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She Oshawa Simes Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher " THURSDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1961 --- PAGE 6 Nehru Symbol Tarnished By His Resort To Force Cynics can derive some grim amuse- ment from the protestations of Western powers about India's use of force against Goa and the other two tiny Portuguese colonies on the Indian west coast; it's just a matter of months since the Ameri- can government gave at least tacit sup- port to an invasion of Cuba, and it's only a few years since British and French troops staged an attack on Suez, Nonetheless, the Indian action is a clear reputation by Nehru of his doc- trine of non-violent settlement of dis- putes between nations. What makes his repudiation' more sordid is his reason: political expediency. Nehru has been subjected to increas- ingly bitter criticism by both right and left wing groups in India for his mild reaction to Chinese violations of Indian territory, for his delay in erasing the last vestiges of colonialism in India, and for his fence-straddling in the disputes between East and West. There will be an election in India next February. The attack on Goa was undoubtedly made at this time to. strengthen Nehru's posi- tion in that election. Whatever Nehru may gain at home, however, there can be no doubt that he will lose abroad -- not in Asia or Africa, where his vietory over colonialism will continue to be applauded, but in his role as a sort of international symbol of the soft answer and negotiated com- promise. He can no longer coo like a dove of peace; the symbol, which sur- prisingly remained bright despite the Kashmir dispute, has now been tarnished, and it will take a great deal of work to restore its polish. It will be interesting, now, to watch the performances of Krishna Menon in the United Nations, That brilliant but thwarted man, who may be Nehru's evil genius, has seldom found much to praise in the West nor much to blame in the Communist empire, but he was at least Nehru's ambassador. Nehru's hands are soiled. Will Menon speak as if his own hands were clean -- he who gloated to reporters as the Indian troops roared into Goa? Le Money Always Problem To increase the old-age pension from $55 to $75 a month may seem not much of a problem for a "wealthy" nation like Canada. Similarly, for such a young country to lower the pension age from 70 to 65 years may seem to be largely a formality. But, as Liberal leader Lester Pearson recently commented about these pledges made by the New Democratic Party, "that would be fine if we could do it." Since some 920,000 persons are now in receipt of the federal old-age pension, a $20-a-month increase would have added an item of $221 million to the $607 million the pension will cost this year. Dropping the pension age to 65 years would have qualified an additional 471,500 persons, would have added another $242 Million. In other words, the pension bill would have jumped from $607 million to $1,252 million. Where could that money come from? The usual answer is that it would be found by raising the tax on corporation profits. The corporation tax now takes in about $1.2 billion. To make it produce another $600 million a year would mean increasing it by half. If that were at- tempted, the addition would not come out of profits; it could only be added to prices. Editorialist C. J. Harris provides an example, the hypothetical case of the small shoe manufacturer who calculates that from the operation of his factory he will have to make --~ in order to pro- vide the money for plant upkeep, new machines, new product designs, the in- terest on the funds he has borrowed to buy or build his firm, etc. -- a profit of $50,000 a year. Since the corporation tax is at the rate of 50 per cent, he has to have an actual gross profit of $100,- 000 to retain the amount he requires. If the government decides that, to pay more generous old-age pensions or any other expense, it must increase the re- venue from the corporation tax by half, it means that the shoe manufacturer would pay $75,000 rather than $50, out of his $100,000 profit. But the plBin fact is that if he is to stay in business, he must have $50,000 a year to carry the firm. Inevitably, he would have to increase the prices of his products. And of course he would be able to do just that since all of his competitors are in exactly the same boat and would also be hiking their prices. The above is a hypothetical case and perhaps over-simplified, but it indicates what has been going on in Canada. Many tax experts are of the opinion that the whole of the post-war increase in cor- poration taxes has been passed on to the consumer. Certainly, with tax rates already so high, any new levy would not. be a tax on profits