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Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 1962 -- PAGE 6 Clarification Required On Control Of Rivers There has been a great deal of dis- cussion about the possible amendment or even re-writing of the British North America Act, which serves as a constitution for Canada. What is often overlooked is that many constitutional areas are only vaguely defined by the Act -- in some cases, deliberately so, which reflects the political wisdom of those who drew up its clauses. The vagueness can often be clarified by decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada, and the decisions thus ren- dered become extensions of the consti- tution. A case in point is the matter of jurisdiction over rivers that pass through more than one province. Some months ago. K. C. Mackenzie wrote thus in the University of British Columbia Law Review: "The constitutional division of authority over interprovincial rivers in Canada is largely a matter of specu- lation; as in the U.S. and Australia, there are no specific Canadian consti- tutional references to interprovincial rivers. There is an important distinc- tion, however, for the residuary power is vested in the Dominion under the BNA Act, while in both Australia and the U.S. it is retained by the states. Consequently there is a greater likelihood that interprovin- cial rivers are within federal jurisdic- tion". The main sections of the Act which could be invoked are: federal juris- diction over navigation, over-riding provincial property and civil rights jurisdiction; regulation of trade and commerce; the more general federal declaration that the works are to the general advantage of Canada or two or more provinces ; and federal respon- sibility for the peace, order and good government of Canada. Nevertheless, clarification is needed, and this could best come from the Supreme Court of Canada. Sooner or later the question must come before the court for decision -- and it is to be hoped that the court finds that interprovincial rivers are a national rather than pro- vincial resource. The question is timely. Not only is the federal government involved in an argument with British Columbia over development of the Columbia river, but the British Columbia government is letting major contracts for develop- ment of hydro-electric power on the Peace river. While the Columbia flows through a neighboring country, the Peace flows out of the province into neighboring Canadian territory. The B.C. government may well be exceed- ing its authority. Teaching Mathematics Professor A. J. Coleman, head of the mathematics department at Queen's University, seems to have shocked traditionalists at the Cana- dian Conference on Education with his prediction that geometry as a special subject will eventually be eliminated from the curriculum. There is no doubt, however, that a revolution in the teaching of mathematics is under way, largely as the result of the critical examination of mathematical subjects and teaching procedures by teachers themselves. Whatever the merits of Prof. Cole- man's attack on geometry, few will disagree with his contention that "many new ideas and points of view discovered in mathematics" can and should be taught in elementary and secondary schools because they are "eminently teachable, "they remove difficulties in the path of students taught in traditional ways, they give students greater mathematical power and they enable students to get a better grasp of the nature of twentieth century mathematics and to understand its important in contem- porary society. There seems to be considerable evidence that students in other coun- tries, receiving more enlightened in- struction in mathematics, are well ahead of Canadian students of the same age. Need Help For Growth In the new African nations there is determination that Africans must take over posts held by whites and that agriculture and industry be greatly expanded. Both desires are understandable. But unless the problems are approach- ed sensibly, these areas may go back- ward, not forward. Nations cannot industrialize over- night. Some, lacking certain character- istics, may never be able to do it. For industrialization, a nation needs what the economists call infrastructure -- roads and railways, telephone and cable systems, ports, etc. It usually needs some raw materials. Most of all it needs technicians. In much of Africa today the available technicians are white. In parts of Africa there is pressure to get them to leave. In other parts there is a desire to keep them on the job but the whites, worried about the future, are unwilling to stay. A current case is She Oshawa Cimes T. L. WILSON, Publisher C. GY/YN KINSEY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times {established 1871) and the Whitby Gazette ond Chronicle (established 1863), is published daily (Sundays and statutory holidays excepted). Members ot Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association, The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it of to The Associated Press or Reuters, ond also the iocal news published therein. All rights of special despotches are also reserved, Offices: Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by corriers in Oshawa Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton, Enniskillen, Orono, Leskard, Brougham, Purketon, Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood, Kinsale, Roclar Blackstock, Manchester, Pontypool ond Newcastle, not over 45¢ per week. By mail (in Province of Ontario) outside carriers delivery areas 12.00 per year. Othe, Provinces and Commonwealth Countries 15.00. U.S.A. and Foreign 24.00. Circulation for the issue of November 30, 1961 18,006 Uganda, which expects independence in October. The Guardian (Manches- ter) reports an estimate that. very soon 45% of the doctors, 58% of the engineers and 50% of the police will have left the country. Two things are needed. First, whites with expert and technical know-how must be retained until they can be replaced by trained Africans. Great Britain, in some instances, has offered to share the cost of retaining these people and of assuring them a sound future. But the pressure of local people to take over, trained or not, is great. The greatest need of all is education. William Clark, director of the Over- seas Development Institute, London, Says this: "The trained manpower needs of a modern state far outrun the supplies to be found in any part of. Africa. Before business can be run with any efficiency at all, there is need of ac- countants to keep the books; before factories can be built, there must be trained engineers; before the state can function properly, there must be lawyers; before health can be im- proved, there must be doctors. "All of these human requirements cannot be produced overnight, nor in fact can they be supplied sufficiently from overseas even though some gaps may be temporarily filled that way. Human capacity is likely to prove, in Africa, the limiting factor in their crash program for squeezing into a decade the industrial progress which Europe had to spread over a century." Bible Thought Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ let us ve on unto perfection. -- Hebrews 6:1. Perfection here means spiritual ma- turity. Truth apprehended by the mind must be translated into daily living. 'LET'S TRY THE LITTLE HILL FIRST' YOUR HEALTH gw become a_ habit. Call For Doctor To Check Infant By Joseph G. Molner Dear Dr. Molner: When my baby was small he spit up, just like any other child. Now at seven months he doesn't just spit up; he brings it up little by little throughout the whole day.--M.H. From the letter I'm not sure whether this is drooling, or whether the baby is bringing up food. If it is just saliva, probably it will clear up in time. If, on the other hand, it is a matter of bringing up food, then some causative trouble may exist. A spasm or partial ob- struction of the gullet or stom- ach can cause this sort of thing. There's another trick that some of the little tykes can perform. It's called rumination --a willful regurgitation of food. In such cases facial expres- sion or movement of the mouth may give you a clue that he is up to such a stunt. If this is the case, it may be a bid for attention--and it can REPORT FROM U.K. Homes Endangered By Road Charges They believe that the high standard concrete road the council plans to lay down js far more expensive than is neces- By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent For The Oshawa Times WHITSTABLE, Kent -- Be- cause of road charges which in some cases will amount to more than the actual value of the properties against which they will be assessed, a group of old age pensioners in Whitstable is faced with the prospect of having to give up their little homes. They are engaged in a battle with the Whitstable urban council against these road charges which they claim to be excessive. But they are not fighting alone. Backing them up are more than 2,000 people who live in the town's twelve miles of unimproved roads. If the urban council wins its case and has the schedule of road charges upheld in court, many of the old age pensioners will have to leave the bunga- low homes in which they have lived for the last quarter of a century. They claim that the charges, based on a provisional rate of over $30 a foot frontage will be more than they can afford to pay. MORE THAN COST These pensioners live on-unlit, unimproved Meteor Avenue on the outskirts of the town. They have been served with notice that the road is to be paved with concrete, and fixing the provisional apportionments against their property. These amounts range from $750 to nearly $4,500, and in some cases they are more than the