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_ OSHAWA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE HOLDS ANNUAL MEETING. THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Oshawa Chamber of Commerce, at Hotel Genosha Monday night, attracted a large number of Oshawa busi- ness and industrial executives to hear an address by Leon- ard Hynes, of Montreal, presi- dent of Canadian Industries Limited. Seen in the upper picture, from left, are Gordon Riehl, first vice president and president-elect; William Hart, president; Mr. Hynes | biti, and Douglas Fisher, general manager of the chamber. In the lower picture, from left, are Mr. Hynes, chatting with Fred Upshaw, president of the Oshawa Junior Chamber | of Commerce; 'Operation Freedom' Defended By Srsak-r Ald. John G, Brady and Gordon Garrison, chairman of the visitors and convention committee of the chamber. --Oshawa Times Photos The campaign by the Cana-|doing. Winston Churchill wrote|certainly not security if they | dian Chamber of Commerce,|that we must beware of trying|bring unemploy- "Operation Freedom", was de-|to build a society in which no-| ment.' fended against criticism from) body counts for anything except| Mr. Hynes quoted columnist Pierre Berton by Leo-|a politician; a society where en-|where Canada had with them instances received g mard Hynes, of Montreal, presi-|terprise gains no reward and|adverse publicity in the inter-|* dent of Canadian Industries Limited, Monday night. Mr. Hynes was speaking at thrift no privilege." | With respect to Mr. Berton's} allegation that the chamber) national press, accusing the Ca- nadian government of collecti- vism, and criticising Canadian the annual meeting of the Osh-/wants freedom of taxes, Mr,|tax and tariff policies. The? awa Chamber of Commerce, in| Hynes pointed out that in West-|Speaker called this a very ser- Hotel Genosha, Monday night. He commented on a column that appeared in the Toronto Star Monday in which Mr. Ber- ton said that the chamber is concerned with '"'those nasty laws that restrict an individ- ual's freedom to make all the money he wants." USE OF ABILITIES "It ig your right to make the ern Europe taxation policies are designed to encourage ex port. "Goods now offered here in| the market," he said, "carry! taxes for family allowances, | hospital insurance and old age pensions. You can buy a foreign made car here now that has no taxes paid om it, not here, and! not in its country of origin." ious thing for a city like Osh- awa, based on manufacturing.) "Operation Freedom', Mr. Hynes said, is an educational program to be conducted at the local level by boards of trade and Chambers of Commerce across the country: Mr. Hynes' speech was heard by more than 200 business lead-/ ers attending the banquet. Out- , ' ; eeting in E. A. Lovell Pub- |bleheader at the Maple I i oing president William Hart) ™ee | Pp Welfare legisiation alone, Mr. Ie tained to the audience the! lic School at 8 p.m. this Wed- Gardens. MEETING SPEAKER O. R. Summers, a close associate and supporter of Dr. Norman Alcock's Peace Research Institute, who will the speaker at a public full use of your abilities that is|Hynes argued, does not make|foliowing members who were! "eSday at stake,' Mr. Hynes said. "T am told on all sides that this is old fashioned," Mr. Hynes gaid, "but let me quote from famous British historians: Car- lyle said that the great law of ment,"' he said, "and while old- Hume, Russel] D for security. EMPLOYMENT BEST SECURITY "The best security is employ- {Commerce for a elected to' the board of direc- tors of the Oshawa Chamber of two-year-per iod: William Bennett, Donald Burns, Ken Crone, Kingsley Humphreys, culture is let each become all age pensions and baby bonuses'Fred Malloy, Frank McCallum that he was created capable of are wonderful things, they are and Charles World, Vice-Principal Is Appointed The Oshawa Board of Educa- tion approved the appointment @\Power, Paula van Hoof, David Ghe Oshawa Times OSHAWA, ONTARIO, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 19 62 PAGE NINE ' Confirmed MA, DD, Bishop of Toronto, |2 candidates was presented by The rite of 'laying on I the class and