but another hid- den tax on prices. Another method of providing the money might* be by the reduction of other government spending. The ques- tion then becomes, what spending will be cut -- defence, mothers' allowance, public works or what? Safety Week's Evidence Nearly all accident-prevention work is based on the theme that accidents hap- pen one at a time, and can be prevented one at a time. Traffic safety is. almost entirely a matter of human behaviour. Safety is everybody's business -- and everybody's opportunity. Workers in the unspectacular field of accident prevention are rarely able to produce evidence to support their claims that safety can be won by effort; that it is easily within the power of the individual to reduce the tragedies that She Oshawa Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher Cc. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshewo Times combin tablished 1871) ond the SNonicle {established 1863), and stotutory holideys ity i ation, The Cenadien Press, Audit Burecu of Circulation end the dg on phn 9 Dailies Asso- ciation, The © to the ww tor repubication off navn 'deupatcned in the paper heigabs> to it or te The Associcted fee and alse the toca! news published Seren. 68 rights of special despatches ere The Oshewe bere ts published daily excepted). Offices: Thomson Building, £9. us University Aah Toronto, Ontario: 640 Cathcort § . Montrecl, PQ. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by corriers in Oshowa, Whitby, Ajax, coe he gg egg Brooklin, -- Perry, -- Hampton, Frenchman's tego Dunbarton, Tnniaxilien, ord, Brougham, leremont, PE grcccngiy ot { and Neweest over 45¢ week, By mail (in Province of Sota outside per ples delivery creos 12.00 per yeor rovinces ith Countries 100. USA. and Fools 24,00. Circulation for ne ewe of November 30, 1 18,006 Burketon, lon, scourge the whole population, But Safe Driving Week December 1 to 7 did produce such evidence, Traffic deaths were halved in Ontario during Safe Driving Week. Fourteen traffic fatalities were reported as against the average of four a day for this time of year. Chance undoubtedly played a part in this stimulating improvement. But was it all chance? How many lives were saved directly by the nation-wide appeals to drive and walk with a little extra caution during the campaign? Fred H. Ellis, general manager of the Ontario Safety League who co-ordinated the campaign in Ontario says: "All drivers and pedestrians, police, safety workers, and public information media who contributed to Ontario's effort must feel tremendous satisfaction at the result. It is encouraging evidence that combined and sustained efforts by groups and individuals can successfully attack the grave problem of traffic acci- dents. "Our big hope is that the effort, and the improvement. will be continued through the dangerous holiday period, and beyond. We want our streets and highways to be used safely by all -- not abused dangerously by the few. 1962 will indeed by a Happy New Year if we can maintain the extra measure of safety we found in Safe Driving Week." Bible Thought The Lord said to David, "Whereas it was in your heart to build a house for my name, you did well that it was in your heart." -- II. Chronicles 6:8. REPORT FROM U.K. Private Railway Proves Profitable By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent For the Oshawa Times LONDON -- A group of Sus- sex citizens have proved that a railway. line which was closed by British Railways because it was declared a losing proposi- tion, can be made to pay. This stretch of railway, now known as the Bluebell line, operated by a group of amateurs, can claim to be the only railway line in Britain to make a profit. In its first full year of operations it has earned a profit of $8,500. -The Bluebell Railway is a five mile stretch of railway line run- ning from East Grinstead to Lewes, in Sussex, Nearly two years ago, British Railways de- cided that, as this was not a paying line, it would be closed and the station at Sheffield Park dismantled. Residents of the area it served had depended upon it for their transportation. They protested the closure, but to no.avail. Then some of them had a QUEEN'S PARK Insurance Could Be Active Field By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--One of our com- ing major activities in the pro- vincial field almost certainly is in insurance. The trends are all that way. There is the growth of discount insurance, much of it sold by mail and by-passing the agent. There is the increasing pres- sure for co-operative and state insurance. And there are auto rates which are going up and up. The stage is set for an up- heaval. SACRED COW To date most of the ball carrying in this field has been done by the NDP. The old parties have not paid too much attentjon to insurance