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submitted in this report, they feel justiâ€" fied in recommending a further exâ€" penditure of $60,000 to mine and proâ€" cess sufficient lignite to test adequately the burning of lignite products in loâ€" comotives, and in industrial and doâ€" mestic furnaces. The results from these tests, in conjunc¢tion with the material embodied in this report, will permit a final conclusion as to the posâ€" sibilities of commercial development in the near future, and will in any case "Fleissner lignite is an excellent fuel econtaining 20 per cen‘. moisture and 9,000 B.t.u. per pound. It can be transâ€" ported â€" without excessive breakage losses, and when necessary it can be rtored without danger from spontaneâ€" ous combustisn This fuel could be delivered to the T. N. N. Railway at Onakawana for $3.30 per ton, and at this price could compete with imported American coal. Certain technical unâ€" certaintlies exist, however, with regard to iis use in locomotives. There are no serious technical problems associated with the use of Fleissner lignite in inâ€" dustry, but unless the price to the conâ€" sumer can be reduced by (1) an inâ€" crease in total production, (2) lower freight rates, or (3) economies in proâ€" duction costs, Fleissner lignite cannot compete in the industrial market. Greater success can be expected in ty domestic field if successful trials in standard equipment are conducted. "The Ontario Research Foundation | cannot recommend any immediate comâ€" mercial development of the lignite deâ€" pasit. On the basis of the evidence "Several processes have been tested on a plant scale with a view to Oobtainâ€" ing lignite products that could be transâ€" ported and used by railways, industrial consumers, and householders. ‘ Two of these processes, the Fleissner process and fueâ€"gas drying, have been investiâ€" gated to the point of estimating the cost of the products to consumers in various centres in Northern Ontario. Details of Research "Near Blacksmith Rapids on the Abiâ€" tibi river, 60 miles south of Moosonee, a large body of lignite exists. It lies at an average depth of 65 feet below the surface and is covered with boulder clay, cretaceous clay, and sand. The deposit occurs in two seams and covers an area of approximately six square miles. The lignite in its raw state contains 50 per cent. water, and in this condition is of no economic importance at the present time. "Good secondâ€"hand equipment can be purchased in Canada at the present time for stripâ€"mining operations at the deposit. No unusual mining problems of a technical character can be foreâ€" seen, and three independent authoriâ€" ties have agreed in substance as to the methods and cost of mining raw lignite. The mining costs contained in this reâ€" port are based on the recommendations of T. H. Hogg, and he estimates the cost of raw lignite to be 88 cents per ton on the basis of mining 300,000 tons per annum. werests WNhich sought to develop these lignite measures. The public announceâ€" ment that the province would itself undertake further work on this proâ€" vincially owned crown coal occurrence has aroused considerable interest, "Starting in 1926 the Ontario governâ€" ment investigated the Onkawana ds2â€" posits, ithe existence of which was known for several years. The area was reserved to the Crown, surveyed, diaâ€" mond drilled and tested underground by two shafts The work eventually resulted in a tentative estimate of 100 , â€" 000,000 tons of lignite. , ‘"*‘There followed a thorough testine | follows? of the material search Foundati nas aroused Cc "Starting in ment investig posits, ithe e known for sev reserved to t mond drilled by two shaft "In the current ye some discussion â€"cor lignite depassits on River, 60 miles sout the T. N. 0. Railw Cochrane to James was made in the Le to certain negotiatior terests which sought lignite measures. The ment that the prov undertake further w vincially owned crow has arcused consider Concert Management: 23 East 12%5th 8St., New York City ALSO AT The United Church of Canada, South Porcupine July 16th at 8 p.m. Adults 50c prospecls following ber of Th comed : â€" pend north sought regard that 0o the lig All | present Cochra tion a B1g Lignite Deposits in North May Have Value THURSDAY. JsULY July 17th, 8 p.m.