congregation the and to seek strength to fight ices of worship. with their families will join in of the Anglican Church. were made at their baptism by gaize, Garry Christenson, Garry! % Michael Fernley, William Gar-) © Mrs. Gloria Cole, Erin Doug-| bara Jackson, Dianne Kauff- Bruce Mackay, Peter McGib-| ie CS St. Andrews, Robert Stephenson, | ing of the branch in Hotel ish By Bis OP SECOND sECTION The Rt, Rev. F. H. Wilkinson, | visited Christ Memorial Church) Sunday evening. A class of 4! | the rector, the Ven. H. D Cleverdon. hands" goes back to the time of the Apostles. In his words to Bishop urged them to think daily of their Christian faith for Christ by daily prayer and regular attendance at the serv-! | Next Sunday at the 11 a.m. service, the newly confirmed the celebration of the Holy Com-| # munion, the most sacred service The following have now taken upon themselves the vows which!" their parents and godparents: Stewart Bell, D'Arcy Bour- Denby, Brian Dougherty, Rob- ert Dove, Fric Farncombe, rett, Brian Houghton, Wayne = Marchant, Thomas Murphy. 3 herty, Judith Fernley, Dinah) ~ Gough, Leslie Greer, Mrs. Bar-| *« man, Sharon Kent, . Shawn Murphy. bon, David Prest, Peter Rich-| the Ontario Barbers Associa- ardson, Donald Ruddy, Daniel| tion were installed at a meet- David Taylor, Walter Trehern,! Geno; ight. Mem- Douglas Warren, John Wills. Asie ey Se . ~ OSHAWA BARBERS ASSOCIATION ELECTS EXECU retary. Standing, from left, are William Peters, public re- lations; Wally Bauer, commit- tee; George Mathews, trea- surer; George Tait, commit- tee and Fred Yuskow, com- | bers of the executive, seated | from left, are Lloyd Smith, | | second vice-president; Harry | Andersen, first vice - presi- | | dent; Charles Johnson, presi- | | dent and Vern Trimble, sec- si iibpieere, TIVE mittee. Absent when the pic- ture was taken were Wilf Giles, committee; Lawrence Clark, past president and Lorne Shobbrook, committee. --Oshawa Times Photo Mrs. Helen Weil, Sandra} Neil, Joan Richards, Jennifer} Smith, Nancy Smith, Mrs.) Joyce Vince, Susan Walker,! Dawn Wilson. Stole Records i Youth Fined Pleading guilty to the theft of| two phonograph records from al downtown store, James Leslie) Finn, 16, RR 4, Bowmanville, | jwas fined $19 and costs or 10} |days in jail, by Magistrate} Frank Ebbs, Monday. | When told by the youth's) jfather that the accused usually} bautiaicis to get pass marks in| | His Worship comment: ; ied: "He doesn't break any rec-| jords though'. OSL PRESIDENT William E. Austin was elect- ed president of the Ontario Safety League, at the annual meeting today. He is assistant to the president, General Me. . Times Carriers | Several hundred contestants|erine Bateson, all of Oshawa; from the lakeshore district of|Mrs. Susanne E. Fletcher,, Lin- Central Ontario will take part/da Jean Parker, Newcastle. in the Kiwanis Music Festival) 8 to| MONDAY, Mar. 12 . Se en eae oe Bonnie Simpson, Sharon Bart- The contestants from this area|lett, Linda Edwards, Bette El- and the days they will appear len Kuhnke, Lynda Coulter, Jo- at the festival follow: anne Potter, Barbara Kozak, |Esther Cryderman, Gail Bart- SATURDAY, Mar. 10 ._jlett, Sharon Humenick, all of Pauline Lacroix, Patricia Bowmanville; O'Brian, Sandra Bothwell, Lin-|Courtice, da O'Connor, Betsy Slappendel,) Janet Carmichael, Beverley all of Bowmanville; Susan Riz-|4nn Gibson, Carol Stewart, ail nek, Joyce Wickenden, Jane/of Oshawa; Linda Berry, Hamp- Pollard, all of Courtice. = {iton:; Carol Edwards, John McGuirk, Veronica|patricia Paterson, Susan Sal- Freindrich, Bowmanville; Jan-\yay Carol Harte Maxwell, ice Faint, Douglas Warren, Gail! cajherine Anger, Cindy Lou Mcliveen, Lynn Barclay, Ros-| Ayre, Paula Worden, all of Bow- Wendy Brown, Many Area Contestants 'Seek Honors At Festival |Noble, all of Bowmanville; Brian Barber, Courtice; David |Zachanowich, Oshawa; John Bothwell, Hampton. Margo Payne, Newcastle; Marilyn MacDonald, Janice Drygala, Diane Turton, Bever- ly Sutherland, Carol Weir, Jan- ice Faint, Mary L. Wilson, Ste- phen Powell, all of Oshawa. BOWMANVILLE HIGH SCHOOL BAND WEDNESDAY, Mar. 14 Gail and Bonnie Malcolm, Nestleton; Bonnie Beech and Diane Hoar, Bowmanville; Mary