as such, though they did get into it incidentally through the ques- tion of compulsory automobile insurance, The unusual circumstance that many of their members are in the insurance business has tended to make them timid. Insurance has been something of a sacred cow. But the timidity will even- tually disappear before the pres- sures. It will have to. HEAVY COST The NDP member for Toronto Woodbine, Kenneth Bryden, put figures before the house to show that 40 per cent of the insurance dollar is going in administra- tion costs. Only 60 per cent is paid out in premiums. The public is generally not aware of this as yet. But it will be. And it will not see this as sense, particularly as it watches its premiums mounting. PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM "Inflation is mostly psycho- logical," says an economist. All we know is that this psycho- logical situation is keeping us broke. ee One small thing you might be thankful for is that of the many sick jokes that were cir- culating some months ago, most of them were so sick that they have died. "People the world over are very much alike," says a so- ciologist. It's little wonder, then, that the world is in the fix it's in. "The liver, rather than the heart, is the seat of the emo- tions and affections,' says a physician. Maybe so, but a fellow would feel pretty silly calling his No. 1. girl "sweetliver." And its temper will not be im- proved by statements such as that of A. H. Cowling, PC whip and an insurance agent. Mr. Cowling said indignantly in the House, "The insurance agent is working for the com- panies. He is appointed by the companies." The public always has be- lieved that the insurance agent was also working for it, protect- ing its interests. That, in fact, this was the only really justifi- cation for his substantial com- missions. HANG ON Our way of social progress slowly, but certainly, drops sur- plus fat--appendages that don't earn their way. The insurance industry would seem to be in this boat. If we happened to be in this business today, our fond hope would be that the upheaval would not be too dramatic, but would be carried out over a pro- longed period so that we could adjust our personal life to it. That is, so prolonged that we wouldn't suddenly find ourselves hee a way of making a liv- ng. bright idea. They formed a com- pany and applied to the British Railways for permission to lease the line and the station, and operate the railway as a private enterprise. The lease was grant- ed last year. It took some time to arrange for rolling stock, and staff, but in April of this year the Bluebell Railway started operating. At the annual meeting of the company operating the line, Bryan Horace May, a London solicitor who acts as manager of the railway in his spare time, reported that it carried 91,268 passengers in the seven months' period. Fares collected amount- ed to $13,500, But the railway also had a profit of $5,400 on, catering and $2,150 on bookstall and shop at its station. Tele- vision and film companies paid the company $3,000 for filming facilities. RECEIVED GRANT Bluebell Railway, Limited, the company which runs the line, also received a grant of $5,400 from the Preservation Society, raised from subscriptions and competitions, The company has another advantage over British Railways. Members of the So- ciety often work for the line without pay. Expenses included $7,400 for rates and rent to Brit- ish Railways. Next year, the company plans to spend $5,800 on improvements. Recently, an agreement was made by which the company's trains could run over the Brit sh Railways -line from Sheffield Park to Horsted Keynes rail- This was the first time that a way station. This was the first time that a steam train from a private line was allowed to run over British Railway tracks. This enabled passengers to buy through tick- ets to London from the Bluebell Line's southern terminus. For each through ticket British Rail- ways received $2.10 and the Bluebell Line 30 cents, and more than 2,000 passengers bought joint through season tickets. In January, Mr. May will be- come the full-time general man- ager of the railway at a basic salary of $2,150 a year. He will also receive commission based on the profits. These, had he been so employed this year, would have brought his earnings up to $3,250. "We have got plans for the Bluebell Railway for the future," says Mr. May, "but so far we have not done so badly for a crowd of amateurs." INSIDE YOU Pains That Shoot From Back To Toe By BURTON H. FERN, MD What helps sciatica -- back- ache that often shoots down the thigh and leg? It usually starts with pres- sure or irritation on any branch of the sciatic nerve, from the small of your back to the tip of your toes. Occasionally, slug- gish circulation, vitamin lack and