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She Os Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T, L. Wilson, Publisher WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 11, 1965 -- PAGE 4 Time Of Testing Nears For Ont. Liberal Leader The next few weeks are seen as a time of testing for Ontario Liberal leader Andrew Thompson. The cli- 'max will come in the voting in two provincial by-elections September 16. At stake are the metro riding of Bracondale,.a narrow strip running north from the lake through Toron- to's Italian section, and the Nipis- sing seat up north. The seats were held previously by relatively narrow margins and close contests are ex- pected in both. The present standing in the legis- Jature shows the Conservatives with a preponderance. of power. They have 77 seats. The Liberals have 21 and the New Democrats, eight. The results of the by-elections can cer- tainly not cause even a ripple in that balance. They can, however, blow up quite a storm for the still new-- and in the vote-getting field, un- tried, Liberal leadership. Mr. Thompson worked hard dur- ing the last session, waxing loud and long on most every issue, yet the consensus of Queen's Park ob- servers was that he was generally ineffective. The chairman-of-the- board demeanor of Premier Robarts remained unruffled. The medicare bill was the most contentious. As a campaign issue it has been sapped of potential by the general agree- ment in principle by Ontario to the federal program. In other areas of legislation, particularly education, the. Robarts government has gar- nered popular support. With the "blitz" tactics it has de- veloped so successfully, the New Democratic Party could become a substantial force too. By flooding the riding with volunteer campaign- ers, the socialists achieved a tremen- dous upset last September in River- dale. A repeat of this organizational feat could add to Mr. Thompson's problems. A great deal, of course, will de- pend on the choice of candidates. The Liberals are expected to field men who have fared well in civic politics in both ridings. In Bracon- dale, the candidate is a former Metro alderman. In Nipissing, a former North Bay deputy-mayor who top- ped the civic election polls is the likely standard bearer. With all factors considered, the spotlight will still be full.on Liberal leader Thompson. If he succeeds to achieving two victories, the "time for a change" promotion by Liberals will gain impetus. If he wins one, his leadership will be questioned. If neither should go Liberal, the party will undoubtedly resume its search for a provincial leader. 'Instant Trees Hold Hope News of a project developed by terprising Britishers may serve to allay the fears of those who see the Creek Valley bereft of trees should the proposed expressway go through. To the vogue of instant tea, instant potatoes, instant pud- dings and instant cement, they have added instant tree. Britain's largest private forestry organization, the Economic Fores- 'try Group, has developed the tech- 'nique to save schools, highways, and housing tracts from the long 'wait while a sapling grows to a 'shady tree. The group has sites strategically placed through the country where it grows trees to semi-maturity and carries out soil analyses and special pruning. These "farms" produce She Oshawa Times T LL. WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Manager C. 4. MeCONECHY Editor The Oshawa Times comb! The Oshawa Times established 1871) and the Whitby Gazette and .Chronicio established 1863) 's published daily Sundays and Stetutory holidays excepted) Members of Canadien Daily Newspaper Publish- erm Association. The Canadien Press, Audit Bureou .of Suction ont te Ontario Provincial Dailies is entitled to the use of republication ot al! news hed in the credited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and olso the tocol news published therein All rights of special des py trees patches ore also Gftices:, Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontorio; 640 Cothcert Street, Montrec! P.Q SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpoo! Tounton, tyrone, Dunhorton, Enniskillen, Grono, Leskord, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester. Pontypocl, and Newcastle not over SOc, per week. By mail in Province of Ontario outside carrier delivery oreo, $15.00 per year. Other provinces end Commonwealth Countries, $18.00 per yeor. U.S.A. and foreign $27.00 per year, whose roots are confined to a man- ageable and transplantable ball even when they are 30 feet tall. Archi- tects and landscape planners can produce buildings ready;equipped with shady arbors. The trees are too big and strong for idle vandal- ism to destroy, and farmers can get instant windbreaks to protect their soil, The word from Britain is that the Forestry Group has sent emissaries to France in an endeavor to spread the "instant tree" to the continent and still further expansion is. antic- ipated. At the rate a proposed ex- pressway has moved toward reality in Oshawa over the years, instant tree farms may be established in the country before the bulldozers move onto the job. Whatever the route chosen, the city's landscaper will be on hand to decide where and if the trees are needed, Other Editors' Views PARLIAMENTARY REFORM Why should it be assumed