L. Wilson and Beverly Sutherland, Diane Turton, Pat- ricia Neal, all of Oshawa. « Hampton School (Mr. Met- alind Coe, Maria Drygala, Cath-|manville; Kathleen Lovekin, tors of Canada Limited succeeds J, P. Anderson, chair- man of the board, Dunlop Can- ada Limited. The league has been in existence for 49 years and Mr. president. Ld s | Enjoy Outings | Oshawa Times carrier sales- men Jennifer Wilson, Barbara Wilkins and Harold Powell look- ed at the snow-covered streets | ~ on Saturday and thought that their trip to Toronto to see "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" at the O'Keefe Cent Sleigh Ride "Sunk", Gebe. sake on) | Happy Event ditions improved to permit the god proceed as planned. Sunday was also "Excursion| February activities of the Osh- Day'" for a second party of car-/awa Travel Trailer Club in- jtiers. They were Albert Foster,|cluded a family sleigh ride on John Gresh, Stephen Richmoad, Saturday evening, Feb. 10. De- Michael Dyball, Michael and| spite extremely cold weather, a Patrick Powers, Dale Cholik| large number of trailer mem- jand Jerry Brown. This group|bers and their families, bundled attended the junior hockey dou-| up warmly, were aboard the af|two sleighs to enjoy an hour's jride at the Bradley Farm, A break in the return journey} Whitby. jenabled each group to enjoy| The refreshment committee, supper at Andrew's Motel in|Harry and Pearl Blakely, Gar- Scarborough. jnet and Vera Johnstone and Bob These enterprising young busi-| and Betty Cook, had large quan- nessmen and women were en-| tities of hot dogs, hot chocol tertained on these outings by the|and coffee ready when the out- newspaper, having won a recent/door enthusiasts returned. The incentive contest arranged by|centre of attraction that eve- the Circulation Department. ning was the space heater al-| Larry Hanna, who did not par-/though the songsters eagerly| | Austin is the 14th | | Newcastle. calf); Newcastle Public $cheol (Mr. Arthur Collisson); Cour- Struck By Auto sevci®Dome "sway, cara Girl Injured Wight, Jane Noble, all of Bow- manville; Neil S. Allin, Orono} [tesco Patricia Fisher, Hampton. Eleanor Ross, 13, of 75 Stev- , enson road south, suffered mnt eee ee Pde Sisson nor injuries to her left leg and) yea) MacLean, Fred Bailey, side Monday morning when shel f : , John Cunningham, John Mce- was struck by an auto driven by|¢,,; . at Gy Allan Ellis, of 'Brooklin, Guirk, Floyd Cullen, Christo. ; her Newell, Wayne Taylor, The girl was taken to the| Gerry Snowden, an of Bow- Oshawa General Hospital by her) manville; Earl Cobbledick, mother. She was released after being examined. Police, who) ton. investigated the accident, re-| Donna and Dianne Kimball, ported the girl ran into the/frene Kimball, Patricia and street in front of her home. | Margo Payne, all of Newcastle; Damage estimated at $350, | Catherine Neal, Archer Guy, was sustained by an auto owned Patricia' A. Shaw, Catherine by John Bellingham, 358 Ritson|Gilmore, Marilyn MacDonald, road south, during the night./a1) of Oshawa. The vehicle, which was parked,| was struck by an unknown) CENTRAL COLLEGIATE CHOIR, Oshawa. vehicle. s ' The Bellingham vehicle sus-- Harry Kruk, David Pringle, jtained damage to its rear fend-|Garry Lowe, all of Bowman- atelers, trunk id rear soar tai}| Ville; Billy Killen, Thomas|manville; Kirby Public School; March, Jeffrey MacLean, all of Hampton; Neil Sweetman, Courtice. Roy Anger, James Robinson, light and frame. | Newcastle; Billy Bunker, Hamp- tice School (Mr. Metcalf); Stu- art Guy, Mary L. Wilson, Susan Murdoch, Joan Smith, all of Oshawa; Patricia Fisher, Hampton; E. M. MeCoy, (Tenor), Newcastle. THURSDAY, Mar. 15 Joan Weir, Susan Neal, Mary L. Wilson, Susan and Patricia Neal, all of Oshawa. John Mc- Guirk, Bowmanville; Paul Skoreyko, Hampton; Leskard Public School entries; Jim How- ard, Newtonville; Patricia Fish- er, Hampton; Karen Green Les- kard. FRIDAY, Mar. 16 Janice Faint, Catherine Sproule, Mary L. Wilson, Bev- erly Sutherland, Susan E. Neal, Carol Weir, all of Oshawa; Keith Allin, Douglas Perrin, | Newcastle. | Leskard Public School: John |Wight, Paul Crago, Tommy |Barrie, Tommy Whitehead, Al- lan Bragg, John