uncontrolled diabetes bring on irritating chemical changes. Bony icicles and ridges -- osteoarthritis -- around nerve openings along the spine may pinch nerve fibers, The cushion- ing disc between spinal bones may slip out of place and press on nerves. Muscle tears, torn ligaments connecting spine and pelvis, ab- normal-spinal bones and scars from old back' injuries can all trigger sciatica. You can't tell which. Even your doctor has trouble! Unless the pain is mild, hop into bed and call him, LIE DOWN Horizontal living rests your back, especially when a %4"' ply. wood board under the mattress prevents sagging. Slide a pillow under strdight \ ie knees that stretch sciatic nerves painfully. : Aspirins soothe most pain, but for this your doctor has to prescribe stronger medicine, He may inject numbing procaine into certain "trigger areas' to relax painful muscle spasm or twist your back to stretch shrunken old scars. For soothing, moist heat, ap- ply a warm, wet towel and cover with a dry towel and waterproof plastic. A heating pad or infrared bulb can warm the moist pack when it cools. Warm baths feel like paradise! CUT THOSE CALORIES Adhesive strapping and spe- cial corsets and braces help sup- port your back. Cut calories, and your back won't have to support so much. Stand straight, but relaxed. Strengthen abdominal muscles that help anchor the spine. Lie on your back with hips. and knees bent, Raise your head, hold, and let down 5 to 10 times twice a day, gradually increas- ing. Don't expect miracles! Your back may take mgnths to heal. Bone. isn't built in a-dayl , OTTAWA REPORT National Feeling Security Obstacle By PATRICK NICHOLSON Mankind today seeks security first and foremost; be this job security, old age pensions, or the world peace without which any pension would be meaning- less in the nuclear age. The United Nations has failed to guarantee the security of world peace, because each of the big powers can thwart any positive action by the veto--and Russian frequently does, The North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion has failed to create the united str which would en- sure peace, because it is just an jance for co-operation but not co-ordination, and requires the assent of all its members for action; thus even the smallest ally can exercise the veto. There have been many criti- cisms of the performance of NATO or of its members: its concentration on military mat- ters--Suez, Algeria and others-- but especially its restriction to Europe despite the world-wide nature of the cold war in which NATO is the hub of the free world. It could be argued that these basic criticism, which is of the loose association and lack of au- thority within NATO, UNDEMOCRATIC CONTROL The chief urgan of NATO is the Council Yet this is merely a consultative body, each mem- ber of which can only refer rec- ommendations to his govern- ment for action. It meets at the level of ministers--rarely and briefly--or of permanent repre sentatives--who are civil ser- Vi There has been objection to cabinet ministers controlling the destinies of NATO, and not al- ways reporting back to their parliaments because of lack of time. There has b to NATO's policy-forming being in the hands of civil servants, diplomats, generals and ad- Diplomat Finds Canada _- Fascinating Panorama OTTAWA (CP)--Francis La- coste, departing dean of the Ot- tawa diplomatic corps, says there is something about Canada that fascinates him. Relaxing in the birchbark and knotty pine atmosphere of the French Embassy's Canada Roem, he tried to explain. "Tt is the contradiction, or at least the contrast, between two aspecs of the same natjonal idenity. They give Canada a dual attraction and fascination to which I have been very sensi- tive." Continuing in his clipped, al- most flawless English, he said that on the one hand there is a "faithfulness to tradition"'--a canis he discerned in both the tesa and English communi- tie On the other there was "this novel pioneering aspect, espe- cially in the West and North." Mr. Lacoste, at 56 a veteran of 33 years in the diplomatic service, has represented France here since Feb. 18, 1955, Now he is being transferred to Brussels. SAW CANADA Foreign diplomats often see more of Canada during their relatively brief stays than most Canadians see in a lifetime. But few have seen as much of the land as Mr. Lacoste. As French ambassador, he is expected to pay regular calls in Quebec and the French-speak- ing communities in New Bruns- wick, Nova Scotia and Manitoba. Being a diplomat, he could not appear to be playing favorites. He ended up doing an immense i amount of travel in all prov- inces. In 1957, for example, he calculated he spent more than one-third his time outside Ot- tawa. He has rubbed shoulders. with gold miners, iron miners and lumberjacks from Newfound- land to British Columbia and visited so many paper mills he "got to be almost an expert" on the industry. BY-GONE DAYS 30 YEARS AGO Hun W. G. Martin, Ontario Minster of Public Welfare, was the speaker at the annual meet- ing of the Children's Aid So- cieiy. H. P. Schell was re-elccted its president for 1932. Tne Masonic Research §o- ciety of Oshawa held its first mecting in the Masonic Temple with Bro. William Moull of Fidelity Lodge, Toronto, the guest speaker. R. W. Bro. E. F. Farrow, president of the Society, presided over the meet- ing. Mayor Ernie Marks an- nounccd that he would not be a candidate for' mayor in the forthcoming civic election. Oshawa Hockey Club appoint- ed C. E. 