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re OT sb... sro 2 a The Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawo, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher THURSDAY, MARCH 17, 1966 --~ PAGE 4 Interest Rate Increase Necessary Adjustment The significance of an economic development on the Canadian scene has been all lost in the political pyrotechnics which have flared in Ottawa. The increase by one-half of one per cent -- from 4%4 to 514 per cent -- in the interest rate set by the Bank of Canada will require ad- justments throughout the economic community. The announcement of the increase coincided with the release of the annual report of the Bank of Can- ada. In it a cautious and convincing warning was given by Governor Louis Rasminsky of "letting de- mand on the economy get out of hand". This is a risk the new rate can help to alleviate. Mr. Rasminsky made reference to his assessment that Canada is faced by the "dangers of excessive de- mand", that "the aggregate of all demands on the Canadian economy may outrun the effective capacity of the economy". As The Welland Tribune notes this is sharply illustrated through- out Canada, with the average costs of. numerous public buildings being erected for the Centennial costing at least 60 per cent more than orig- inally estimated. Neither addition- al funds nor credit could relieve the "overload of such situations". Whenever demand in its relation- ship with capacity, produces such price distortion the result is to make the things produced cost more than they are worth. The early effect of the increase will be greater difficulty in borrow- ing, the cost will be greater. There'll be a further "tightening of money. I'he Welland daily points out there can be little doubt of the need for the increase, the only criticism comes in the "scatter-gun" ap- proach -- credit can be curtailed where it is needed and deserved as easily as in areas where there is a clearer need to have it curbed. Yet as Mr. Rasminsky reported "if warning signals are ignored... the problems become much more difficult to deal with'. There'll agreement, with his statement that "public policy should ... en- courage the economy to expand in accordance with the increase in ef- fective capacity". be too, Ontario, 'The Greatest!' The question of whether Ontar- io's image is all it should be in the realm of tourist promotion has been posed in the legislature by the mem- ber for Essex South, Donald A. Pat- erson. During the debate on the es- timates of the Department of Tour- ism and Information he has sug- gested a greater selling job could be done to interest tourists in this province. In comment his contention, The Peterborough Examiner has drawn attention to a color brochure which has just been released by the The Oshawa Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Marager C. J. MeCONECHY Editor The Oshawa Times he gy The Oshawa Times lcscusses 1871) ond Initby Gazette end Chronicle - established 1883) is published daily Sundeys end Statutory holidays excepted). Members of Canedian Daily Newspoper Publish- @rm Association. The Canadian Press, Audit Bureou of Cireylation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association. The Canaodion Press is exclusively tntitied to the use of republication of ell news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associcted Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special dee potches are also reserved, on Gffices; Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcort Street, Montreal P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone. Dunbarton. Enniskillen, Orono, Leskord, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester Pontypool, and Newcastle not over SOc, per week. By mail in Province ef Ontarie outside corrier delivery areo, $15.00 per year. Other provi and Commonwealth Countries, giao U.S.A. aod foreign $27.00 per yeer. frees Canadian Government 'Travel Bu- reau. It leaves much to be desired in the headlining of what Ontario has to offer its prospective visitors. The Exam- of specific: superlatives in the scope and description pro- vided of other provinces. The wild splendor of British Columbia, the magnificent vistas of the Prairies and the old-world flavor of Quebec are given full play by the public- ists. By comparison, the attention devoted to Ontario doesn't rate, it is argued. There is no shortage, iner notes, The being expressed brings to mind an expression over- worked a man whose visit to Can- ada shortly is being billed in some circles a major tourist attraction, The man's Cassius Clay and the ex- pression is that "he's the greatest!" concern Ontarians are justifiably proud of their provinme and its attraction We've no doubt that out of the ten, our province is "the greatest'. Per- haps we're too prone to.keep this intelligence to ourselves". After all Clay exudes confidence but he has continued to sell himself, ad nauseum. Whatever we may think of him, we do know of him. Doubtless the approach can be made more attractively, but every avenue should be utilized to keep tourists aware, wherever they may be that this province is "the great. est" in vacationland attractions. to some, MODERN FACTORIES APPEAR... OTTAWA REPORT Comeback Seen Of Canada Medal By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA--The Pearson gov- ernment. 