pen- sioners paid for their homes. When the plight of the resi- dents of Meteor Avenue was disclosed, an action committee was formed, and people living on other unmade roads, also threatened with heavy road charges, are contributing to a fund to pay for consel to repre- sent the pensioners when their appeal against the council's proposals is heard. TODAY IN HISTORY By The Canadian Press March 9, 1962... Britain deported Arch- bishop Makarios and other cypriot Orthodox church leaders from Cyprus six years ago today -- in 1956. The archbishop who was accused of active support of anti-British terrorism, was banished to the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean but later returned to nego- tiate Cyprus's independence and become its premier. 1796--Napoleon Bonaparte married Josephine 1928--The first telephone calls were made between Vancouver and London and Halifax and London. sary. And they say that the council is lacking in humanity in refusing to discuss the pos- sibility of a cheaper type of road. GOING TO COURT Protest petitions sent to the urban council have had no suc- cess. So the pensioners appeal- ed to the courts. The council then had to leave the court to decide the issue. By a narrow majority, however, it agreed to engage counsel and expert wit- nesses to fight the appeal of the pensioners. One of the pensioners whose property is involyed is 67-year- old Alfred Thomas, who has lived at 'Roseville' in Meteor Avenue for 25 years. His bun- galow is built on a property with 140 feet frontage. He has been informed that his contribu- tion to the road charges will be $4,400. "If the councii wins,' he says, "we will just have to get out." At "Auckland" on the other side of the road, 72-year-old Philip Green, a retired railway- man, says that he, too, will have to leave. "With practically no savings and an income of around $20 a week, we just cannot pay," he claims. By careful watching (truly a chore!) and distracting his attention, you may be able to help break the habit. In any event, consult your doctor to rule out the possibility of any physical disorder. Dear Dr. Molner: I was told I have a polyp in the large intes- tine. Is there any difference between a polyp and a divert- iculum? And is surgery the only way to get rid of polyps?--M.F. Difference? Yes, indeed. A polyp is a growth from a mu- cous surface. A diverticulum is a sort of pouch. Surgery is the only way to remove polyps, but it is comparatively simple. Since polyps in the intestinal tract (as distinct from polyps in other parts of the body) have a rather bad record for being (or becoming) malignant, it's well to get rid of them. Dear Dr. Molner: My obste- trician prescribed some pills for constipation during my peg- nancy. It is now several months after the birth of my baby and I am still dependent on them. Otherwise I become painfully constipated.--_MRS. T. J. Use of them temporarily is understandable. Some people do have this trouble in pregnancy. On the other hand, if you didn't have constipation before, there is no valid reason why you should have it afterward. My suggestions: Taper off on the pills, every other day at first, then every third day. Try for some definite time each day for bowel action, before or after a given meal, morning, evening, or whenever suits your physical rhythm. Drinking three to four extra glasses of water a day often does wonders. If you still have some trouble, glycerine suppos- itories can help. Dear Dr. Molner: My son is almost 16 but has hardly grown at all for two years, and is not very large for his age. He also has a very dry skin. Do you think he has some thyroid trouble?--MRS. K. I. It's possible. There are other causes of dry skin, and there certainly are other causes of not gowing as tall as one might prefer. Within very narrow ma- gins, our height is governed by heredity rather than anything that happens later. It's also well known that some boys and girls get their height early; others have a growing spurt later. It isn't too intricate a task to have the boy's thyroid, and other glandular activity, checked. If it is faulty, now's the time to start treatment. If it's normal, then accept the fact that he'll be as tall or as short as Nature in- tends him to be, and that there's still time for him to do some more growing. BY-GONE DAYS 35 YEARS AGO A Children's Workers' Board for the Sunday Schools of Osh- awa was organized with Miss Marion Burns as président, and Mrs. W. P. Fletcher vice- president. General Motors Music and Dramatic Society, under the leadership of Leslie F. Unitt, presented a sacred concert in the Regent Theatre. Reports from Toronto said that Oshawa would be eligible for a liquor store under the terms of the new liquor legislation. Building showed much activi- ty in the north end of the city on McLaughlin Blvd. and Car- negie street, when permits with a total value of $34,850 were