'avish, president and Neil K. Hezzelwood, secre- tary-treasurer for the 1931-32 season. The Ontario Regiment Band, under the direction of Band- master Thomas Dempsey, pre- sented a fine concert in the - 'Regent Theatre in aid of the Oshawa Associated Welfare Societies. Oshawa Chamber of Com- Merce sponsored an active "Buy-in-Oshawa" campaign for the Christmas shopping season. R. N. Bassett was elécted president of the Oshawa Kiwanis Club for the ensuing year. The "Oshawa Citizens' Band held a-'social event for mem- bers and ex-members of the band in the Rotary Hall with A. H. White president of the bard as chairman. A. J. Knox, formcr Bandmaster of the band, rendered a 'cello solo and Jack Askew an accordion solo. Miss M. Oughterson, head- mistress of Bishop Bethune College, adressed the Home and School Council on the Subject of "Appreciation of Education' at a meeting in the Collegiate Beard Room. le annual Christmas Fair at Port Perry attracted hundreds of people to the Livestock and Poultry Show. He also paid numerous visits to the.North where half the Ro- man Catholic missionaries are natives of France. NEVER STRANGERS He has flown over Old Crow, in the Yukon's northwest cor- ner, and seen the mouth of the Mackenzie River; and watched whales being cut up after the whaling fleet put into an arctic inlet, "I really feel I have formed a network of friendships and as- sociations covering all the prov- inces, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon," he says. "It seems my family and I will never really be strangers in Canada. If we come back 10 years from now it will be like coming home." A native of Paris whose fam- ily came from the Basque coun- try of southwest France, Mr. Lacoste has been dean of the diplomatic corps since 1959. The job entails acting as spokesman for the corps in its relations with the Canadian government --a sort of diplomat's diplomat. |. NATO," }, former CCF MP, t mirals who are not directly re- sponsible to the electors. ."I should like to see more democratic control over Alistair Stewart, the Parlia- ment. "It would be desirable to have am Atlantic Assembly of elected representatives; and only thus could a real sense of community be developed." This proposal has been = sae ag by many people any lands, perhaps never 4 or nag by Louis St. Laurent, "speaking as our prime minister criticisms stem from the more in Germany some years ago: "It has become increasingly clear to all members of NA that our very survival depends upon our ability to look beyond national barriers, Many of us believe that the peoples living about the great basin of the At- lantic Ocean might well seek economic betterment, political stability and self-defence in a closer integration of their ma- chinery of government." That proposal is deplored by old-style nationalists, who object that it would create a super- state robbing us of our sover+ eignty, leading to our domina- tion by larger countries, and sacrificing Canadian well-being to the whim of irresponsible for- objection eigners. WHAT IS SOVEREIGNTY? One expert defines sover- eignty as "supreme ao which is independent of i other earthly authority." ere specifically, it might be de- scribed as independence, or ab- pie 4 --- over a state's in- ernal affairs, foreign policy, world trade, and the decision of war or peace. But how much such "'sover- eignty" does Canada or any other country enjoy today, in fields such as world trade (hedged about by international agreements and other nations' restrictions), foreign policy (limited by treaties voluntarily entered into), or even the ulti- mate issue of war? Little Prince Edward Island does not complain that its sov- ereignty is surrendered to a supra - provincial assembly lo- cated at faraway Ottawa, be- cause that parliament includes P.E.I.'s own elected representa- tives' Nor does that province feel that its interests are swamped in that assembly by more populous provinces -- be- cause the Senate exists to cor- rect represeniational imbalance, Using that same _ concept, many people today believe that it would benefit us individually to