1 helieve. is nlanning the praiseworthy step of filling an embarrassing void in our panoply of national sovereignty. It may correct the fact that, algne among the developed aa- tipns of the world, Canada has no national order or medal with which we can reward citizens. or hank foreign benefactors for courage or service beyond the line of duty. Canada does have one medal --the Canada Medal, created by order - in - council in 1943. Fourteen 'specimens of it were prepared by the Royal Cana- dian mint in 1944, seven bearing the word 'Merit' and seven bearing its French translation *'Merite;"' all had the word "specimen" engraved round ihe rim. Twelve of these are in government custody; two were stolen, apparently by that great magpie of souvenirs, the late prime minister Mackenzie King; none were ever awarded to deserving Canadians But in a little-noted reply to a question in Parliament about the Canada Medal two years ago, Prime Minister Pearson re- plied: **We will be resurrecting that, perhaps, one of these days." CELEBRATE CENTENARY Orders perhaps will soon be given to the mint to strike as many as 100 Canada Medals. Then on July 1, 1967, it will appropriately be awarded to deserving Canadians, probably by the governor general pinning the medal, hanging from its red-white-red siriped ribbon, on the chest of each proud recipi- ent, at an investiture on the lawn in front of the Parliament Building Will Canada's decorations end with medal coming to life 24 years after its conception? It would be reasonable to create a Cana- dian order as well; several times in the recent past, cabinet ministers have discussed re- lated .proposals, such as the creation of an Order of St. Lawrence. awards and that one As well as having no decora- tions of our own, we have a seit denying practise which for- bids Canadians to accept civil or military decorations from other countries, except in time of war. This is enforced for ordinary Canadians, but flouted by the in-group. For instance, French and papal titles and decorations ate frequently ac- cepted. And Foreign Minister Paul Martin, in the official announce- ment of Rene Garneau as Canadian ambassador to Switz- erland, added: "Mr. Garneau was created a Knight of the Legion of Honor by the French government in 1947." This situation is regretta- ble, and has led to international embarrassment. ESTABLISH COMMITTEE Who will be the honored re- cipients. of Canada's new 100th birthday medals? There is a determination that this national institution shall not deteriorate into an instrument of political patronage. Ideally a non-politi- cal honors committee should be set up to winnow recommenda- tions. This might consist, for example, of ex-officio members such as federal and provincial chief justices There should several grades of medals, so that Canada does not say '"'thank you" with the same decoration to such diverse worthies as a retired governor general, a long-service nurse in the Arctic, a civilian who risks his life to save children from a frozen river, a foreigner who serves Canada as honorary con- sul in some distant port, and a civil servant who performs praiseworthy tasks behind his desk. Then too, there should, to re- ward bravery in the armed forces, be a distinctive Cana- dian Cross--integrated, natur- ally. Accompanying the initiation of any system of Canadian dec- orations, the ban on Canadians accepting awards offered by foreign governments could be expected to be lifted. ultimately be orders and Uneasiness Grips Peking But Rigid Policy Remains By HAROLD MORRISON The cockiness China showed after the fall of Nikita Khrush- chevy appears to be slowly giv- ing way in Peking to a feeling of uneasiness and self-pity, The Chinese government laments the ungratefulness of revolution- aries but in a surprising dis- play of rigidity refuses to con- cede that its own policies are anything but justified and vir- tuous. "The ravings against China now are rising to a crescendo in the world," says the official People's Daily in reciting what it calls abuses against China by imperialists, reactionary na- tionalists, reactionaries, modern revisionists, landlords, rich peasants, counter - revolution- aries, bad elements. and right- ists. it would seem from the Pe- king view that virtually the whold world has risen against China through no fault of those who direct Chinese policy. But rather than admit. self-error, China's leaders comfort them- selves with the narrow view that those revolutionaries who attack China will simply suffer the fate of Khrushchey--they will be disowned The absolute rigidity of the Chinese position, springing from some inner philosophy that it is SHO right and the world is wrong, illustrates the difficulty of per- suading Peking to encourage a Viet Nam settlement with which the United States can live. Why should it consider yield- ing even the smallest conces- sion to such an imperialist as the United States when it finds fault with such old friends as Cuba and Indonesia? Cuba had hoped to sell sugar to China in exchange for much- needed rice, When Fidel Castro found it. necessary to put a clamp on a flood of Chinese propaganda that accompanied the rice, China found it had to trim its rice exports. Castro's subsequent accusa- tions of bad faith are: rejected by the People's Daily as utterly unreasonable It suggests if Castro continues his anti-China outbursts, he simply will go the way of Khrushchev, who was dismissed from Soviet power. In other words