â€"at the Moose Hall, Timmins ELLI HUKARIâ€"accompanist reliminary Test Tonnage but E. Several Factor ol xtensive Ontario Lignite Depusits e current year there has been scussion â€"concerning Ontario‘s depasits on the Onakawana ) miles south of Moosonee on _N. O. Railway extension from 2 to James Bay. Reference e in the Legislative Assembly 1 negotiations with private inâ€" C Noh are interested at i the lignite deposits north of and authoritative informaâ€" it these depssits is eageriy This is particularly true in the matter in view of the fact he successful development of * north of Cochrans may deâ€" fate of the rallway extension Cochrane and the immediate of the country served. The article from the annual numâ€" : Northern Miner will be welâ€" Testing of Large Area Yields Estimate of Big but Economic Significance is Not Determined. actors Make Forecasts Risky. Esteri Hukari Soprano Children under 16 years 25¢ Detroit Free Press:â€"It is rumored that Galt is to have a nudist colony this summer but many residents are shocked at the bare thought of such a thing. "On purely technical grounds it has been shown that there can be no asâ€" sured market for processeq lignite in Northern Ontario until successful comâ€" mercial trials have been run using repâ€" resentative material in the existing fuelâ€"burning equipment." Domestic Use "The facts regarding the domestic market are difficult to secure. In large buildings bituminous coal is burned, using industrial equipment. During reâ€" cent years there has undoubtedly been an increase in the use of wood in the homes with a corresponding reduction in the use Oof coal. There is still a moderate use of imported anthracite, and on a price basis Fleissner lignite could compete. The domestic furnace firepot has been designed to take Jense fuels such as anthracite, If the chnange is made to Fleissner lignite, a houseâ€" holder must find room in the furnace at night for an amount of lignite equal to two and oneâ€"half times the volume of anthracite normally used to keep the house warm until the morning. In spite of the knowledge of this conâ€" dition through experience in Western Canada, the manufacturers of domestic furnaces are not supplying specially deâ€" signed lignite furnaces. Certainly they are not in the homes in Northern Onâ€" tario, and it is doubtful whether they would be installed even to take advanâ€" tage of a cheaper fuel. Byâ€"product coke, which suffers from the same disadvanâ€" tage, has not replaced more expensive fuels. The domestic market is comparaâ€" tively a small part of the market. It is at present occupied by several fuels and great variety of types of equipâ€" ment, to be followed by a carefully planned educational campaign. uen ons snn nc on "The gold mines are consumers of bituminous coal for steamâ€"raising, mostly for heating purposes. The coal is of American origin and is supplied to the fires by underfeed serew stokers of the "Iron Firehan" type. In Western Canada lignite has been used successâ€" fully in underfeed stokers of the plunâ€" ger type, but no information is availâ€" able regarding the possibility of using the screwâ€"type with lignite products. The present consumption of coal by the mines is approximately 25,000 tons per annum. | \ 000 tons in 1931. The Foundation reâ€" | ,, +) C¢Cocmmends the use of about 200 tons of t 5 | Fleissner lignite for trials at the paper | ;/ | mills. If the 1931 tonnage could be reâ€" s | placeg by FPleissner lignite, it would e f create an annual market for 75,000 to 80,000 tons. "The smelter at Noranda Mines uses ,90,000 tons of the best quality Nova Scotia bituminous coal. It is pulverized and used in reverberatory furnaces, which must maintain very high temâ€" st peratures. The company buys Nova Scotia rather than American coal beâ€" th | cause of its higher heat value and ease a 2. © m H m of grinding. Their concern for efficienâ€" w |cy in the attainment of the desired ta temperatures is shown by their decision to dry the coal to a moisture content ;of below one per cent. before grinding. B Provided technical efficgency can be ‘ maintained, the company would welâ€" come any reduction in fuel costs and] would coâ€"operate in any attempt t,o, bring this about. It is very doubtful | He whether Fleissner lignite could be used | Th in these furnaces. If the moisture conâ€" | th« tent were still further reduced from 20 | LC to 2 per cent., there would ‘be a stronger ‘ arc possibility. The company is willing to | S!Q coâ€"operate by carrying out trials in a| C small furnace fired with pulyerized fuel| Do if 50 tons of Pleissner lignite could be | MO supplied. The possible market, 140,000 | Ma tons per annum, is larger than the i by proposeq initial output. | cep th