Paterson, Bow- Elva Robinson, Newtonville; |Patricia and Susan and Cather- jine Neal, Oshawa. Strings -- James Tomlinson, Five Accused : Bernard Koll, Wayne Cou11,|Elizabeth E. Dyer, Terry Keys, of S. T. Finbow to the position ticipate in the trip, won a per-| gathered round the piano where) David Chumbley, Donald Bur-|David L. Knowlton, Lawrence Many Rotarians To Attend Rally | A large number of the mem- bers of the Rotary Club of Osh- awa will be attending the an- nual conference of District 707, Rotary International, at the Royal York Hotel, 'Toronto, on Thursday, Friday and Satur day of this week. The conference is of particu lar interest to the Oshawa club as one of its past presidents, Edward G. Storie, will be in stalled as district governor dur- ing the plenary session Friday afternoon. The club will be host at a friendship room Thurs- day night; while Past President John W. Lowry will act as the. assistance of local crippled children who need help. OPERATED COTTAGE A history of the club's activi- ties shows it cperated. a sum mer camp in.a cottage at Bon- nie Brae Point, the building of the original pool in Rotary Park and the pool at Ritson School. The cottage is no longer operated but children are sent from the Children's Aid Society Shelter to camp by the club The club sponsors the Osh awa (Chadburn) Air Cadet Squadron -- a group of 55 sergeant-at-arms during the dur ation of the conference. THREE-DAY RALLY The three - day conference, which will be attended by Rotarians and their wives from clubs as far away as Belleville on the east to Guelph on the west and as far north as Alli son and Shelburne, will be under the direction of Dr Henry Kingstone, a past presi- dent of the Fairbanks Club and present district governor There are 11,108 Rotary Clubs, comprising 515,000 members in 127 countries throughout the world. These clubs are group- ed into districts of approximate- ly. 20' to 50 clubs each. Once each year all-clubs meet at a district conference to keep up to date on Rotary work and activities The Rotary Club of Oshawa is one of the 45 clubs compris- ing District 707 The Rotary Club of Oshawa since its inception in 1920. has taken an active part in commu nity affairs. Its chief interest ;committees to take young men who train regularly at Rotary Hall. The air cadets) have provided a number of fine trainees for the Royal Canadian| Air Force The club has set up special an active interest in Golden Age Club, youth, traffic safety; rural-urban relations and civic affairs INTERNATIONAL SERVICE | Special emphasis is now be-| ing developed in the field of international service. In this connection of the Rotary Club of Oshawa in touch with Rotary Clubs in Taegon, Korea; | Darjeeling, India, Hong Kong! and Malaya. It is felt the west must try to assist the Afro- Asian countries where great need exists. Apart from purely material aid there is a need for education and _ technical knowledge The good will created through 11,000 clubs in 127 countries surely will help the cause of peace and good will throughout the troubled world. the 'Mom' Whyte Improving The condition of Mrs. Bertha "Mom" Whyte, reported serious- is improving, Mrs. William Mathews, of 44 Weller crescent, Peterborough, who has corre- sponded regularly with Mrs. Whyte, said Saturday. "Mrs, Whyte was in weak ened condition following recent attacks of colitis when she contracted an unknown virus," said Mrs. Mathews. Mrs. Whyte's husband, of Oshawa, left by air for Nigeria, Feb. 9, after he re- ceived a cable informing him that his wife had become. se- ously ill at her jungle welfare home for children Mrs. Whyte, 47, left for Ni- geria in June last year after she was refused permission to operate a children's shelter in British Columbia. In 1959, Ontario health and welfare authorities closed her children's home, Whytehaven, near Bowmanville CELEBRATING BIRTHDAYS Congratulations and best wishes to the following resi- dents of Oshawa and district who are celebrating their birthdays today Mrs. Irene 60 Harris Ave.; Robert Brad burn, 321 LaSalle Ave., June Loscombe, 286 Nassau St.; Mrs. K. Morris, 352 Ar- thur St. and Joanne Bond, 168 Fernhill Blvd Phone