those who op- poe China will fall and those who support her will reap great benefits. Even events in Indonesia seem to have left Peking with nothing more than anger and virtuous self pity. The coup that failed and which brought a huge and unabated flow of blood is seen in Jakarta as one inspired by those who support Peking. ee a ... IN LOCALE OF BEST-SELLER Green Returns To Smoke - Blackened Valley By CAROL KENNEDY TREORCHY, Wales CP) -- The iil-starred Rhondda Valley is becoming green again as one after another the coal pits close, giving way to clean modern factories in a pattern being re- peated throughout South Wales. Once there were 60 pits in the Rhondda. Now there are six. The decline has come about partly through exhausted seams, but mainly for economic reasons and the state-run coal board's policy of concentrating the industry in fewer, larger and more profitable pits. In 10 years' time or less there may be no coal workings at all in the Y-shaped, 12-mile- long valley north, of Cardiff that before the Industrial Revolution was a miniature aipine beauty spot with a bracing climate, Novelist Richard Llewellyn in his best - selling tearjerker of 1939,. How Green Was My Val- ley, evoked the cruel early years of industrialization when smoke blackened the hillsides, endiess rows of mean houses spran up and children worked in the mines for pathetic wages. In the depression years, the Rhondda was one of the worst- hit areas in Britain. Today, as the river begin to run clean again and the small shop win- dows in the villages display such symbols of affluence as television sets and washing ma- chines, there are mixed feelings about the decline of the coal in- t the uprooting of from _ familiar dustry and mineworkers ruts, MINERS UNEASY Officials of the National Coal Board, which plans to close one- fifth of the 100 South Wales pits during the next five years--a scheme involving 10,000 workers --say the vast majority of men can be found jobs in other col- lieries, with the remainder. ab- sorbed by the new. light industries springing up in Wales. Inevitably, the picture different in the smoke - room of a mineworkers' union branch in the heart of the Rhondda, where the human problems involved in the pit cal sure looks filled The compared to 50 or 60 per cent in the average pit." IGNORED WARNINGS Scott sadly conceded the cle- was intransigent attitude of his "lads," warnings that they would have to work harder, ductivity and adapt to changes in the industry. Dare, which enjoyed a strong community spirit and was na- tionally band--which will continue--had a long tradition of militant trade be unionism dating from the 1930s, great currently facing the 'Welsh Office, administrative arm of in th coal, there partly due to the who ignored union increase pro- cent The Park and famous for its brass coal shutdown is the biggest headache the lo- them ment, labor force out of work years on end and some coal- fields suffering up to 70 per Today Wales lucky to produce 20,000,000 tons of coal a year, 57,000,000 tons in the peak year of 1913. Some pits today making a loss of £4 of £5 a ton on coal that retails for £10 or £11 a ton. ine lierie e early 1920s. Seams ran out and with ships going over to oil the world wanted less Between 1923 and 1939 was massive unemploy- with a steady third of the for unemployment. counts herself compared with 13 are said to coal board - subsidizes from. more profitable col- Ss, but their days are. num- closures come alive with Welsh eloquence. Transfer to a pit farther down the valley may mean another hour on the day in travelling. Older colliers, who perhaps have the dreaded coal dust in their lungs, may find it hard to get a new job at 55 or 60, Recently one of the Rhondda's biggest pits, the Park and Dare Collieries, closed because of heavy deficits. Some 600 men have to be found new jobs "It's a hell of a tragedy," said Will Scott, secretary of the local union branch. 'There's about 80 years of coal left in that seam. It's one of the rich est, thickest coalfaces in south Wales, with 80 per cent salable Whitehall which operates from an imposing piilared building in Cardiff. Bryn Evans, assistant secre- tary of the survey and develop- ment division, speculated that by 1971 probably half the Welsh pits would be closed and 10 years after that there might be only a dozen pits operating in Wales. Coal is: still the biggest single employer of Welsh labor, and six new pits have been sunk in south Wales, but the labor force has dipped to 60,000 from 270,- 600 in the boom years before the First World War, when huge docks were built' to accommo- date the big expori trade The industry began its decline i "duce bered. Steel, the industry, has shaped during other staple Welsh also been re- the last 20 years, with modernization leading to fewer and mare concentrated units, using new techniques Since. the Second World War the government has pursued a paiicy of "persuasion and in- sment'"' with grants and tax concessions to encourage indus- trialists to move to Wales from the overcrowded southeast cor- ner of England. The idea was picneered in 1936 with the first government - financed industrial estate Treforest, some five north of Cardiff, Similar estates were set up in other de- pressed areas of Britain, miles ir \ns| meh AcciDeN beet CANADA'S STORY THE IDES OF MARCH i) St. Pat's Day Threat By BOB BOWMAN Canada was threatened by in- vasion