all shells produced had been 18â€"pounders, which is theâ€" fieldâ€"gun size. The proâ€" duction of 485 to 9.3 calibres totalled more than 26,000,000. It may be reâ€" marked that the 9.2 calibre is the largest used in field operations, being only exceeded in slzc by those used op naval vessels. 15â€"pounder 18â€"pounder 18â€"pounder 4.5â€"inch 60â€" 6â€"inch ~â€". 8â€"inch . 9.2â€"inch Explosives and chemicals . .. lc e en es e Cordite . Other .. Metal and compounds Steel bars Zine Nickel Other Lumber for maeroplanes Spruce c T Douglas fir .. Total s 66,350,828 The importance of the munitions inâ€" dustry to Canada during the last war was further accented by Mr. Rowell who stated that the number of persons engsired in war contracts ranged from 200,000 to and that, in addition, there were about 50,000 persons workâ€" ing in the handling and transportation of stores, He computed that there were about 1,000 contractors in munitions alone during the period. In the latter part of 1917 the Imperâ€" ial Munitions Board, driven by Lloyd George, had stepped up production in Great Britain enormously. There was, as a result ol this home activity, a fallâ€" Ing off in demand for Canadian proâ€" duction of shells The Canadian govâ€" ernment, taking cognizance of this situation and realizing that the counâ€" try was geared up to a hi:thly efficient performance in â€" munitians output, sought another Qqutlet. It accordingly appointed .A.War Trade Board which surveyed the situation and, as a result, sent a representative to Washington. (From the annual number of The Northern Miner) The Arsenal of the Allies The amazing performance of Canaâ€" dian manufacturers of munitions in the 1914â€"18 war is little known at the present day. It will be recalled that British industry in the earlier stages of the conflict A;mally failed to proâ€" duce an adequate supply of shells and other war materialâ€"because it was not called uponâ€"and that this failure beâ€" came a public scandal. In 1916, Lloyd George, who had been a political outâ€" law, although a member of the British Parliament,, and had been one of the govemment s most virulent critics, was suddenly called upon by Asquith to take over Lfie newlyâ€"created Ministry of Munitior “l‘he dynamic Welshman immediately" t into action and one of his first moves was to form the Imâ€" Perial Munitic ‘"Board. Canada Did Notable Work in Supplying Munitions for War Still More May ‘be Done by Canada in the Present W ar. THURSDAY, NOVEMBEKR 168TH, 1939 Canadian Shipments shrapnel H+ E. lbs. 41,754,954 28,5342,157 41,000,000 ... 302,68B6 34,078,301 35,682,834 12,607,091 1,104,286 11,037,178 7539023 . 784 5239 Premier Sain Antonio Sherritt Gordon Bullivan Con. Sylvanite .. Siscoe . Teck Hughes Waite Amulet Wright Hargreaves The following tabulation shows base metal output at the bezinning and end of the last war and in 1938: Production (lDs.) 1914 1918 1938 Copper 75,753,960 118,769,434 571,249,664 Nickel 45,517,937 92,507,293 210,572,738 Lead .. 36,337,765 51,398,002 418,927,660 Zinc .. 7,246,063 35,083,175 381,506,588 Thus Canada enters the war with a productive capacity in copper increased by seven times, nickel by four and a half, lead by eleven times and zinc by fiftyâ€"four times what it was in 1914. Steel capacity has been trebled. Production of metals can be still further increased under the pressure of necessity. While the large producers are not exactly running under wraps they can speed up and, in addition, there are a number of idle base metal mines equipped for production. In anâ€" other article in this issue details are given of Empire sources of supply on a scale which could look after Great Britain‘s requirements in these essenâ€" tial base metals. To what extent Canadian potential munition production will be called upon in the existing situation is unguessable. Great Britain is in a far different posiâ€" tion toâ€"day than it was in 1914; it has for years been preparing for the evenâ€" tuality of war and in particular in the past twelve months has speeded up production and organized for greater autput. However, there remains the possibility that aerial warfare might disrupt supplies seriously