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She Oshawa Times 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited T. L. Wilson, Publisher E. C. Prince, Associate Publisher OSHAWA, ONTARIO, FRIDAY, APRIL 7, 1967 Indispensible Services Offered By Libraries Well-organized and well equipped libraries are more than depositories ef books and reading material which can be borrowed or which are acces- sible through personal _ visits. Libraries are important educational institutions in themselves providing a great variety of useful and in many cases, indispensible services. These aspects are emphasized today by Norman A. M. MacKenzie, chairman of Canadian Library Week which begins today, They apply most certainly to the facilities in Osh- awa as an outstanding part of Can- ada's unique public library system. In older parts of the world, the great libraries were "ivory towers of learning", born in universities and monasteries and the private book rooms of the very wealthy. Canada's libraries, on the other hand, grew out of the Mechanics Institutes, an organization formed in Britain for the purpose of help- ing to educate the ordinary working man. The first Mechanics Institute in Canada was organized in St. John's, Newfoundland, in 1827, The Institute had their own libraries, and as public education improved and there was less need to provide educational facilities for their mem- bers, they used their funds to im- prove their libraries. These libraries were reserved for the use of members, but during the late nineteenth century the demand began to grow for free libraries that everyone could use. In 1865 legislation was passed in Ontario making these libraries public. There were almost 300 Mechanics Institute libraries in the province, and they formed the nuc- leus of the largest provincial service in- Canada. Today almost fifty per- cent of Canada's libraries are located in Ontario... and some of these libraries have acquired international reputations for excellence. Hunting For Homes The purchasing or the building of a new home represents one of the biggest decisions to be made by any family. Home-hunters are most vulnerable when they "fall in love" with a house since questions that should be asked are frequently for- gotten and failure to ask them could result in serious hardship or Jess in the future. A useful check list has been pro- vided by the Royal Bank of Canada which may help in avoiding such difficulties, Some of the considera- tions are: 1. Will the property be readily saleable if I were required to move? She Oshawa Times 86 King St. E., Oshawe, Ontorle T. L. WILSON, Publisher & C. PRINCE, General Monoger C.J. MeCONECHY, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times {established 1871) and the Whitby Gazetté ond Chronicle (established 1863) is published daily (Sundays and Statutary holidays excepted). Members of Canadian Daily Newspaper Publish- ers Association, The Canadian Press. Audit Bureau Association. The Canadian Press is exclusively éntitled to the use of republication of all news despotched in the paper credited to it er to The Associoted Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special des- patches ore also reserved. King St, £., Oshawa, Ontario ' National Advertising Offices: Thomson Building. 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 646 Cathcart Street Montreal, P.O Delivered by carriers m Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince , Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton. Enniskillen, Orono, Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester Pontypool, and Newcastle not over 55¢ r week, By moll in Province of Ontario outs! $15.00 per yeor. pr 'ond h untries, $18.00 per yeor, U.S.A, and foreign $27.00 pe year. corrier delivery ores, Ce LL 'SAVIOUR OF CEYLON' unto muNeO RARE 2. Is the area appreciating or de- preciating in value? 3. Is any foreseeable development likely to take place that would de- preciate the value of the property? 4: Are there likely to be any major repairs required in the near future? 5. Are there flooding problems in the Spring? 6. Are the sewage, garbage, water and other services satisfactory ? 7. Is the property tax situation stable, or are tax increases likely to cause financial problems? 8. Are education facilities avail- able and if so are they satisfactory There are probably many other points you can add to the check list that pertain to your individual needs. For instance, will your new home accommodate your family satisfactorily in future years? Be sure to obtain answers to all these questions before you build or buy. APPLIED LOGIC One of Quebec's separatist par- ties says it won't engage in demon- strations at Expo 67 during the Queen's visit, because it considers Expo international territory. Since Expo is also part of Quebec and Canada, by the same reasoning the separatists shouldn't engage in demonstrations anywhere in the country. --Ottawa Citizen renee NN LLL eT . OTTAWA REPORT Gumbo Or Flood? Expo Alternatives By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA--A brief four weeks before VIP-view day of Expo 