from the U.S.A. on St. Patrick's Day, 1866. Prime Min- ister John A. Macdonald called out the militia in Canada, while there were scenes like the ride of Paul Revere in New Bruns- wick along the border of Maine. During the night men on horse- back rode from door to door in every village calling out the Home Guard. The enemy was an Irish revo- lutionary organization called the Fenians. Its objective was to 'liberate' Canada from Brit- ain and have it become part of the U.S\A. It had loads of money; Appeals to Americans to "help'the dear old sod of Ireland', were very effective. It was a goed thing that they did not haver Bing Crosby singing for them/as he has been doing on radio stations today! The Fenians also had lots of battle-hardened troops. They twain were Irishmen who had gone to the U.S.A. to fight in the American Civil War. Many of them gathered in Portland, Maine, which caused the rumor that they would attack New Brunswick on St. Patrick's Day. Actually the Fenians did not attack what. is now Canada until June when they invaded the Niagara Peninsula, There were other aftacks on Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba. There was even # plan to mobilize an army in Aan Francisco and in- vade Bfitish Columbia. Fenians were easily re- pelled in every case because they were badly led. Its army had too many "generals" and "colonels". There weren't enough troops who were willing to be ordinary foot-slogging sol- diers. D'Arcy McGee, one of the Fathers of Confederation, was a former Irish revolutionary. He warned the House of Com- Tougher Policy Advocated In U.K. On Subsidized Rent LONDON (CP)--Should the taxpayer have to help pay the rent for a man who owns a $5,000 sports car or another who is worth nearly $100,000? The answer is no, says Hous- ing Minister Richard Cross- man. But Crossman's simple an- swer is not likely to change the situation overnight. Of all the Britons who live in public housing--and they are many--the plain fact is that some pay rents which cover the cost of their accommodation and some don't. Among those who don't pay the full shot are a few who could. They may have moved into a publicly-owned house or apartment when nel income was low and later strutk it rich, or their local housing authority may not have inquired too closely about their income in the first place. In either case, the taxpayer or their fellow tenants must make up the difference in rent. Crossman feels the municipal councils can afford to get tough with the wealthy tenants who live on subsidized rents. He indicated recently that he wouldn't object to seeing the wealthy being charged more than their housing is worth, since it might induce them to move and free the public hous- ing for needy families. SHUN MEANS TEST Even more practical, he be- lieves, is the need for municipal authorities to establish a basic rental formula in line with the cost of providing public housing. Then it could give rebates to those who can't afford the stand- ard charge But neither Crossman nor any other 'housing minister, labor or Conservative, is ever likely to plug for the simplest method of controlling tenants -- a means test For one thing, would have to be applied to take account of changes in a family's income. For another it would be political suicide, given the voters' deep- rooted prejudice against means test The whole que arose after a number of cases came to light of well-to-do people such a test continuously slion xX living in low-rent public housing. One man, a 47-year-old movie art director, earns an estimated $300 a week, drives a sleek sports car and has a smaller house in Ealing, Middlesex. Another man, just past retire- ment age, estimates he is worth nearly $100,000 through owner- ship of a ceiling-tile factory and three builders' supply shops. He pays little "more than $30 a month for a three - bedroom home in Dartford, Kent. POPULAR WAY TO LIVE Another man who lives. in a $30-a-month home in Stockport, Cheshire, is busy building $18,- 000 homes for sale in a more exclusive part of fown. A Lon- don widow, who collects rent from 12 apartments in two buildings she owns, lives herself in a $45-a-month council flat. The problem: strikes at the heart of one of the common- places of the British landscape --the council house, Almost one family in every three in the United Kingdom lives in a house or apartment owned by a mu- nicipal council or housing au- thority. In Scotland, half the population lives in public hous- ing. And the rate has increased drastically since the gar. Nearly two-thirds of all housing built since 1945 has been put up by public authorities. Since local councils generally decide their own policy on hous- ing, there are almost as many policies as there are. councils, Some attempt to make the hous- ing pay its way, others use huge subsidies from tax funds. The national government sub- sidizes the construction of pub- lic housing to some extent and some councils subsidize it still further. Rents vary widely and have generally been rising in recent years. In the Greater London area, the range is from a low of $325 a year--for a single room in a 7d-year-old building--to $1,200 a year for a five-room apartment in a modern, cen- trally heated building. But even announced rental rates can be deceptive, since a family in. a $50-a-month. apart- ment or house may get part of the rent refunded if its income is low. mons that the