that members of Parliament cannot be expected to comprehend rational argument until after they have lunched? If MPs could brace them- selves, even occasionally, for the shock of meeting one another face- to-face shortly after breakfast, they would have less cause to be heroic in the middle of the night. --Manchester Guardian Weekly By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON. (AP) -- Re- publicans in Congress are be- ginning to look like a begga thanks to their own lack of di- rection, the heavy weight. of President Johnson's performs ance and the huge Democratic majority. But even nationally they haven't recovered yet from the divisions which plagued them in 1964. and the. political catastro- phe which overwhelmed them in last November's elections. They have only 141 out of 435 seats in the House of Repre- sentatives, 32 of 100 seats in the Senate, and 17 of 50 governor- ships. And there's no reason. to think they will improve their fortunes much in the 1968 elece tions, After the Republican national committee met two days this summer, Bliss said the members were not informed' about the party's chances "'but we honestly be- lieve we can make gains," KEEPS UP PACE Meanwhile Johnson, luckily free of unpredictable difficulties at home such as an economic downturn or paralyzing strikes, has been-setting an astonishing pace, His performance in ramming through the Democratic - run Congress what he wants, par- ticularly medical care for peo- ple 65 and older, makes even President Franklin D, Roosevelt look sluggish. Unless Johnson's luck at home turns sour or he suffers dis- asters in foreign affairs, it's hard to see how the Republic- ans can better themselves much in 1966. There is, of course, the ques- tion; Can Johnson keep it up? He has no doubts he can. Just Monday he disclosed a plan to chart ambitious goals for the country. 'We must advance daily or we will fail eternally," he said. Looking ahead to the 1968 presidential race, no single Re- publican is a standout for the nomination, although the next three years might produce one. Senator Barry Goldwater, after what happened to him last year, is out of presidential con- sideration. He intends to run for the Senate in 1968 but not one of his top men who ran his presidential campaign in 1964 retains a command party posi- tion. Nevertheless, the highly con- servative Republicans who think like Goldwater are a_ strong force in the party. Goldwater heads a recently-formed con- servative organization--the Free Society Association -- which he said would be academic and educational in makeup and goals. The society, he said, would launch a "crusade of political education" in the principles of conservatism. But Bliss said the Goldwater group would hamper his quest for unity and money to rebuild the battered party. "Whenever you have splinter groups," he said, "they don't assist in unit- ing us." $1,004,000,000 Seen Outstanding OTTAWA (CP)--Sales finance companies reported $1,004,000,- 000 outstanding on consumer goods purchases at the end of May, topping the billion-dollar mark for the first time, the bu- reau of statistics reported to- day. The total compared to $979,- 000,000 on the books at the end of April and $934,000,000 in May of last year. The same companies also re- ported an outstanding balance of $612,000,000 owing on pur- chases of commercial goods. Personal unsecured loans by the banks stood at .$1,960,000,- 000 at the end of May, up 22 per cent in a year. Fully se- cured loans were up 20 per cent at $502,000,000. Small loans companies re- ported $895,000,000 outstanding on cash loans, up 15 per cent from May of 1964, and $61,000,- 000 outstanding on instalment credit, up 24 per cent. Department stores at the same time were carrying $468,- 000,000 worth of credit on their books, a 12-per-cent gain over the year. chairman Ray C,' RAIDS FROM ALL SIDES During August and September of 1940, a small band of British fighter pilots faced hundreds of raids by Ta Gprrnnme asserts tc cf YEARS AGO 25 YEARS AGO Aug. 11, 1940 The last remnants of the car barns, freight sheds and offices of the Oshawa Railway Com- pany, corner of Simcoe and Athol sts., were torn down, nny ENN Ross MacKinnon, former ex- ecutive of GMC and later vice- president and general manager of Fleury Bissell Co., Elora, died. 40 YEARS AGO Aug. U1, 1925 Gerald Kennedy defeated George Evans to capture the Cowan Trophy at the Oshawa Golf Club. The Lake Ontario water level dropped from a normal 247 feet to a record low 4 245 feet and three inches ac- ording to City Engineer W. C. Smith. : POINTED PARAGRAPHS The temper of people is be- coming such that an increasing number of them not only will fight at the drop of a hat, but they'll start slugging before the hat hits the ground. Recent hell-raising shows that gas and beer form 2 particu- larly dangerous mixture when the former is consumed by mo- torcycles and the latter by youths, It is estimated that of each 1,000 books people take with themand plan to read while vacationing, 17 are read. "Mary Astor would rather write than play scripts she doesn't like, so she sits on her 300 feet of Malibu beach front- age and does just that." -- Holly- wood item. One expects women to be 'considerably affected by middle-age spread, but this is ridiculous. BIBLE This spake