67, which will mark the official opening, Commissioner - Gen- eral Pierre Dupuy looked out over the 1,000 acres of his do- main nestling in Montreal's St, Lawrence River. Like good King Wenceslas on the feast of Stephen, he saw--to his horror --that all around the snow still lay deep and crisp--but dirty. Our unusually protracted win- ter has been about four weeks longer than normal--in Montreal as in this nearby snowbound capital. Thus Canada's first world's fair faces the birth-pang choice: to pray for a quick thaw which will melt the snow, dry out the ground, mature the 3,000,000 spring bulbs to color- ful blossom, but perhaps flood the Expo islands with melied upriver snow; or to hope for a gentle run-off between now and April 27 --which 'would leave the ground like impassable prairie gumbo, but cause no damage. While fair officials have their fingers crossed, I was able to enjoy a private preview drive around the two islands -- one half man-made and the other entirely artificial. I was im- pressed to see the construction of all pavilions and exhibits vir- tually completed; the overhead monorail train and the Metro- express making trouble - free practice runs; flags gaily flut- tering, and so was the army of pretty Expo hostesses. Expo, I was told by a happy and confi- dent commissioner - general, is bang up to schedule. WEIRD AND WONDERFUL The first impression one re- ceives at Expo must be the strange appearance and odd shapes of the pavilions, all un- familiar and adventurous and certainly forward - looking. Many have that deliberate mod- ern look which resembles _in- completion --like Ottawa's dreadful new bare-beamed rail- road station Quite in keeping with the tone of this could - be architects' psychedelic playground is the Brewers Pavilion. This was sponsored and erected by the first Canadian industry to an- nounce its participation in Expo. Understandably its $1,000,000 pavilion is the first to be equipped; that is why it was the first to be opened, even to a sneak preview such as I ene joyed. This unusual building consists of three separate round sec- tions, One houses the beer gar- den and restaurant; another houses the exhibition area and theatre; the third contains the kitchen and service area. Most of the 40,000,000 visitors expected at Expo-making an average crowd of 200,000 per day -- will be surprised and happy to find that their admis- sion fee of $2.50 per day--chil- dren under 12 half price--just about encompasses everything that human eye and mind and feet could handle in one day. Admission to nearly all pavil- ions is free; use of the Metro express transportation is free, WHAT YOU PAY FOR Judging by the menu in the Brewers Pavilion, restaurants are not costly, and offer some- thing for any purse. If you like steak, a 12-ounce Alberta rib steak with all the trimmings costs $2.50; but a PE.I. cold plate of sausages, cheese, pick- les and chips costs 95 cents. There are 60 brands of Cana- dian beer in cans; or draught beer at two bits a- glass. And where else in Canada can you sit in a beer garden with your tankard and your girl. Expo is a breakthrough in that respect, introducing for the first time in Canada the more civilized and leisurely way of consumption of the German beer-garden and the English pub. As a free finisher to your Expo meal, the Brewers Pavil- ion offers a 15-minute puppet show entitled Fun and Fantasy in its comfortable semi-circular theatre. So it's a place where you can take the kids; or if you plan to dump them in the kindergarten, why the beer- garden is conveniently opposite. Civil - Rights Leader Met By Militant Mood Of U.S. By ARCH MacKENZIE WASHINGTON (CP)-- Martin Luther King, a Negro minister, Nobel Peace Prize winner and civil-rights leader, is reaping criticism for a bitter attack on the American role in Vietnam. "A tragedy," says the Wash- ington Post, regarded as Liberal by American standards. "Mr. King has done a grave injury to those who are his allies in a great struggle to re- move ancient (anti - Negro) abuses many who have listened to him with respect will never again accord him the same confidence." "A tongue gone astray,"' says the Washington Daily News. "The Vietnamese Communists have never gone so far."' What did King say? "If America's soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must read Vietnam," King declared Tuesday in a long - awaited speech in New York, Never in favor of the war, he lashed out on grounds of con- science, the damage being done by the war's cost on the U.S. war on poverty and on the pro- portionately greater number of Negroes than whites fighting and dying. His text called the U.S. "The greatest purveyor of violence in the world today . .. a society gone mad on war." The anti-King reaction illus- trates the firming up of the war- like mood in the U.S. President Johnson, for example, has now taken to calling American sol- diers killed during the pauses in bombings against North Viet- nam "martyrs for peace." Any fundamental criticism of the war draws increasingly stif- fer fire, as Senator J. W. Ful- bright and others can testify. These are not easy