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-- The Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher SATURDAY, MAY 1, 1965 -- PAGE 4 Navy Veterans Regret Passing Of White Ensign The members of the Osh- awa Naval Veterans' Association are loyally complying with the ac- tions of parliament and the issuing of a royal proclamation making the red maple leaf flag the new official flag of Canada: It will be with re- gret that they will see the passing of the white ensign, which for 50 years has been the official flag of the Royal Canadian Navy. The passing of the old flag and the raising of the new is to be for- mally observed at ceremonies to be held at the city's war memorial to- morrow, linked up with a special service to commemorate the Battle of the Atlantic. This will be fol- lowed by a service in front of the Naval Veterans Club-house, at which the white ensign will be re- tired, and the new Canadian flag hoisted to the jackstaff. It will be with nostalgic feelings that those veterans of the Royal Canadian Navy will see the passing of the flag under which they have served in the desperate days of war and in the years of peace. The white ensign is a flag which has be- hind it centuries of British and Em- pire naval history. It is the flag which flew at Trafalgar on Octo- ber 1, 1915, when Lord Nelson won his great victory over the fleet of Napoleon, and in doing so gave his life for his country. Oshawa naval veterans will re- member with pride their fellow- sailors who also gave their lives serving under the white ensign. They will honor the new maple leaf flag as loyal Canadian citizens, although that flag has yet to earn the traditions which surrounded the old one. And it is the hope and prayer of al] old navy veterans that it will never have to be flown into battle in another war. They are content to rest on the laurels won under the white ensign, and to re- gard it as the flag under which all of their wartime service to their country was given. U.N. As Force For Peace Lord Caradon, permanent repre- sentative of the United Kingdom at the United Nations, in a press con- ference in Toronto, gave a new con- ception of the value of that organi- zation as a force for the mainten- ance of world peace. He pointed out that the peace-keeping activi- ties of the U.N. are not confined to the sessions of the security coun- cil and the genera] assembly. Even more important is the fact, often overlooked, that 80 per.cent of the funds disbursed by the United Na- tions are devoted to economic de- velopment and the raising of living standards in the undeveloped na- tions. In the opinion of Lord Saradon, the greatest sources of danger to the human race are racia! antipa- thies and the world population ex- plosion. In both of these fields, the United Nations has a well- established program. This is car- She Oshawa Simes T. L. WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Manager C. J. MeCONECHY Editer The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times established 1871) and the Whitby Gazette and Chronicle established 1863) is published daily Sundays end Statutory holidays excepted) 2 of Caned Daily Publish @rs Association. The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau oe and the Onterio Provincia! Dailies jation. The Canadian Press. is exclusively entitled to the use of republication of al! news despatched in the paper credited to it er te The Associated Press or Reuters, and alse the (oce! mews published therein. All rights of epecial des patches are also reserved ices: mason Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Onterio; 640 Cathcert Street, Montreal, P. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby. Ajex, Pickering, Bowmanville Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hempton, Frenchmen's Bay, Liverpeo!, Taunton, Tyrone Ounbarton, Enniskillen, Orono, Leskord, Brougham Burketon Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood, Kinsole Ragion, Blackstock. Manchester Pontypool end Newcastle mot over SOc per week By mail in Province of Onterio) outside carriers delivery areas 12.00 per yeeor. Provinces and Commonwealth Countries 15.00. U'S.A. ond foreign 2400 x ried on through such agencies as the World Health Organization, the World Food and Agricultural Association and the United Na- tions Social, Educational and Cul- tural Organization. Through these bodies, which work quietly but effectively, and without the dissension and strife which mark sessions of the general assembly and security council, pro- grams are being carried on for edu- cation in public health, contro! of population and the meditation of racial conflicts. All of these activities are car- ried on under the charter of the United Nations, and they have been. more effective in raising liv- ing standards in conditions in the Have-not countries than any of the arguments in assembly sessions. Behind them is the determination to remove causes of unrest and dis- cord between the nations of the world, and while at times the re- sults must sometimes seem inade- quate and discouraging, steady progress is being made towards the goals