and that Canada might be called upon to furâ€" nish deficiencies. British government statements have hinted broadly at such an eventuality. That this country could be machined and ;reared for a vast production of munitions is a foregone conclusion. Canadian. source of supply, which was a favorable reflection on the quality of the product, and there was a certain period in the summer of 1918 when more shells of an important class were produced in Canadian plants for the US. Ordnance Department than were being turned out in U.S. plants, acâ€" cording to Mr. Rowell‘s statement. Better Position Now If the need arises and it probably will if the war drags on for any length of timeâ€"Canada is in a much better posiâ€" tion today than it was in 1915 to manâ€" ufacture munitions. Not only has it the background of the experience of 1915â€"18 to draw upon but it also has a greater plant capacity, a larger steel capacity, a greatly enhanced metallic production. It may surprise many of our Ameriâ€" can friends to learn that Canada was able to supply the US. army with a vast quantity of munitions. Sales by the Canadian War Board in Washingâ€" ton totalled $231,045,544, mainly in shells. The United States, which until April, 1917, was neutral, had been supplying the Allies with vast quantiâ€" ties of materials but it had neglected its own armament. Consequently, when it declared war it found itself without adequate supplies of guns, shells and aeroplanes. Actually in its warlike acâ€" tivities in France it used French guns, a lot of ‘British, French and Canadian shells and British aeroplanes. It has been said that no American field guns ever got into action and that no Amâ€" ercian aeroplane or aerial engine was ever used. The Por:upine branch of the Canaâ€" dian of Mining and Metalâ€" lurgy will hold its November meeting in the McIntyre Community Hall toâ€" night at 8.30 p.m. : "Gadgets‘" will occupy the centre of attention. Displayed in the hall will be various ingenious worked out by mining men to facilitate their work and fill special and particular needs. In any event the American governâ€" ment was glad to avail itself of the Sudbury Starâ€"FEieven hats are preâ€" sgribed for the complete manâ€"aboutâ€" town. It makes it awkward for the collegian who must go without 11 hats. Bidgood Broulan Ponupme Buffalo Ankerite . Canadian Malartic . Central Patricia Coniagas Coniaurum Dome ... Hollinger International Nickel Kerr Addison Kirkland Lake Leitch Lake Shore Lititle Long Lac McLeod Cockshutt Macassa McKenzie Rd Lake Mining Corporation Moneta Naybob Noranda Nipissing OÂ¥ Brien Pamnour Paymaster Pickle Crow Pioneer Preston East Dome Mining Men to See Many "Gadgets" Usefu! in Work Aldermac Avnor p Base Metals Beattic _ Toâ€"day‘s Stocks | 14‘% 76.50 1 49 4 40 56 25 4.10 6.10 8.30 4.30 2.20 2.05 1.45 3.20 1.82 1.30 1.16 "You and all the others are worâ€" shippers of the golden calf," writes a housewife from Port Creidt. "Where is its intrinsis value? I could go into the ; heart of Africa with a mirror and a few beads and get more for them than with gold." The housewife thinks the valuing of old for money is antiâ€"religious beâ€" cause of Moses‘ rage at the children of Isreal making unto themselves an image of gold. But I have letters from j other Christians declaring that the ; Bible sets forth that only gold and silver shall be used for money and they give chapters and verses, too. Certainly idolâ€"worshipping, or the misuse of gold, was the crime and not its use.. Through the whole Bible gold is used as the best earthly simile for value. Prophet after prophet declares that wisdom, understandir\~, kindness, and the law are more valuable than gold: they use what they consider the acme of earthly t value to accent their view that charâ€", Answer is attempted to these quesâ€" tions by Mr. Wellinzton Jeffers, finanâ€" clal editor of The Globe and Mail. Mr. Jeffers is particularlw well equinped to deal with such questicns because of his background of knowledze of financial matters and of the world of business of toâ€"day. Here are his thoughts on the two questions:â€" Another new thing is the volume of the movement of gold. Another