V | Potential Market ]| _ "Paper mills use fuel for steamâ€"raisâ€" |ing and are generally equipped with furnaces designed to burn bituminous coal in pulverized form. During the ilast few years there has been an inâ€" creasing tendency, however, to install electric power. The ‘condition has markedly reduced, at least temporarily, the consumption of coal, and it is imâ€" ‘posslble to predict the future. From a purely technical point of view, Fleisâ€" l r sner lignite should create few probâ€" lems. The high content of volatile matter and the tendency of the partiâ€" cles to disintegrate and burn rapidly favour the possibility of maintaining the capacity of installed equipment. It should be possible to use coarser parâ€" ticles and thus allow more material to pass through the pulverizer. The high moisture content is not a hindrance to successful pulverization, and in pracâ€" tice it could be reduced by using preâ€" heated air in the mills. The market for bituminous coal has shrunk in recentl years from 125,000 tons in 1929 to 60,.â€" | establish the value of this deposit to the province of Ontario as a contingency fuel reserve. North Bay Nugget:â€"The mechanitcal lie getector tells the truth about half the time, according to a U. of M. proâ€" fessor. Why, the thing is ‘almost huâ€" man‘! is destined to play hope the Canadian people will give this financial novelty at least the benefit of any doubts they may entertain on the project." Alluding to the establishment of a central bank in Canada, Sir Josiah said: ‘"Those on this side who know how important a part this organization Sir Josiah Stamp, distinguished economist, proposing the toast to the Dominion, said he was looking forward to the time when Canada would play a tremendous part in international finâ€" ance. Standing between the United States dollar and the pound, she would have immense influence. "Gordon," declared Thomas, adâ€" dressing the Lord Chief Justice, "you may be all right as a judge but you are no good as an afterâ€"dinner speak-i er. My first thought, though, after‘ hearing you is thankfulness that my parents had the foresight to christen‘ me Jim." The laughter was quickly renewed when Thomas, in reply, alluded to Lord Hewart‘s reference to "Pericoloese"â€" that was how Thomas pronounced it. "I make a dignifiec protest on beâ€" rkalf of this company against Gordon Hewart‘s airy assumption that we know everything about classical history. A lot of people around me have been askâ€" ing who Pericolese was," he said. Lord Hewart finally summed up Thomas as one who was "at home equally with prince and peasant, bishop and billiardâ€"marker. The British Emâ€" pire is unlikely to slip off the rails while Jim Thomas is in charge of the train." chequer as Nev Chamberlain? "Europe is full of the praises of Sir John Simon, but was he ever known in the smoke room of the Commons as Jack Simon and id anyone ever venâ€" ture to refer to Tony Eden? The whole world rejoices that Lord Hailsham has become lord chancellor, but it would be like brawling in church or at least contempt of court if.one spoke of him as Duggie Hogg (his name is Douglas Hogg) ." "How many other members of the préesent â€" powerful government â€" are spoken to like that?" asked Lord Hewâ€" art. "Did you ever hear anyone speak of Stan Baldwin? Did anyone ever refer to the chancellor of the exâ€" chequer as Nev Chamberlain? He was known as Jim Thomas everyâ€" where, declared the lord chief justice, and a reasonable jury would regard that as a strong piece of evidence of character. Proposing the toast to the British Empire, Lord Hewart first made an eloâ€" quent reference to what Pericles said about the Athenian empire, and then went on to discuss the merits of "the Rt. Hon. James Henry Thomas," who was to respond anq who "seemed to enjoy conspicuous security of tenure in office." Other ceremonies in observance of Dominion Day were a service in the morning at the famous church of St. Mary le Bow in Cheapside, conducted by Rev. Gordon Ponsonby, and a reâ€" ception by Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson at Canada House in the afternoon, attendâ€" ed by 1,500 persons. A sparkling duel of wit between Lord Hewart,» lord chief justice, ang J. H. Thomas, dominions‘ secretary, marked the annual Dominion Day dinner at London, England, on Monday. G. Howâ€" ard Ferguson, Canadian high commisâ€" sioner in London, presided. And have you ever been chased by that fragment of dynamite, the humâ€"~â€" mingbird? You‘ll be really alarmed when these tomâ€"thumbs of birdland take after you and reveal how gigantic they can be. Battle of Wits at London Dominion Day Banquet Great Blue Heron will not fly, but will Sit still until a man climbs into view, when the dagger bill flashes out straight for the eyes. 