of ensuring food, shelter and clothing to the underprivileged peoples of the world. Other Editors' Views MOONLIGHTERS (London Free Press) The U.S. Bureau of Statistics points out that there are almost as many Americans with two jobs as there are with none. The bureau doubts that many of the jobless are kept out of work by these '"moon- lighters" or that if the latter' gave up their jobs, most of which are at odd hours, there would be any signi- ficant increase in employment. YEARS AGO 25 YEARS AGO May 1, 1940 Reginald B. Smith, Oshawa Railway employee, who rescued six-year-old Donald Hayes from drowning in Oshawa Harbor, received recognition by the Royal Canadian Humane §So- ciety. Oshawa Generals, Memorial Cup Champions for the second successive year, were given & royal homecoming reception after returning from Winnipeg. Between 30 and 35 single un- employed were dropped from the Oshawa Welfare rélief lists, 40 YEARS AGO May 1, 1925 W. J. Trick Company was awarded the contract for a néw school in Westmount, cost- ing approximately $60,000 Cecil Bint was elected prest- dent of South Oshawa Metho- dist Church Young People's League. Miss Ruth Hall, student of the Oshawa Business College, re- ceived the Gold Medal Award for efficiency. MAC'S MUSINGS One had only Good look at Being done in Splendid Boys' Recognize how fortunate This city is in having So splendid an antidote To juvenile delinquency. to take a the work Oshawa's Club to The host of activities, In-which hundreds of Oshawa"s boys take part Have one great end, and That is to provide them With useful, body-building And health and character Giving recreation, in Which they have the benefit Of splendid leadership These are things" which Keep all these Oshawa Boys so busily engaged That they have no time Or inclination to drop Into actions and habits That would bring them Into trouble with the Forces of law and order The result of all this Is seen in the fact that Oshawa's record of low Incidence of juvenile. Delinquency is one of Which the people of this City can well be proud, And much of the credit For this must go to those Who made possible the Operation of the Simcoe Hall Boys BIBLE "Behold I stand at the door and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door I will come in to him, and wil! sup with him and he with me." Revelation 3:20 If there is no answer, Christ will turn away perhaps never to call again. Let Him through the door of your troubled and strife ridden life with His peace that "'passeth all understand- ing, that the world cannot give neither can it' take away." POINTED PARAGRAPHS pondering on Club, Authorities are what kind of a health warning to put on packages of cigar ettes. Why not the skull and cross-bones? Some people say it is bad for a child to see its father wash ing dishes With which, no doubt, the fathers will unani mously agree. The reporter who writes "the car went out of control on a curve" blames the car for what the driver did OTTAWA REPORT THE DOORSTOP BLOCKS THE DOORWAY Weather And Diversions Key To Great Lake Level GWYN KINSEY Special to The Oshawa Times (Second of a series of four) TORONTO The Interna- tional Joint Commission will hold a public hearing on Great Lakes water levels here on May 10, Toronto politicians would like to complain to the LIC about Chicago's "water steal". Chicago draws water from Lake Michigan to flush out its sewage-laden river and canal But most Great Lakes experts agree that, while the Chicago draw-off has some effect on total flow through Lake Huron into the lower lakes system, it is not one of the more signifi- cant factors affecting the levels VARIATION FACTORS Hydro vice-chairman R. J. Boyer told the Ontario Legisla- ture As for the factors causing level variations, study and analysis have resulted in these conclusions "Variations in precipitation and evaporation are the main factors causing fluctuations in lake levels, but there is no evi- dence to date of permanent changes in these factors "Other factors, including di- versions, while affecting water levels, have had a relatively small effect on the total varia- tion "It is now understood that the effect of dredging during the past 60 years in the Lake Huron outlet channels -- that is, in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers - has lowered the levels of Lakes Huron and Michigan between eight and 11 inches. In the pres- ent very low supply period this has contributed to levels below any previously recorded."' Records going back as fat as 1860 show that all the. lake levels vary in irregular, 'long- term cycles, but there has been little change in the progressive mean annual level of the lakes By except Michigan-Huron, which has fallen considerably BIG VILLAINS The weather and the man- made channels in the St. Clair emerge as the big villants of the piece. The weather can't be - controlled, "but the flow from REMEMBER WHEN Oshawa Small Town When First Cars Built By M. McINTYRE HOOD Oshawa had no paved streets, Sir Wilfred Laurier was prime minister of Canada, bacon was 12 cents a pound and people were singing "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" in 