seemâ€" ingly new thing since the depression is the widespread effort of most Governâ€" ments to get all the gold into their own hands and out of the hands of citizens. The most extraordinary thing is that the United States has bowt ht 80 per cent of the world‘s production at $35 an ounce as well as the refugee bilâ€" lions without any inflation. In a time of real peace, if such is achieved as a result of this war, much of that refugee money would flow away to take advantage of opportunâ€" ities abroad. Religious Views on Gold Pro and Con "But surely there is some conceivable end to this value of gold, if it all gets piled up in one place," writes‘ one Toronto man. "Is there not a truth wrapped up in Voltaire‘s description of Eldorado where the pebbles were gold and therefore as valueless as pebbles?" (Answer: Huge as it seems, it is small in relation to human need for the monetary utility provided by gold. It is still a rare metal.) The subject is 5y no means new: Oceans of literature have been written about it and tons of valuable material are still available for the digver. What seems new is the condition of "nerves" created by the huge amounts of reâ€" fugee gold. moved to the United States during the depression as a result of fright about international conditions. This gold is the modern equivalent to the gold anklets and wristlets and bangles with which primitive man loaded his women folks so that in case of enemy attack they could fade away into the jungle, leaving their small houses and furniture and crops behind them to the destroyers, but takir‘r in these ornaments transportable wealth with which to build up their fortunes anew. Or they buried the gold in their primordial Fort Knoxes by dead of night to be searched for and used again when danger and death had passed by. France and England during most of this time provided a free market for gold. This ‘"hot money" crossing the Atlantic did not mean the pound sterâ€" ling or the france were losing their gold defenses. It had never ‘belonged to them and its flight across the Atlantic relieved them of the embarrassment of its presence. The Value of Gold Though 100 adults out of 100 would take gold unquestioningly in payment of a debt or in return for kervices or goods if they could be surse the gold was refined gold and of the weight claimed for it, one man out of the 100 would wonder why he did so, and evon think; perhaps, that the whale world is under the spell of some mystical and possibly erroneous concept as to its value. In octher words, he will say that gold has value just because people have been taught that it has value, and that some event as the United States stopâ€" ping further buying, or reducinrg its price might unteach them and end the whole mirage. One extremely intelliegnt financial man in Toronto, one who has great affairs under his management, told me that he considered the place of gold at the centre of the world‘s financial and monetary system as "tne great abâ€" surdity," but added, as an that *~ it were displaced the world would prc¢bably have to discover or inâ€" vent a commodity having all the qualâ€" ities which have made gold so valuable as money. ‘Of course, if it would have all gold‘s qualities it would be gold, and so we are back where we Some ‘New‘ Things About Gold This week‘s articles have been writâ€" ten in response to letters from various Canadians who feel that the time is ripe to discuss the place of gold and the current and past reasons why it has enduring value at greater length than has been done in previous short articles on the subject. Is the value given to gold mystical or is it intrinsic? Is Value Given to Gold Mystical or Is it Intrinsic Do present events endanger the hold that gold has gained over men‘s minds? These are questions that have been asked quite frequently by thoughtful people recently. They are questions that naturally have more than passing interest to this of the North where zold mining is a leading industry. Do Present Events Endanâ€" ger the Position that Gold Maintains in the World? THE PORCUPINE ADVANCE, TIMMINS, ONTARIO coâ€"operator until recsent times. Its qualities will no doubt ensure a return