elect representatives to an Atlantic Parliament, in which we would make our sovereignty work for us by pooling it with the sovereignty of the Briton, the Texan, the Frenchman, the New Yorker and others. Europe Looking Forward To Another Boom | Year LONDON (AP)--Despite po- litical turmoil and threat of in- flation, Western Europe swept through another boom year in 1961 and confidently predicts an ce prosperous new year in 62, A. country-by-country survey by The Associated Press showed 1961 as another glowing chap- ter in Europe's post-war eco- nomic miracle. It was a picture of higher liv- ing standards generally, lavish- ly-stocked store shelves, more luxury goods, an ever - rising curve in production, low unem- ployment, increased car sales and more people buying radios, television sets, refrigerators and similar products. Only Britain seemed to be lagging in the Western Europe boom. But despite heavy taxa- tion. Britain is chock-full of consumer goods and has one of the highest standards of living in the world. LABOR SHORTAGE To many, one of the most re- markable economic develop- ments of 1961 was that almost every country had labor short- ages--even Italy, long bothered by chronic unemployment and still a big supplier of labor to other countries.. All this happened 16 years after a disastrous Second World War that brought misery and hunger to most of Europe. BRITAIN This nation had international economic emergency aid dur- ing the year. Britain's adverse balance of payments in interna- tional trade forced the country to take restrictive steps to stop spending The counry also had to get a huge loan from the International Monetary Fund. The bank rate which governs interest on loans skyrocketed to seven per cent, then was low- ered. Things looked brighter for the future. Trade boomed ves woe il ction expat i nce . able balance of trade. The out- look for the coming year is fcr continued expansion and for. a continued favorable trade bal- ance, There was growing confidence in the- franc asa hard cur- rency. This is reflected in the fact that private credits and in- vestments totalled four times what they were in 1959. WEST GERMANY The font - war boom levelled off-in the second half of 1961. Most business observers, how- ever, remained optimistic. The levelling off was looked upon as normalization after @ period of overheated business activity. An unwelcome threat of inflation had lurked behind the boom. ITALY The Italian boom continued in 1961 but at a slower rate than 1960. Business circles and gov- ernment officials look to 1962 with optimism. The nation had a favorable balance of trade. BELGIU! ; The economy seems to be go- ing strong despite the after-ef- fects of the loss of The Congo and despite a cloudy internal political future. Economic fig- ures generally were excellent. NETHE! Amid Holland's economic im- provement came warnings of inflationary . tendencies. Home expenditures were expected to grow faster than national pro- duction next year. An acute la- bor shortage will continue. SCANDINAVIA All Scandinavian coun- tries have been enjoying a boom for several years. There are no signs of any imminent reversal of the upward trend. Unemployment is low in Swe- den, Norway, Denmark and Fin- Jand.' There is a shortage of skilled labor in many fields. Communists Make Pagan Festival Of Christmas VIENNA (Reuters) -- Ever siice they came to power, the Communist regimes in Czecho- slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria have been trying to root out Christmas as a re- ligious holiday. . In official jargon, Christmas ha; become the "winter festi- val" and Father Christmas and St. Nicholas have been replaced by "Grandfather Frost." But no matter how much the Communist officials play around with words, Christmas is still celebrated in millions of homes as the anniversary of the bixth of Christ. Churches are still filled to overflowing on Christmas Day and the Christ- mao tree is still regarded by rea people as a religious sym- ol Most of the traditional cus- - toms still survive in Hungary ee efforts to stamp them out. Children tour the streets sing- ing carols, carrying collection boxes in the shape of a chapel, and perform nativity plays in every hospitable house. Christmas Eve itself is a family occasion to which out- * sidcrs are rarely invited. The menu for the Christmas-Eve dinner is virtually the same thrcughout the country -- fish and "'beigli'--a special cake filled with minced meat, wal- nuts and poppy-seeds. RELICS GONE In Czechoslovakia, state-run stores no longer sell replicas of the Christ Child in His crib, or of the angels, stars or other re- ligious "relics" used to deco+ rate Christmas trees. Instead they offer models of sputniks, space ships and other toys fash- ioned after Communist achieves ments, :