Bert Weinberger, 723-3474 of vice-principat of the R. S. Mc Laughlin Collegiate Institute, at the regular monthly meeting, Monday night Mr. Finbow, who is currently employed by North York Board of Education, will assume his has always been and still is in ly ill in Nigeria, two weeks ago, position effective July 1. A revised list of teacher trans- fers were also approved by the board. The original list of appli- cations was referred to the prin- cipals of the three schools in- volved, namely, R. S. McLaugh- lin, O'Neill and Donevan Collegi- ate Institutes at the committee meeting Feb. 12, for further study, It was pointed out that all re- quests for transfers from OCVI were not granted by the com- mittee of three principals Spur Of Moment Theft Is Costly Theft of four wheel discs from a car on a used car lot in the city, Feb. 18, cost a 20-year-old youth $50 and costs or one month in. jail, in Magistrate's Court, Monday John Peter Liauba, 101 Cadil- lac avenue north, pleaded guilty to the charge and said he was sorry he had committed the of- fence. He took the discs on the spur of the moment after he was unable to buy similar discs) in two -stores he had formerly tried, he said Questioned by Magistrate F S.°'Ebbs, the accused said he did not live at home although his parents lived in Oshawa | "I wanted to try it on my own for a while,"' he said 'It's young people like you| who move away. from home who! usually end up here," His Wor- ship told the youth. jnot have one, the constable said. | mittee. sonal transistor radio in the|Bev. McEwen was playing for a same contest. Further consola-|' Sing Along" session. tion prizes were won by Anthony, Murray and Phyllis Beadle Formosa, Arthur Wiersma and 82d members of their entertain-| Bill Peeling. ment committee were in charge| The excellent work done by|!, the evening. 4 the carrier force, particularly The regular meeting was held during the past 10 days of poor| on Saturday evening, Feb. 24, at weather conditions is worthy of| Simcoe Hall with presidents Bill icomment. anl rewards such as|2"d Flo Kent presiding. A short | AIA above' |business meeting was conducted and plans for the two remain- ing indoor meetings were dis- cussed. The March meeting will be held at Woodview Community | Centre on Saturday evening, March 31, while the April meet- ing, the last indoor meeting be- fore rendezvous time ir May,| will be held in the form of a dinner meeting at the Sandal-| wood Restaurant on Saturday, | April 28. Special entertainment is being planned for both meet- ings . A movie by Chuck Mesher, i ong car with sound, proved to) : 4 |be most interesting and enlight-| fined a total of $35 and/ening feature of the event's! in Oshawa Magistrate's| : rit A | Court, Monday. entertainment. This movie, pro-| . , ' wb y, ; | Convicted "in absentia" were agin pr aes Rear tego sy Bagh was fined ers step by step through the tn: 7 ne oeke ays in jallltricate and delicate process of for failing to produce a driver's| takin a rs ates fie | g a lady's watc rt, licence and Daniel J. Jordon, |the cleaning process get a who was fined $25 and costs for] painstaking task of re-assembly.| failure to obtain a pediar's li- Norm Cook and "Doc" Mc. rence o ing': Constable "Douglas Bullock --o gg 99 Bree Pty Sy testified he stopped a panelland colored slides of vacation-| truck on Grierson street after|/time 1961, These holiday films| the householder complained the!did much to whet the appetite| bag of apples was underweight] of the trailerites present for the| and that most of the apples in| coming camping season and the! the bag were rotten presentation made by _ the! The accused, Jordon, made|Grounds and Locations chair- restitution at the complainant's| man. Ted Chapman, pinpointing] insistence, and was charged|camps visited on rendezvous| with failing to have a pediar's|last vear and those of possible| licence as provided by the city| future interest, worked in very| bylaws. The driver of the truck, nicely with the films Crosmaz, was charged with' A "box-social" lunch com | failure to produce a driving pleted the evening with coffee! permit after he admitted he did|served by the Apple | Deal Turns Sour