to general acceptance some day, th:ouzh not to occupy the field held by gold. United States Duplicates _ _ Alexander‘s Feat In 3,000 years history the amassing of the main part of the world‘s gold in the United States appears as likely to be a passing phenomenon. It has hapâ€" pened before and has been distributed again. The following paragraph from "Ancient monarchs seem to have set more store by the quantities of gold hoarded in their treasuries than by the extent and power of their Dominions. The kiriys of Persia acquired by conâ€" quest the treasuries of Asia and Egypt, and the victories of Alexander the Great made him master of almost the whole gold supply of the world of his time." rivais through 3,000 years, and Thougn it was one of the first known.metalsâ€" being found in nuggets in stream beds â€"there were many parts of the ecarth that knew it not. Oxen, hides, beaverâ€" skins, cowry shel‘s, wampum, wheat, tcbacco, silver, copper, nick*l, bronzs, cattle, pottery, and a whole ‘host of other things including mirrors and beads have been used. But when gold came its lustre, malleability, ‘bsauty, divisibility, transportability, its desiraâ€" bility for ornamentation, its freedom from rust and resistance to firs, in fact, its comparative indestructibility, and its much value in little space, caused it to cust all comers except silver, and that has remained a competitor and ‘"The History of Gold in ‘Relation to the Development of Civilization," by H. Mallinson Weir, soon to be pubâ€" lished, cites outstanding instances of such piling 2,000 years ago: Speaking on a national network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Monday night on "Why We Are at War," Dr Manion said: "Canada would indeed by quite vulnerable" should Great Britain and France be defeated by Germany and referred to statements he made regarding James Bay as a potential enemy airplane carrier base. "I have already pointed out, nearly a year ago in the House of Commons," he said, "what had already been deâ€" monstrated by Lieutenant Carter in the Canadian Defence Quarterly, that every important point in Canada beâ€" tween Quebec in the east and Winniâ€" peg on the west, is within bombing disâ€" tance of a plane carrier in James Bay. The kings of Persia and Alexander the Great had as their main motive in uilding up their huge war stores of gold just what France and England had in building up their large postâ€"war stores since 1918. They are being oi imâ€" mense value to them and they will corâ€" tainly rebuild them azain from the mines of Canada and the Empire and other countries when the war ends. Ottawa, Nov. 15â€"Conservative Leader Manion sees James Bay as a possible spot from which an enemy airplane tarrier in wartime might send planes to threaten every point in Canada beâ€" tween Quebec and Winnipeg. "And while that is true toâ€"da much more true may it be 10 from toâ€"day." Gold Wins Out From Many Competitors What these doubters forget is that gold is not a nswcomer unknown and untried as to qualitics. It had many rivals through 3,000 years, and though it was one of the first known.metalsâ€" being found in nuggets in stream beds James Bay as Plane Base Menace to Much of Canada he New Home Have You Visited 1. B. RKOUOY 25 FOURTH AVE. Opp. TOWN HALL In order to handle the everâ€"increasiing demand for PLUMBING, HEATâ€" ING and ELECTRICAL CONTRACT SERVICE, L. B. ROY has found it necessary to find new and more convenient quarters, these are now open for your inspectionâ€"you will be pleased to see the Norge Appliances now on displayâ€"internationally famous for their oustanding performance in the electrical appliance field. In our new store we will carry a complete stock of Electrical Appliances and Plumbing Fixtures, Norge Refrigerators, Radios, Coal and Wood Stoves, Ete. 25 Fourth Ave â€" Phone 175 More Equipmentâ€"Better Facilitieeâ€"TO SERVE YOU BETTER For the convenience of our customers we have opened a Central Store in addition to our office and shop at 11 Windsor Avenue. . dom Plumbing â€" Heating and Electrical Contractors Y more iinportan 10 Aow British Empire Yields Twoâ€"Thirds of the World‘s Gold cent of the world total