1908 when the.General Motors Corporation came into existence Nearly 200 McLaughlin-Buick cars were turned out in the first year of production, and they became an instant success. Automobile racing was just be- coming the rage, and McLaugh- lin-Buicks cleaned up many events on Canada's dirt tracks, In one championship race, Driver Bob Burman drove five miles in six minutes, 23 seconds to win the title In 1910, Oshawa's first strip of paved road, 1,000 feet of King street, from Mary street to Divi- sion street was a year old. R. S. McLaughlin was elected a direc- tor of General Motors in the United States, and served as the only Canadian on the board until the election of Graham Towers in 1958. There were about 700 neople working at the McLaugh- lin Carriage and Car companies, and Oshawa's population was nearly 6,000 a A year later, in 1011, the sell- By M. McIntyre Hood Starter was introduced and was one of many new developments in automobile building. Oshawa engineers made a worth-while contribution to the experimental work Canada was at war and Cana- dian troops were fighting in Franee and Belgium when the first Oshawa-built Chevrolet car was produced. The Mclaughlin Carriage Company finally closed its doors and was sold after having turned out 270,000 horse- drawn vehicles Oshawa's first water filtration plant was being built in 1918, when the McLaughlin and Chev- rolet companies of Canada were merged into Genera! Motors of Canada, Lid., with R. S. Mc- Laughlin as president and George W. McLaughlin as vice- president PRODUCTION GROWS W. L. Mackenzie King was prime minister and the Regent Theatre on King street east was opened in 1921 when General Motors of- Canada introduced the adjustable front seat and the world's first stop lights on automobiles. Production in that year was Chevrolet 7 $31 Buick, 4,100; Oldsmobile, 1,727; , 613 and trucks, 973, Oshawa became a city in 1924 and was building a 500,000 gallon water tower on Simcoe street north at a cost of $48,000 when GM cars were being produced with Duco lacquer finish, balloon tires, crankcase ventilators and four-wheel brakes : By 1928, General Motors had a new head office building and expanded plant facilities. and the 500,000th car rolled off the assembly line SILVER ANNIVERSARY General Motors celebrated its silver anniversary and construc- started on the Oshawa Canadian Legion Memoria! Hall in 1933. Buick brought out its first eight-cylinder engine. No- draft ventilation appeared in 1933, knee-action suspension was developed and all-steel tops ap- peared in 1935 General Motors of Canada pro duced its millionth car in Osh- awa in 1938. Steak sold for 19 cents a pound in Oshawa. Doug- tion las "Wrong Way" Corrigan landed in New York instead of Califorma and _ construction started on Highway No. 401 from Toronto to Oshawa Canada went to war in 1939 and GM switched to war produc- tion. Tanks and air frames were made in Oshawa, In 1943, Gen eral Motors unveiled a service flag showing 3,293 employees in the armed forces. Production of Oshawa's 500,000th fighting ve- hicle was celebrated in a spe- cial ceremony William A. Wecker became president at the end of the war, and production of the first post-war mode' cars started in 1945 \ year later. an Oshawa- built Chevrolet was the first automobile to be driven from coast to coast by road in Can- ada MODERN EXPANSION General Motors produced its two millionth unit in 1950. and began an expansion program which resulted in the opening of the south plant in 1954. The rest of the story of continued expansion of factory space, pro- duction and employment is re- cent history within the memory of most Oshawa citizens But the whole story of Gen- eral Motors' growth during the period of nearly 60 years since the first automobiles were pro duced here is a fascinating and thrilling one, a story in which thousands of Oshawa citizens have, during the years, played their part in making this truly the Motor City of Canada. Lakes Huron and Erie can -- at an estimated cost of $1 billion Premier John Robarts told the Legislature During the past four years rain and snow have fallen short of normal by about four inches on the drainage basin of Lake Superior, and by eight to 12 inches on the rest of the Great Lakes basin, The results of this deficiency have been compound- ed by higher than normal evaporation. If the water does not fall from the sky there are no clouds, and if there are no clouds of course the evapora tion is much greate! There is more water lost in the Great Lakes on a sunny day by evaporation than there is in the amount that flows out through the St. Lawrence River," ECONOMIC LOSS The statistics are interesting. They become grim when relat- ed to. economic effect Total losses caused by low lake levels in 1964 have been estimated at anywhere from $1 billion to $4 billion dollars Ontario Hydro's loss in power production at the Niagara and St. Lawrence generating stations amounted to 4.4 billion kilowatt hours because of low stream flow. To offset this lower output from the hydro-electric plants, an extra 1.8 million tons of coal were consumed in thermal