issued in March to date. The Oshawa Cricket Club was formed with Lloyd Fowler elected president and Robert Fudger vice-presideni. At the annual meeting of the Oshawa General Hospital Alumni Association Mrs. Gladys M. Johnston was elected presi- dent, Miss Ada Rice, vice- president, Miss Jibb, secretary and Miss Jane Cole, treasurer. Oshawa city council ordered that a survey be made with a view to having a subway built under the CNR tracks on Sim- coe street south. A rink composed of J. Hew- son, R. Flintoff, E. Michael and Frank Michael, skip, won the annual local bonspiel at the curling rink here, and also won the Peterborough Empress Hotel trophy. An ancient fire engine, parked for many years at the south- west corner of the fire station, was being dismantled under the Ke direction of Lt. William Cully. Fred Patte, Oshawa pioneer, recalled that the engine had been purchased in the early seventies, and had been used at several historical blazes here. G. D. Conant went to Ottawa representing the city council to press for completion of the Oshawa _ harbor. Centre Street won the Osh- awa Public School Hockey League championship by de- feating Cedardale in the final by a score of 6-0 at Bradley's Rink. Norman Sills and Ralph Rowden played an outstanding game for the winning team. OTTAWA REPORT ' Alcoholism"s Cost By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA -- Every Canadian worker labors for three weeks in each year to pay the na- tional cost of alcoholic indul- gence. Alcoholism is a high price national luxury costing us about 6 per cent of our Gross National Product, and affecting one in every thirty adult Ca- nadians. These are some of the con- clusions which can be reached from a study of a speech in which Dr. P. B. Rynard, Con- servative MP from Orillia, re- cently surveyed the human bal- ance sheet and the multi-billion dollar cost of this mounting problem. His speech might well be entitled with his dramatic words: "What a thirst! What @ cost!". It was of course the excesses which Dr. Rynard reviewed. Alcoholism is a self-inflicted disease, he said. It ranks fifth among causes of death of adult Canadians, being exceeded by heart disease, cancer, strokes and accidents. He pointed out that alcoholism is a problem older than detailed history, for the magnificent old Chinese civilization degenerated through its ravages until by the year 1,100 BC that country had become a nation of paupers ruled by a powerful class of pampered lords. LISTS EFFECTS Dr. Rynard listed the com- mon effects of alcoholism as broken homes, illegitimacy and disease, criminal offences, traf- fic accidents, illness and death, absenteeism, and our "hidden army of half - men" who can work at only 50 per cent of their normal capacity. The immense amount of thought and research which went into Dr. Rynard's presen- tation produced the staggering conclusion that the cost of alco- holism to Canada is in excess of $2,500,000,000 each year. The economic benefits from the bot- tle total a mere one quarter of that figure, consisting of $131,- 833,000 paid in wages for the manufacture and sale of liquor; $51,480,000 paid for the ingre- dients of alcoholic manufac- tures; and a gigantic yield of $457,000,000 in taxes to various levels of government. These are some of the na- tional expenses caused by alco- hol, in the assessment of Dr. Rynard: In Ontario during 1960, alcohol played a role in nine out of i, pet iting Yl ¢ | one | t ' tempted murder, manslaughter in and rape. Some 40,436 offences } resulting from the use of liquor were charged, resulting in con- victions. There were also 28,490 convictions for violations of the Liquor Control Act. Court costs, legal fees and the expenses of imprisonment in such cases, ex- tended to a cross-Canada level, amount to tens of millions of dollars. ' . ALCOHOL CUTS WORK One half of all road accidents are estimated to be caused by drivers who have been drink- ing. Alcohol, said Dr. Rynard, is thus involved in traffic acci- dents costing $145,000,000 and killing about 2,500 Canadians each year. To that cost must be added the lost earning pow- er of the slaughtered citizens, Some 2,543 new alcoholics and 2,545 repeaters were ad- mitted to hospitals in Canada, for an average stay of 36 days in hospitals or public institu- tions. Adding those cared for in special or private institutions brings the bill up to $4,000,000 a year. A very large cost is the loss of productivity by workers who are semi - incapacitated men- tally or manually by alcohol, that "hidden army of half-men" which has its fifth column in every factory and office. Finally, there is the large ex- pense generally born by the community for social welfare work, helping the children and the wives or even husbands who are the victims of an alco- holic. Southern Playgrounds are only hours away. 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