for the period. South Africa produced 37 p°r cent of the world total, while Canada contributed 15 per cent. In the first nine months of 1933 countries of the British Empire turned out 15,414,000 ounctes, or 65 per cent of the world productisn for that period. British West Africa shows the biggest percentage increase this year as comâ€" pared with last year, with a gain of 12 per cent, followed by Canada with a gain of‘ 10 per cent. Suggestion of a Dominionâ€"wide Red no Sabotage Platform "Peace"" Leaflets Said to be part and parcel of the international plan, authorities here said toâ€"day. A huge rally Monday nigsht in New York, featuring attacks on capitalism and the Roman Catholic Church, was anâ€" other item,on the program. ‘pCcLia3d al[} IQOJ |[B}O0} p[IOM JU} JO 13d p9 10 ‘sesuno 0O00°L9Z°9T peonp â€"oud saiduiy USN}WUG ou} JO ‘to4 JO syucw autUuU ouy} U ‘sosunt UIILM §11 uo jySLt epeutp UjIM 000 Uiim ‘soutddmq ayy Sutpnfout paortun 4q pomojtoJ ‘sasuno G30‘TIG‘G Jjo tm pousd quouâ€"autu ay} BB3 aUu} U JEI 5t E9. V Uinos A parliamentary inquiry, as suggested by Conservative Leader Drew, of Onâ€" tario, similar to that of the Dies Comâ€" mitte at Washington, is not at all probable. The campaign and its nature are known, its leaders are known, and the centres from which it is directed. It is practically all over the countryâ€" in Montreal, Toronto, Winnipe}r, Vanâ€" couver and many other cities. In Otâ€" tawa locally little is doing, though there is a branch of the party here. Ottawa, Nov. 15. â€"Widespread Comâ€" munistic activities throughout Canada, the existence of which was evidenced in Saturday‘s raids, as before, wore only "small fry‘"â€"the distributors mainly. Whether the higherâ€"xps will be proâ€" ceeded against remains to ‘be seen. It is not, of course, the custom. to serve Canada in Third Place in the World as Gold Producer. The raids on Saturday, when much antiâ€"war, antiâ€"capitalist literature was seized, caused the arrest only of the World production of gold in Septemâ€" ber, excluding Mexico and Russia, amounted to 2,936,000 fine ounsces, comâ€" pared with 3,063,000 ounces in August. the American Bureau of Metal Staâ€" tistics reports. Of the three leading countries, South Africa, Canada and the United States, only the latter showed an increase over the previous month, cutput, including that from the Philippines, being 550,000 ounces, up CCC Gunces. bet cline Only Part of International Plan. Ved d and nine moni( Russia â€" for ) ounct the c 11 Windsor Ave. â€" Phone 946 T OIHNY the temâ€" 1 Nazi Fliers Apologize for Report on Ark Royal empty keyâ€"empty except for a mesâ€" sago, which read: ‘This is to tell you that we are sorry we gave wrong inforâ€" mation about the Ark Royal. We have roported our mistake to the authoritios. S3 blame Goebbels and not us., " New Levels Being Opened Up at the Bidgood Mines Bidgocd Kirkland Minces is reported to have cut the station at 1,850 fect, the first in the new series of levels to be opened to depth of 2,100 feet to exâ€" plore the main break. Water has been taken from the old No. 1 shaft to the 400 lovel. London. Nov, 16.â€"â€"A sharp turn by the British aircraft carrier, Ark Royal, led German aviators to believe they had sunk the vessel, according to the Marquess of Donaal‘s "Almost in Confidence" column in the Sunday Dispatch. Legislation passed last session greatly strengthened the law which would be invoked in such cases. There is reasmn to expect early developments. Make Appointments Now! One 8 x 10 Enlarged Photograph WITH EVERY ORDER OF PORTRAITS AMOUNTâ€" ING TO $5.00 OR OVER. Have your photograph taken early and avoid the rush season,. It takes time to finish good photographs. A. TOMKINSON 9 Balsam Street North ROYAL STUDIO To every customer making a purchase of 835,00 or over. These Lighters come in a variety of colours and would make ideal Christmas gifts. There is but a limited number of these lighters available so take advantage of this Free Offer now., FREE! FREE! Electric Cigar and Cigarette Lighters. 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Phone 417 is NEW 71 hmigher Phone 190 om Zurich, . â€" oneâ€"time has headed t," has fled se