'i (Kerry Wood in Edmonton Journal) y At this season of hatching birds many curious humans who "want to | see" have been frightencd by the parâ€" |ent birds darting at their heads and | threatening to peck at the eyes. Often the question is asked, "Will birds acâ€" tually attack humans?" It might be goog strategy to say "Yes" to discourage those who someâ€" | times violate the secret of a nest site so clumsily and often that the birds forsake it. But the truth is, it is rather rare that a bird, large or small, will attack a human in defence of the nest. There is one bird who provides a consistent exception to this rule, for the female Great Horned Owl, in, deâ€" fence of her owlets, will not hesitate to use her nesdleâ€"sharp talons on the head of any human who ventures to molest the young. The mother horned owl is a very fierce old lady at such times angq woodsmen who have been tco curious can show you nasty scars. However, most of us aren‘t lucky enough to find her nest, anyway . . . | Some of the larger biids;crows, magpies, ducks and dovesâ€"will meekly fly off and do nothing at all, The Do Birds Bite When Their Nests or Young Disturbed? Headache, Toothache, Rheumatic Pains, or Monthly Pains Vanish. Don‘t suffer with pain. Take the little wonder Pain Tablet, Noxâ€"aâ€" Pain. Price: 2%5¢, 50¢c, 75¢, $1.00, Bold at the Goldfields Drug Store. Noxâ€"Aâ€" Pain Tablets Kills All Pain ; who "want to ned by the parâ€" their heads and the eyes. Often t the birds it is rather small, will of the nest, provides a THE PORCUPINE ADVANCE, imittys, onNTaRto Phone 440, Timmins From Xâ€"ray records in St. Mary‘s hospital here, taken by Dr. Russell and his assistaut in the study of the disâ€" ease that has affected so many minâ€" ers, it is possible to study the various stages in detail, and to watch closely the effects of continued work and treatâ€" ments. From the thousands of films in the cabinets of the Xâ€"ray departâ€" ment, plates can be chosen showing if plans at present under consideration work out as expected. ' Needs Highly Specialized Men A highly specialized physician is reâ€"| ,qulred to diagnose the disease with | accuracy, especially in the early stages. The examination of Xâ€"ray plates is | pessibly <the only sure method of deâ€"| terminping whether or not a patient is | suffering from silicosis, and even then | when examination is made by those unâ€" familiar with the work, diagnosis is apt to be incorrect. The plates reveal, in the later stages of the disease, shaâ€"| _dows (which appear white on the negaâ€" l tive) of about the size of a buckshot, | seattered throughout the lung. These[ are caused partially by scar tissue and | partially by actual silica introduced inâ€"| to the lung by continued breathing of | rock dust containing silica particles. In the later stages, calcium, introduced from the blood stream, adds to the contraction caused by the scar Lissue’ and prevents the parts of the lung afâ€" } fected from being used. It is usually the central part of the lungs that beâ€" | comes seriously harmed, the extreme!fi upper and lower parts having much enâ€" | larged air cells. [ 1 A The sanatorium at Saranac is to beâ€" come the central registration point for the study of silicosis, Dr. Russell said. The Porcupine affords one of the most fértile fields on the continent for the study of the disease, and the work done here by Dr. Russell, who is assoâ€" cilated with the Workmen‘s Compensaâ€" tion Board, has contributed greatly to medical science‘s knowledge, not only of early getection but also of treatment. Dr. N. H. Russell, one of the two Canadians who attended the symposium at the Trudeau sanatorium at Saranac lake at the beginning of June, was the | guest speaker at ‘the Timmins Lions | Club last ‘Thursday evenin}. . The | study of silicosis was Dr. Russell‘s subâ€" ’ ject, and it is one with which he is well acquainted . ons Club Hear Interesting and Informative Addreo Silicosis, with Emphasis on the Progress Made in venting and Curing the Disease. buying Truck operators in widely different lines of business are The Lions Club in Timmins is conâ€" tinuing its work in providing spectacles for children of school age who would ctherwise not be able to afford them. An average of one pair of glasses a week is