he, signifying by what death he should glorify God. And when he had spoken this, he saith unto him: Follow me. -- John 21:19 Every affection, if true and not mere sentiment, is eager to do and give on behalf of the loved one. mae RRR Peer oer oNMMTIN PEER oR, WASHINGTON CALLIN mem pena cum BY WALT McDAYTER To See America, Look Behind Billboard EDITOR'S NOTE: Gordon Donaldson is on vacation. In the meantime, we are substituting this article by Walt McDayter, written ex- clusively for Washington Calling. By WALT McDAYTER If the "See America First" campaign turns. out to be a flop in the United States, it will be because countless motorists went looking for it, but couldn't find it. The United States is without doubt a beautiful country, but the problem is that people have to peek behind a billboard to see it To the motorist, America is an unknown country, a nation lost behind an unpenetrable screen of signs, auto junkyards, hamburger diners, and greasy- walled gasoline stations , And it is an irony, perhaps, 'Yat the biggest blemish on the highways and byways is caused by cars themselves, old and rusting cars piled high like metal corpses in .e .countless auto graveyards that assault the drivers' eye everywhere STARTLING (£€"ATISTICS The statisties--on junkyards are startling, compared to the isolated yards familiar to Can- ada. In North Carolina, a motor- ist will come upon one junkyard for each 4% miles of m-in highway he travels. In Connecti- cut and New Jersey, there is one car graveyard for every 14 miles. - It is no wonder, then, that President Johnson has proposed legislation that would remove some of the ugliness from the roads. Essentially, it is the Johnson Administration's hope that they will be able to reduce the number of billboards and junkyards within 1,000 feet of main highways, In addition "Vashington ho,-s to put the pressure on the vari- ous states to build more sec- ondary roads, which would leis- urely weave their way past scenic farmlands and unhidden woodlands. MONEY TALKS And with the viewpoint that money talks, Johnson is telling the states that these improved roads will not only encourage Americans to take motoring vacations across their own country, but it would also at- tract foreign: tourists to the highways. Money spent in the U.S by tourists, Johnson argues, would improve the critical balance-of-payment problem. To put some teeth into his proposal, Johnson has warned the states that he will withhold federal funds to all states. re- fusing to comply. With or without state co-oper- ation, however, Johnson's plan ta clean up the highways would be assured of substantial success, since it is the federal Govern- ment that picks up the tab for the major share of costs for America's 260,000 miles of high- way. The danger lies not in resis- tance from the states, but from lobbying of scrap and junk dealers, and the well-heeled out- door advertising industry. Needless to say, the adver- tising magnates would much prefer to see motorists staring at billboards than at open countryside. And they are doing toeir utmost to recruit congressmen to their side, to put the thumbs down on Johnson's Highway Beautification Scheme If their lobbying is successful, the United States will remain a nation easy t find on a map, but almost impossible to see from a highway. the German Luftwaffe in the Second World War's Battle of Britain. Map shows how the German bombers raided England from all sides on 4 15, the heaviest August attack of the battle, with air fleets from Norway, Den- mark, northern Franee and Brittany. --(CP Newsmap) Cultural Agreement Likely Between Canada, Belgium By RUSSELL ELMAN BRUSSELS (CP) -- Canada and Belgium, which share French as part of their bicul- tural heritage, may negotiate a cultural agreement. Preliminary soundings are understood to have been initi- ated, although both Belgian and Canadian spokesmen underline that nothing definite has been decided. A Belgian official suggested privately a formal accord would enhance the effectiveness of ex- isting arrangements under the Canadian government's cultural exchange program with French- speaking countries. The exchange program, enter- ing its second year of operation and administered by the Canada Council, at present offers $250,- 000 a year in graduate - level scholarships for study in Can- ada to the French, Belgians and Swiss in an effort to build up Canada's image abroad as a French- as well as an English- speaking country. Belgium was allocated seven of the 40 scholarships in the 1964-65 academic year, but this year officials have managed to Stretch the same amount of money to provide for 13 awards, Further increases and also pos- sible exchanges of musical, dra- matic and artistic ventures are hoped for following External Af- fairs Minister Martin's recent announcement that the cultural exchange program will be boosted to $1,000,000 a year. Because Belgium itself is bi- lingual, the Canadian program has acquired a Flemish accent by opening its doors to the Flemish-speaking majority on an equal basis with the country's French-speaking (Walloon) ma- jority. A suggestion that Flem- ish candidates be allowed to at- tend 7: French-language insti- tutions in Canada was quickly dropped. Of the 13 Belgians who will study in Canada this fall, four are Flemish and two