days for King. As his speech showed, he is an angry man urging whites and Negroes to boycott the war by refusing military service. He accuses the U.S. of wrecking Vietnam in a misguided war against communism and claims the U.S. and its South Viet- namese allies have killed a mil- lion civilians. nnn oi eatnt eee tee nt COMMANDANT OF RMC Canadian Prevented 'Another Pearl Harbor' By DAVE McINTOSH OTTAWA (CP) -- Twenty-five years ago a young Canadian airman performed an exploit that earned him the unofficial title of "saviour of Ceylon." He prevented another Pearl Har- bor. To the people of Ceylon, Air Commodore Leonard J. Birch- all, now 51 and commandant of Royal Military College, is still a hero. He will. go to Ceylon this gummer as guest of its govern- ment and, among other things, place the cornerstone for a new air terminal The native of St. Catharines, Ont., was the captain of a rick- ety RCAF Catalina flying boat which on April 4, 1942, while on patrol 350 miles south of Cey- lon, warned of the approach of a Japanese invasion fleet of battleships, aircraft and troop carriers, cruisers and destroy- ers. The warning enabled the Royal Navy to beat off the at- tack. Air Commodore Birchail-- Birch to his friends--and his eight-man crew were shot down. He was awarded the Distin- guished Flying Cross and also the Order of the British Empire for his devotion to the welfare of his fellow prisoners-of-war while serving 314 years as a war prisoner in Japan. 'DOT' WAS FLEET Here's how Birchall, 26 at the time, tells his chilling story after 'a small dot on the horizon" turned out to be the Japanese invasion fleet, It is the first time his account has been published. "The standard procedure at that time upon sighting enemy shipping was to send out a 'first sighting report' which had to be repeated three times. We immediately coded the message and started our transmission. "During this time, however, the Japanese aircraft had spotted us and started in their attack. The message had been sent twice and we were halfway through our third transmission when an explosive shell hit the wireless equipment and com- pletely destroyed it. The wire- less operator was also seriously injured at that time. "There was no cloud cover or any other protection for us as we tried to make our way back out of the area, We were under constant attack and due to the explosive shells our internal tanks were set on fire. "We managed to get the fire out the first time; however, two of the air gunners were seri- ously injured by the fire and also by the heavy enemy fire we were receiving. "The internal fire started again and the aircraft started to break up in-the. air. Due to our. low altitudé it was impos- sible for us to bail out and I managed to get the aircraft down onto the water before the tail fell off "All the time we were landing and immediately thereafter, we were under constant enemy strafing. The crew managed to evacuate the aircraft with the exception of one air gunner who had had his leg completely sev- ered by enemy fire. He un- x fortunately went down with the aircraft. "Once we were away from the aircraft, the strafing still con- tinued and it was necessary for us to dive under the water each time the enemy aircraft fired at us. "Unfortunately, the two in- jured crew members in_ life- jackets could not do this and they were killed... . "This left six of us and we continued to stay in a group until a destroyer came over and put out a small boat to pick us up. We were then taken to the destroyer and put on. the for- ward deck "Three of the crew were badly injured, both from wounds they had received during the fight and also in the water, and were lying on the deck in a state of semi-consciousness. The other three of us, although we had received several wounds, were fairly well off. "The purpose of our being picked up was to find out whether we had been able to send a warning message and, secondly, to obtain any informa- tion we had concerning the de- fences of Ceylon, such as the location of the Royal Navy ships. 'We immediately denied hav- ing got a message away and also invented a story that we had only arrived in Colombo the day before by train from India and taken off during that night; therefore, we did not have any knowledge of the Cey- lon defences. BEATEN BY JAPS "The questioning was carried out under the usual Japanese tactics of being accompanied by severe beatings. "We stuck to our story and it appeared to have been, ac- cepted until Colombo came on the air to ask for a repeat of our message. 