gen- erating stations Cargoes had to be reduced in the deep-draught vessels plying the lakes. Marinas have had to extend their docks or ge sut of business. Ship builders, resort owners and cottagers, particu- larly in the Georgian Bay area of Lake Huron, have suffered losses. Wildlife has been reduc- GALLUP POLL ed because marsh areas have dried. Water intakes and out- lets have had to be moved Yet only a decade ago a se- lect committee of the legislature was apppinted to look into the damage being done by high lake levels JOINT ACTION No action can be taken which would change the levels .and flows of the Great Lakes with- out the concurrence and consent of the Canadian and American federal governments. The only body with the authority to un- dertake a comprehensive study oi the levels and flowage is the International Joint Commission, which functions under the Boun- dary Waters Treaty of 1909 Four boards report to the 1JC on Great Lakes regulation They are The International St. Law- rence River Board of Control, which deals with the regulation of Lake Ontario; The International Niagara Board of Control, which looks after. the maintenance of stipu- lated levels in the Niagara River: The International Niagara Committee, which reports di- rectly to the Canadian and U.S. governments and supervises the flow over the Falls. The International Lake Su- perior Board of Control, which supervises the release of water from Lake Superior The IJC has established the International Great Lakes Lev- els Board, with equal represen- tation from Canada and the U.S., to organize detailed in- vestigation of lake levels and act 'as technical adviser to the yc TOO MUCH ADVERTISING ON TV, SAYS MAJORITY By THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC OPINION (World Copyright Reserved) In a ratio of two-to-one, Canadians think there is too much advertising on radio and there is too much advertising and 33 per cent cent say television. Sixty-five per think such advertising is necessary to ensure good pro- grams Men and women think pretty much alike on this sub- ject More than six-in-ten of both sexes feel there is too much advertising and more than three-in-ten allow that the advertising is necessary The question "DO YOU THINK THERE IS TOO MUCH ADVER- TISING ON RADIO AND TV OR DO YOU THINK THIS AMOUNT i5 NECESSARY IN ORDER TO HAVE GOOD PROGRAMS?" TOTAL MALE FEMALE Pet. Pet. Pct. Too much advertising 65 64 6A Advertising is necessary 33 34 32 Undecided 2 2 2 1m 100 100 TODAY IN By THE CANADIAN May 1, 1965... Francis Gary Powers, an American pilot, was shot down over central Russia in an aircraft loaded with cameras and other intelli gence equipment five years ago today -- in 1960 -- and captured alive. President Eisenhower later admitted responsibility but said he had not authorized Powers' mission. Powers pleaded guilty to charges of spying and was imprisoned, but was exchanged early in 1962 for Colonel Rudolf Abel, a Russian 'spy convicted in New York in 1957 1872--Saint Pius \ born 1873 -- David Livingstone, Scottish missionary - ex- plorer, was born, PRESS was HISTORY First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1915--French troops failed to leave their trenches to attack at Ypres; the Brit- ish headquarters at Dun- kirk was bombarded by German guns 22 miles away; the Austro-German counter-offensive began in Galicia; and the German Embassy in Washington warned intending passen- gers of the Lusitania of the dangers of war. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1040--British forces abandoned Trondheim and withdrew from Dombas, while shipping attacks by both sides continued in the North Sea. New Oil Search Will Be Exciting By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA--You will soon be reading a lot of headlines about our newest oilfields, much lar- ger in area and potentially richer in oi] and gas than the Alberta fields. Little has yet been said about "The Oil Rush of '65". But these oilfields may well prove to be the most val- uable natural resource yet dis- covered in Canada. While the intensive undersea search for oi! in Europe's North Sea has been attracting wide- spread interest, a substantially larger expanse of sea off Can- ada's coastlines has, without publicity, been the object of the biggest oil rush North America has. ever known. Exploratory permits have been issued by the department of northern af- fairs. and natural resources, covering undersea areas off our Maritime and Pacific coasts, and in Hudson Bay and around the Arctic islands. In describing to me the ex- citing potential of this search for oil, Hon. Arthur Laing, the minister of northern affairs and natural resources, told me that the first exploratory test drills will be made this summer, The geological formation is already known to be exceptionally fa- vourable for the existence of huge deposits of oil and gas, and Mr. Laing, who is the Lib- eral MP for Vancouver South, is very hopeful about the. pros- pects The largest "stakings' have taken place on the codfish-rich Grand Banks, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in the other waters around the