being maintained. A worthwhile article on the subject of silicosis will appear in a future isâ€" sue of The Advance. ) The sanatorium itself is one of the oldest on the continent and was foundâ€" ed by Dr. Trudeau, who, finding himâ€" self suffering from tuberculosis, went up into the Adirondacks and after fishâ€" ing and lying about in the bright sunâ€" light, found himself much improved. It was in this way that the idea of Eanatoriums foung great favour with medical men in the Lxeatment of tuberâ€" culosis,. ‘| Patients are able to continue wor! i[tor many years after first contractin: the disease, and although rest cures An fother more recently advanced treat | ments may aid in recovery, the sures method to cut down the incidence o , the disease is prevention. Methods o | prevention have been carefully studiec . not only in Canada, but all over the continent. Those who are occupied it the business of sand blasting, or in facâ€" tories where silica dust is likely to be found, contract silicosis much more quickly than miners, so that the study of preventive measures is a most imâ€" portant one to industry as a whole. Use Inhalators Now The use of inhalators by workers is the logical solution to cutting down the incidence of silicosis to the lowest posâ€" sible point, it is now believed, and at least iron mine in the United States has now made it compulsory for their miners to wear masks while enâ€" !gaged in their work. It is understood that at least one mine in the Porcupin® is seriously considering putting a similar measure into effect. Dr. Russell‘s visit to the Trudeau! sanatorium was made in company with | Dr. Riddell of the Department of Health | of Ontario. Dr. LeRoy Gardiner, pathâ€" | clogist at the institution, recognized as | one of the foremost men on the continâ€" ent in the study of silicosis, made some very interesting remarks about recent‘ work. I every stage, from the first visible sign until those cases which have become hopeless. Robert Simpson Co., wellâ€"known department store, recently added several Ford Vâ€"8 De Luxe Panel Deliveries to their fleet of Ford units. Authorized Ford Dealers Timmins and on PQ@â€" of Among the women present were Mrs.| Value to those replaced. Josephine Jackson of Toronto, grand ns m mm regent of the Women of Moose, and Try The Advance Want Advertisements Oof "O Canada" while the several thcusand delegates stood. A large delegation of Canadian memâ€" bers was present, among them several prominent in the order, including Norâ€" man G. Heyd of Toronto, regional diâ€" rector of Canada; Stuart Slater, suâ€" preme auditor of Canada; Joseph Hackson of Toronto, supreme forum member, and George E. ~Johns of Walkerville, Ont. T‘wo member Kirkland Lake, man of Rouyn of "O Canada thcusand deleg: Delegates to the 47th annual convenâ€" tion of the Loyal Order of Moose at Boston, Mass., on Monday of this week celebrated Dminion Day as the opening sessions got under way. Moose Sing "O Canada" at Dominion Day Function for widely different reasons with cycling becoming increasingly pspular in the Old Country as the weather daily grows warmer, the problem of what to do with Master Baby, crops up. It is solved in a perfect manner, however, by this Inâ€" verness cyclist, and his wife, who built a tiny sidecar for their bicycle in which the child sits with comfort enjoying the fresh air and countryside. A glass windsield protects the child from dust and dirt, The photo is from Inverness, Seotland. With cyciin 5, William Ramsey of Ont., and Bert Bridgeâ€" _Que., led the singing ‘_â€" while the several Two 131%â€"inch 1%â€"tom Ford Vâ€"8 Trucks with stake bodies. Part of a large fleet of Ford units used by the Canadian Pacific Express throughout Canada for pickâ€"up and delivery service. "On a Bicyele Built For Three" 8 Balsam St. South Mrs. Condie, matron at the District Children‘s Aid Society Shelter, this week received a generous donation from the Timmins Golden Chapter Daughâ€" ters of the Empire. The gift was a cheque for $25.00 to be spent for needâ€" ed linens for the Shelter. When the Shelter was opened here eight years ago the Kiwanis provided a notable array of the best of linens and wonâ€" derful service was received from these linens. Some replacements are necsâ€" sary and the donation from the ILO. D.E. will make possible the purchase of linens that will give somewhat similar value to those replaced. Timmins 1.0.D.E. Make Fine Donation to the Shelter Mrs. Mitella of St. Th dent of the Women « 11 ias, Ont., presiâ€" Mouse Associaâ€" 1