An Oshawa woman, who bought a 10 pound bag of apples from a door-to-door salesman, Feb. 15, and later complained to police the bag was two pounds i being costs | theft. gess, Terry Russell, Brian El-|McAvoy, all of Oshawa; Rich- liss, Frank St. Pierre,. James|ard Skoreyko, Hampton. Are Remanded Five persons were remanded a without hag when they ap-| C] bi T ll peared in Magistrate's Court, Monday. airman e Ss Carl Howard Thompson, 19, 199 Harmony south and James) Christopher Brockman, 16, 547) H d G th ; Wilson road south, were each| V TO TOW remanded to Mar. 5, when they) appeared on a charge of auto- W. Ross Strike, QC, of Bow-|In the main they provided only Vari Jano, 294 Verdun road, Manville, chairman of the Hy-|lighting for their customers. was remanded to Mar. 5, when|@ro Electric Power Commission|Several large plants had been he appeared on a charge of|0f Ontario, told members of the|started on each side of the Ni- bed |Rotary Club of Oshawa Monday|agara River but initially all had assaulting Laslo G. Czizmadia. | bbe : A ; of the commission's early his-| failed due to lack of customers. ala I dh | | At about this time the Ontar- James Br , 903 William! 'ory and growth. -- strat et bang Me Me on Mr. Strike was introduced by|io Power Co. was formed to . ~). Rotarian §.R. Alger. The thanks|generate 100,000 horse power at t ' /O1- bo | ; ae fae ane pe of the club was voiced by Pres- Niagara and transmit it to To- stealing a sum of money. He ident Charles Lancaster. ronto will appear again next Mon.|,,2¢ Was pointed out that since) Co-operation was urged day the turn of the century, the e? Ah 4 sie dro system has grown from Bete ej gs Pligg 0 Ss to 355 municipalities. The first was remanded for one week by group consumed 40,000 kilowatt Magistrate F. . Ebbs hours of electricity compared iehabatci heidi trad __|with the 6,500,000 kilowatts today. At its beginning Hydro had 210 miles of high voltage trans- |mission lines. Today that figure Child Welfare Is Bishop's Concern lhas increased to 18,000 miles. |There are also 48,000 miles of TORONTO (CP)--Most Rev.|secondary transmission lines. P. F. Pocock, Roman Catholic) Hydro started with 8,000 cus- Coadjutor Archbishop of Tor- tomers compared with the more onto, Monday night called on than 2,000,000 today across the public welfare officials here to|province. Assets early in the consider soberly the implica-|century were about $2,500,000 tions of proposals to place child compared with $3,000,000,000, in- welfare administration in the cluding municipal transmission hands of county councils |systems today. Speaking to the annual meet-) Mr, Strike emphasized that ing of the Catholic Children's) down through the years Hydro's Aid Society of Metropolitan Tor-/growth has been motivattd by onto, he warned that "when pub-|the desire to do a job for the lic authority undertakes to arro-| people of Ontario. gate to itself what can be ac-| It was explained that at the! complished by voluntary organi-|beginning of the century there zations within the community,/were a number of small electric among municipalities by E. B. Schneider, of Kitchener; who held meetings with residents in many Western Ontario Centres. The result was that a mass meeting was held .at Toronto City Hall in 1905 following jwhich 1,500 prominent citizens jmarched to Queen's Park to |demand action As a_ result the provincial government set up a central body to set up plants and dis- tribute power to local municipa- lities. Local commissions were set up to sell the power to their customers. Mr. Strike commented that Ontario Hydro, which is unique in its field, grew due to the great co-operation and support which was developed among municipalities. It was, he said, a credit to the organizational ability of its originators. One of the largest utilities in the world, it stands on the same basic principles on which it was founded. All its profits stay in we are moving out of the field|power plants, most of which of socalism."' juncertain as regard« operation.' the business and cannot be refreshment com-|of socialization and into the field|'were privately owned and were|touched by the province or the municipalities.