'We were then placed in the forward paint locker of the de- stroyer where three could lie down, two could sit and one had to stand. These conditions pre- vailed for three days during the attack on Ceylon and we were given no medical treatment and only one cup of soup each day. "Following the attack on Cey- lon, we were transferred to the aircraft carrier Akagi where we received some medical treat- ment but were under constant questioning each day... . "We arrived in 'Yokohama navy base the day after the Doolittle raid on Japan. We were therefore paraded before the populace who vented their anger on us until we reached what we thought was the com- parative safety of a prisoner-of- war camp. "It was not until I was re- covered in Manila at the end of the war that I found out our message had gotten through and had been of value." Former defence minister Ralph Campney once spent a whole afternoon trying to per- suade Birchall to publish his prisoner-of-war diaries which the officer somehow had man- aged to keep out of Japanese hands. Birchall says he still isn't convinced this would serve any useful purpose, ee 4 CUreeriee suse iam FOREIGN NEWS ANALYSIS nUW's YOUK TEAMWORK?" nn nuit SE Instant Democracy By Ky? By PHILIP DEANE Foreign Affairs Analyst Land reform has been shelved to all intents and purposes in South Vietnam; this, plus changes in the American high command of the "pacification" effort in the country, make the new constitution and the elec- tions for village councils mean- ingless as an effective challenge to the political control the Viet- cong guerrillas exercise over much of South Vietnam. South Vietnam's government and the U.S. are at war against guerrillas born in. South Viet- nam's villages. Family loyalty towards a guerrilla in hiding is naturally stronger than towards American soldiers who burn down villages to destroy the guerrilla's sources of supply or towards the American's aux- iliary, the South Vietnamese soldier, who not only burns huts but also rapes and loots, as reported by reputable U.S. newsmen, A village council has no power to stop such outrages. The new constitution is sup- posed to install a civilian gov- ernment in Saigon but the first "civilian" president is most likely to be General Ky, who will exchange his present mili- tary attire for mufti. Will Gen- eral Ky in civilian clothes, be more diligent than heretofore in forcing his army to stop looting and raping the peasants? The country, actually, is under mil- itary law and the military often do not think their law applies to them. LANDLESS PEASANTS Could the South Vietnamese Army be persuaded to mend its ways by the Americans? Robert Komer, the former CIA man in charge of the "pacification" program for winning over the South Vietnamese peasants was questioned about their being abused by their compatriots in uniform. His answer led Amer- ican reporters to believe he sympathized with the soldiers who, he said lived in danger and having no money took rather than bought what they wanted. There was one way to secure the loyalty of the South Viet- namese peasant, despite the abuses to which he is subjected by his army: a thorough land reform that would distribute the large estates of absentee land- lords would turn the South Vietnamese peasant from a landless laborer into a proprie- tor with something tangible to lose in the event the commu- nists won and imposed collectiv- ization. Greek peasants helped TODAY IN HISTORY BY THE CANADIAN PRESS April 10, 1966... Britain's Catholic Relief Act was passed 138 years ago today -- in 1829--when the Duke of Wellington con- cluded that nothing else could prevent civil war. The Irish Catholics were prom- ised civil liberties in 1801 and had organized when the promise was not kept. Only after 1829 were Roman Catholics allowed to work for the government or sit in Parliament and, in all Britain until 1780, Catholics were not allowed to own or inherit property and saying mass was a crime. 1841--Halifax was incor- porated. 1894--Britain, Russia Ja- pan and the United States signed a seal conservation treaty, their government defeat a com- munist guerrilla offensive be- cause they had been made proprietors by a land reform. But Mr. Komer is not the cham- pion of land reform his prede- cessor was. And General Ky is on the side of the landlords; so are the other generals. Agents for the landlords and moneylender ac- company the army into villages "liberated" from the commu- nists and collect. Americans could put an end to such prac- tices only by taking over the direct rule of Vietnam; short of that, it is difficult to discipline allies in the middle of a war. Thus, the "democracy" for which the South Vietnamese peasant is urged to vote offers him no freedom from economic exploitation by landlords who take half the crops in rent, nor freedom from the looting, rap- inous soldiery. Little wonder the peasant prefers his cousin the guerrilla and will not betray him. U.S. President Called Out Militia Starting 1812 Fiasco By BOB BOWMAN Tt can be argued that all wars are useless and should never have been fought. Certainly one of the most useless was the War of 1812, the last time Britain and the U.S.A. fought against each other, Nobody won it, and nobody lost it. The British asked for peace terms first, but the Americans failed in their objec- tive to capture Canada. As is the case now, there were a group of people in the U.S.A. who were known as the War Hawks. They included the famous Kentucky orator, Henry Clay, and several leading mem- bers of Congress, the Speaker of the House, the chairman of the naval committee, and three members of the foreign rela- tions committee. President: Madison was op- posed to