others have Flemish names but are French- speaking. Two of the Flemish award winners will go to Eng- lish - language universities; in 1964-65 a Flemish civil servant in the education ministry stud- jed psychology as applied to sport at the University of Al- berta. Some of Belgium's French- speaking winners have also cho- sen English-language universi- ties, studying subjects such as international law at the Univer- sity of Toronto. Most of the scholarships, however, are used at the bilingual or French-lan- gas universities, of Ottawa, ontreal, Sherbrooke and Laval. Competition for the scholar- ships, worth from $250 to $600 a month plus an Air Canada re- turn ticket, is announced each fall and is attracting a steadily increasing number of applicants of high standard, What Advantage Majority If Election Splits Country? Montreal La Presse--Would it be good for the country as well as for the Liberal party if federal elections were held before the end of the year? It would be difficult to give a simple yes or no answer to this double-barrelled questi Understandably Mr. Pear- son has been hesitating before taking the irrevocable decis- sion, which rumors say is due soon. Even if the Liberals ob- tain the parliamentary major- ity they've lacked these last two years, would that be an advantage if such an early election left the country split? As far as we're concerned, that's the principal question the government planners should answer before pushing their party into the big adven- ture. And anyway is it an ab- solutely sure thing that the Pearson party would win an early election? . . The Liberals enjoy certain advantages, The most import- ant seems to be the divisions and wounds that afflict the opposition parties, especially the Conservatives. The Tories would be forced to enter bat- tle under a leader who sym- bolizes disunion and who no longer serves a useful purp- ose. A quick election also would be to the disadvantage of the New Democratic Party, which would have no time to organize for a nationwide bat- tle and once more would come out a loser in Quebec. At the same time, before taking the electoral plunge, the Liberals should measure as best they can the impact of the Rivard affair and the Dorion report or their for- tunes in various parts of the country. There is every reason for thinking that such a stock-taking would yield them some disagreeable sur- prises, disagreeable enough to cause them to postpone the election at least until next year.--Cyrille Felteau, TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Aug, 11, 1965... The Allies 'accepted the surrender of Japan 20 years ago today--in 1945--and the Second World War was over, For Japan it was the end of a generation of con- quest which began on the mainland of China and reached to the Solomon Is- lands and the borders of India. Records of the casu- alties of the Second World War will never be complete because population records were not kept in many parts of Asia, However one indi- cation of the devastation is that half the ships of the whole world, weighing 100 tons or more, were sunk. in six years of war 1900 -- King Victor 'Em- manuel II ascended the Ital- jan throne. 1950--Prince Baudoin be- came regent of Belgium in his father's place. First World War. Fifty years ago today--in 1915--an Austrian submar- ine was sunk with all hands in the Adriatic; the east- ward German advance neared the Vilna-Petrograd railway. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1940 -- Portsmouth underwent the first concen- trated air raid of the Battle of Britain; the RAF claimed 65 German aircraft shot down for the loss of 29; the loss of HMS Ali El-Kebir with 120 men was an- nounced; Italian forces ad- vanced into Kenya and Brit- ish Somaliland and bombed Aden. "system. and heroic. maintenance crews plus. such intangibles as _ Chure! oratory and the _ united spirit 'tion. of an embattled na- _ But most of all they were helped by a spectacular series of errors and miscalculations by the German high command. There are dozens of reasons given for the German mistakes but the three most important appear to be the poor or non- existent intelligence reports on which the decisions were taken, a tendency to believe their own highly exaggerated combat claims and a fundamental in- ability to understand the British character. The first error was to give the RAF a five - week respite after the fall of France. Dur- ing this period the Luftwaffe re- stricted its operations to rela- tively small attacks against coastal and shipping targets. TIME TO TEST This gave the RAF time to brace itself and a heaven-sent opportunity to test and perfect its radar interception system before the full fury of the en- emy was hurled against it. The second stage of the bat- tle, aimed at the systematic de- struction of the RAF itself un- der Hitler's famous War Direc- tive No, 16, was originally scheduled to begin in early Au- gust but was postponed until Aug. 13 by bad weather. Goering assured his leader that the RAF would be beaten 'within two or three weeks" of "Adler Tag'--Eagle Day--and the invasion fleet gathering in the channel ports could then put to sea. RAF Stubborn flotten 3 in Brittany, Luftflotten 2 in northern France and the Lowlands and Luftflotten 5§ based in Denmark and Norway. Beginning at 11:30 