Fenians were planning to invade, and reveal- ed that there were secret 'cells', along both sides of the border. He was murdered soon after by a Fenian who shot him as he was entering his boarding house in Ottawa, OTHER EVENTS MARCH 17: 1766--British parliament repeal- ed the Stamp Act 1776--British forces left Boston for Halifax after General Washington seized Dor- chester Heights in a night attack 1800---Philomen Wright arrived at site of Hull, Quebec, and pioneered lumber in- dustry 1810--First issue of Ontario "News" 1816--Hudson's Bay Company traders destroyed Fort Gibralter, a post of the Northwest Company 1845--St. Lawrence - Atlantic Railway chartered 1866--U.S.A. terminated recip- rocol trade agreement with Canada 1885--Metis formed a provision- al government at Botoche with Riel as President, as they had done at Red River in 1870 1907--Royal Commission ap- pointed to investigate the Civil Service 1955--Suspension of Maurice Richard from hockey caused riot at Montreal 1959--Death of Dr, _ Sidney Smith, Minister of Ex- ternal Affairs Kingston, TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS March 17, 1966... The United States govern- ment ended reciprocal tariff concessions for Canadian trade 100 years ago today -- in 1866--a month after Ca- nadian fishing concessions to Americans ended. Popu- lar when it was arranged in 1854, reciprocity came to be looked on by. the Americans as unfair when Britain traded freely with the Con- federate states during the U.S. Civil War, and agita- tion from industrialists led to its being terminated. Ca- nadian politicians tried throughout the rest of. the 19th century to restore reciprocity, but without suc- cess 1776 --British regiments evacuated Boston after a siege. 1891 -- 574 people aboard the Utopia were drowned after a collision off Gibral- tar. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1916--the Russians, began an offensive south of Dvinsk to relieve pressure on Verdun; Italian units launched heavy attacks on Austrian lines in the Tolmino sector. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1941--Royal Navy units sank three German submarines in one day; Brit- ish naval aircraft torpedoed an Italian cruiser off Al bania: British and Indian troops took strategic heights overlooking Cheren, Ethi- opia. QUEEN'S PARK Front Row Rank Rated By Oliver By DON 0'HEARN TORONTO---In the front tow of the Liberal benches here ts a solid, stolid and familiar fig. ure. ' Farquhar Oliver has been sit: ting in the House for 40 years, first under the banner of the United Farmers of Ontario but mainly as.a Liberal. And during most of this re- markahle record of service, Mr. Oliver has been in the front row: As cabinet minister, three times leader of his party; and now as a veteran sage. © Recently Liberal Leader An- drew Thompson spoke to a party group. In the speech he taiked with pride of party reforme, includ- ing this comment: "Just look at the people who are helping at Queen's Park. Liberal students from Ryerson come in five days a week to help us with the radio service. "University Liberals are pro- viding some of our caucus cri- tics with parliamentary assist- ants. "Young Liberals come into the office to help with news- paper clipping, filing and re- search, NON-PARTISAN HELP "More than 100 other party people . . . and some who do not belong to the party ... are helping to build up a policy platform."' This brings an immediate re- action to the observer; "Gee whiz." And you have to wonder what Mr. Oliver thinks. This veteran is one of the last of the old pros around here, and in provincial politics in On- tario. And when Mr. Thompson says proudly--as he essentially. did-- that his team has an excep- tional number of bat boys, does he perhaps not hunger for earl- ier days when politicians will of the people, and didn't have to take 1.B.M. surveys to find out how they felt. And does he recall when political party be- liefs were separate and clear- cut and not a stampede where everybody tries to get there first with the most? Mr. Oliver, of course, is still young as the life of politicians goes. Despite 40 years in the House he is only 62. He remains one of the most commanding figures.in the chamber. He is one man who is sure of an attentive audience any time he speaks, He probably has many years to carry on, but you begin to wonder if he has the desire to continue, When he sees the people around him and their efforts to build a party he might be re- minded of children with a tinker-toy--of people trying to build a house whose only ex- perience has been with build- ing blocks. YEARS AGO 15 YEARS AGO March 17, 1951 John Willis of 310 Byron street north celebrates his 93rd birthday. He was one of the first graduates of the Ontario Agriculture College. Dr. C.'J. Mackenzie, presi- dent of the National Research Council, will be the guest speak- er this week at the newly- organized South Ontario Cana- dian Club. 30 YEARS AGO March 17, 1936 C. W. Kirkpatrick, of . the Service Engineering Depart- ment of General Motors, was in Toronto today to address police department officers in the latest safety developments in automobile headlights. Don Henshaw of Toronto, pro- gram director of the Canadian Radio Commission, will be the guest speaker this week at a dinner-meeting of the Simcoe Street United Church Brother- hood group. Enjoy anew mellow white cocktail wine ' & JORDAN TOPAZ JORDAN WINES ore