war, at first, but gave in when it was revealed that Governor Craig of Canada had employed an American agent to try to persuade the New Eng- land states to secede from the union. It was felt that Canada could be captured easily be- cause Britain was heavily en- gaged in Europe fighting Napo- leon, OUTNUMBER CANADIANS Indians, were only 500,000 people in Can- ada and most of them were French - speaking. The Amer- icans, then numbering 8,000,000, believed that the French-speak- ing Canadians would welcome an invasion because they would Apart from there be "liberated from British tyr- anny." Dr. Eustis, secretary for war, said that the U.S.A. would need to send only offi- cers, because the Canadians would fight under them to de- feat the British. The American predictions were entirely wrong, as will be shown in future stories. A lead- ing French-Canadian once said that the last shot fired in de- fence of the British connection would be fired by a French- speaking Canadian. Even if they disliked the British gover- nors, they rallied in the War of 1812 to defend their homeland. The Americans threatened their independence far more than did the British 3,000 miles across the Atlantic. The fiasco, began on April 10, 1812, when President Madison called out the militia, and war was declared on June 18. Other April 10 events: 1606 -- King James I gave large grants of land in North America to the Plymouth and London Companies. 1684--France passed an ordi- nance against emigration to English colonies. 1841--Halifax incorporated as a city. 1865 -- Premier Tupper of Nova Scotia urged union of the Maritime provinces. 1912--Board of Grain Com- missioners appointed 1937--Parliament passed act creating Trans-Canada Airlines (now Air Canada), QUEEN'S PARK Real Spur To Action In Election By DON O"HEARN TORONTO (CP)--The power of elections is wonderful. They are the real spur to progress in our "democratic" society. Governments can stand still, or even look backward, between elections. But once they know they have to go to the country they come awake and start thinking in terms of doing things new, or of actually doing -new things they have been thinking of for some time. A MIRACLE Thus with an election coming up this year we are seeing de- velopments such as the start of the Legal Aid Plan, a govern- ment plan of land-leasing for housing and other bold and pro- gressive steps. We even are seeing the prov- ince take over control of air pollution. And when we see this we have to be convinced there is nothing quite so good as elections. For indeed this ranks with the near-miraculous. _ While smog has been becom- ing thicker and thicker in the cities, and our air generally so fouled up it has been even dam- aging crops and livestock, the government has been fumbling along-hiding its nose, you might Say, against the wind. It is a most obvious self- evident fact that the only way in which air pollution can be controlled is in big areas, which means the control must be at the provincial level. This was pointed out 10 years ago in an excellent report by @ select committee of the house which studied air pollution, But the government has chosen to ignore both the com- mittee's findings and common sense and has left most respon- sibility for control with the municipalities. By doing this it evaded ad- ministrative, troubles and po- tential political headaches, but the public interest suffered greatly. For most municipali- eg of course, did nothing at all, A START Now Health Minister Dr. Dy- mond has finally introduced a program which aims at setting up control in five years, prov- ince-wide and administered by the province. After the experience to date nobody is going to say the pro- gram is actually going to work. Effective control means step- ping on a lot of toes, including toes of industry and local offi cials. The government may not be too willing to do this. But at least it has finally undertaken the only practical approach, YEARS AGO 15 YEARS AGO, April 10, 1952 Michael Starr, Oshawa's mayor will seek nomination as Progressive Conservative Party candidate in the forthcoming by- election. A meeting was held in the Sea Cadet Headquarters of a number of ex-naval personnel for the purpose of organizing a Naval Club in Oshawa, 30 YEARS AGO, April 10, 1937 Negotiations in the General Motors strike which started April 8 at 7:01 a.m. have col- lapsed. Prime Minister Mitchell Hepburn has refused to negoti- ate with Hugh Thompson of the BIBLE ".,, as thou hast done, it shall be done unto thee: thy reward shall return upon thine own head."' Obadiah 15 Unforgiven sin has a way of making its way back home. Only the Saviour can stop it. _ Trust Him today! en uN Neat nnn IT HAPPENED IN CANADA 44UG ~ EVEN TODAY INDIANS LEAVE GIFTS TO THESE SPIRITS TO ENKURE SAFE TRIPS & PLENTIFUL PIKHING + en . A Cub tric! the WI MONI Co-( night; by B Whitb Auxili Churc St. M Wome Unitec St. , Wome Presb House IODE Hocke ering iliary, TUES Al-A Whitb: Whitb; Club; Aftern ing Club; Club; Faith * Girls; School meetir Order Mark'; Unit Chure! Red C WEDN Whit Salvat Bible zens' Kinett Noble by R Ladies Berna