Maritime Provinces. The area already pre-empted by permits is more than twice that of the land area of those provinces. Second lafgest area covered by permits is in Hudson Bay. The Arctic islands are a poor fourth, behind the Pacifie Coast A yardstick of the confidence of the oil prospectors is the fact that more than: 2,300 -ex- ploratory permits have already been taken.out. And these are not cheap.,I asked Mr, Laing about the price of these per- -mits, He told me that each one costs $250, runs up to 12. years, d covers an area described minutes from east to 5 minutes from north to south." The area varies with the latitude, but averages about 70,000. acres. No rentals are charged on Canada exploratory Oil and Gas permits, but stated minimum sums must be spent on acceptable exploration, ranging from five cents an acre during the first three-year period up to 50 cents an acre in the ninth and subsequent years. In the full 12 year span of a permit covering 70,000 acres, the licensee would have to spend as much as $189,000 on exploration and development, thereby offering a substantial market for Canadian goods and services, STUDENT EMPLOYMENT Prospects Not For Work This By THE CANADIAN PRESS Engineering, science and commerce students may not have to look far, but other Ca- nadian university undergradu- ates who depend on summer job income for tuition costs may be in trouble this year Even with the improvement in the Canadian economy, arts students will have a_ difficult time,' says William Thomson, director of the National Em- ployment Service "Nothing in Canada is grow- ing as fast as university enrol- ment, and there is a year-round shortage of unskilled and semi- skilled jobs where they try to find employment. This is why we're all in favor of year-round universities." Mr. Thompson says there are jobs available in the agricul- tural field, especially at harvest time, "but most students won't consider these." A Cross-Canada Survey by The Canadian Press showed that while summer job pros- pects vary from province to province, in every case it is students who already have ac- quired basic skills who are in demand Third-year students in engi- neering. science and commerce are prime prospects for em- ployers with an eye to future staff needs who take students for on-the-job training and hope to hire them when they gradu- ate But for co-eds and arts stu- dents the outlook is not bright and university placement offi- cers in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Is land warn that conditions will not improve Girls with shorthand and typ ing can count on office jobs, but Bright Summer others have to rely on resorts. Construction work is the best bet for men, but here again en- gineering students get first call. Colin Dubell of McGill Uni- versity's student placement of- fice in Montreal said the prob- lem is bad now and will be- come "appalling' during the next four or five years. SOME TRY EUROPE University placement officials in Ontario said students in gen- eral courses usually are con- sidered unskilled labor and are confined to "blue collar' or manual work. Then, because their employment is temporary, they are less desirable to both labor unions and management. Best bet was in construction work and industry where hourly rates ranged from $1.50 to $2.50. Students in professional or specialist courses have the best chance of obtaining jobs within their fields, often as an integral part of their courses. Queen's University at Kings- ton, Ont., reported an increas- ing number of students looking to Europe for summer employ- ment. The same job shortage also was reported in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island where officials attributed it to increasing enrolment that had not been matched by industrial expansion. Third-year students get the pick of the jobs com- manding salaries above $300 a month with firms ° recruiting summer replacements with an eye to permanent employees next year But the NES in Halifax said many first-year students - head for Ontario and Quebec right after exams on a gamble that they'll find. jobs. M/\/\ wa 1867 | 1987 CENTENNIAL COMMISSION ee PUBLICATIONS PROGRAMME =~ GRA NTS TO AUTHORS AND ASSOCIATIONS The Centennial Commission, in co-operation with the Canada Council and the Canada Foundation, announces a programme of grants to authors and associations to en- courage the production of publications on the occasion of the Gentennial of Con- federation, Preference will be given to projects in the arts, the social sciences and the humanities. Under exceptional circumstances considera- tion will be given to projects in other disciplines. The maximum individual grant will be $5,000, The book must be published in Canada before September, 1967. The author must be a Canadian citizen or a resident of Canada since 1962 or represent a Canadian association. Applications will be received and assessed by the Commission until January 1, 1966. Information and application forms in con- nection with this programme are available at the following address: Publications Programme, Centennial Commission, P.O. Box 1967, Ottawa, Ontario,