a.m. five major assaults -- a total of nearly 1,800 aircraft -- were hurled at British targets as far apart as Southampton and York- shire. All da the coasts like moving stair- cases of death and time and again the "vics" of Spitfires and Hurricanes clawed their way up to meet them. In the north the Norway- based aircraft, bi bulk. of the Britis® fighters had been shifted south, were jumped by four fresh squadrons of Spit- fires and slaughtered. Only a handful of bom bers reached their Tyneside targets, It was the first and last time Goering used Luftflotten 5 on daylight raids, In the south the Germans damaged eight RAF stations and hit two aircraft factories but the successes were paltry in relation to the size of the oper- ation mounted, The ins lost 76 aircraft; the RAN eat $4. Refusal To Quit Forced Nazis To Alter Tactics With varying intensity the German attacks on RAF in- stallations continued throughout August and into September. There was only one day be- tween Aug. 24 and Sept. 6 on which the Luftwaffe launched fewer than 600 sorties. The RAF's stubborn refusal to fold up its wings forced the Germans to change tactics. Es- corting fighters were tied even closer to bomber formations. The Junkers 87 -- the dreaded Stuka dive - bombers that had blazed trails of destruc tion through Poland and France-- were withdrawn from the fray entirely because of their heavy losses. But the toll was telling on the RAF too. Men and machines were being worn down by the steady attrition. Although Fighter Command was inflicting losses of two or three to one on the Germans, simple arithme- tic showed the RAF would reach the end of its resources before the Luftwaffe did. Continuous attacks on RAF sector stations such as Biggin Hill, North Weald and Tang: mere nearly wrecked the Brit- ish communications system, particularly since many of the control rooms were above ground. At one point the defence of Britain hung precariously on a single telephone line. ATTACKED LONDON By Sept. 1; the RAF was within a few days of a planned withdrawal to air bases north of London and out of range of es- corting Messerschmitts, Then Hitler came to the res- cue again, Apparently galled by an RAF bomber attack on Ber- lin, he ordered the Luftwaffe attacks to be switched from the battered RAF bases to London. Hitler was probably motivated by something more than pure spite. The vast, inviting and vulnerable bulk of London was a military target and the RAF had to-defend it. Hitler, believ- ing the RAF beaten, may have decided that a -final hammer blow on the British capital would be enough to make Win- for ce. ston Churchill sue pea gs Whatever the reason the decision, the switch to Lon- don was the fateful, fatal cob- bler's nail that cost Hitler the battle and eventually the war. The-attack on London opened in the late afternoon of Satur- day, Sept. 7 with a heavy and successful attack on Eas End. The docks and riverside dwellings were badly damaged and warehouses set ablaze from - Greenwich to London Bridge. Encouraging for Goering, de- spite German losses of 40 air- craft to Britain's 28. PALACE BOMBED : In the next few days single aircraft scored hits on the Ad- miralty, the War Offi and Buckingham Palace. Mean- while, guided by flames left from the day.attacks, Luftwaffe bombers. began lumbering in under cover of darkness and relative safety from intercep- The Blitz had started and mdoners were me to show they could "take it." It was no: longer a battle against the British air force but against the British people: Now convinced the RAF was t ganized and, above already begin- on the run, the Germans mounted a classic "set-piece" opetation on Sunday, Sept. Battle of Britain day. The waffe flew more 1, sorties but by this RAF had realized the change German tactics and was -- ized to meet the challenge. bombers got through and Germans 56 planes to the RAF's 26. The result stunned the waffe commanders. The not only continued to exist but was fighting with strength. With the pressure their home bases, Hurricane . Hy sti 4 Z mony--the Hurricane breakin up the bomber formations a: the speedier Spitfires holding off the escorting fighters. SHORT OF FIGHTERS Already Goering was finding it impossible to use all his avail- able bombers because he didn't have enough fighters to protect them, Ne'r again was a Ger- man daylight raid of any size able to penetrate the London defences and although the fight- ing continued into October, the battle was won on Sept. 15. The crisis had not passed without an eloquent observer. At the peak of 'the fighting on the 15th, Churchill was standing in 11 Group headquarters--a grave and silent figure until he noticed that all available fight- ers were either in the air or being refuelled. "What other reserves have we?" he-asked the group's com- mander, Air Vice-Marshal K. R. Park. "There are none," Park ree plied. But the defence stood firm and it was on his way back to Chequers in his car that Churchill mulled over a phrase at once so simple and so proud that Britons have never found it necessary to erect any other monument: "Never before in the history of human conflict has so muck been. owed by so many to se Iw." e When Goering's veterans of Spain, Poland and France took off against England countered for the first air force that was gg 3 afraid of it."