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The Osha Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited, 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ont. Page 6 Tuesday, September 19, 1961 Inspection Not Useful Grand Jury Function Panels of seven good men and true will assemble soon at county seats across Ontario to perform the ancient functions of grand jurors. Some of their func- tions will be necessary; in others the jurors will be little more than rubber stamps, the Windsor Star notes. Few will quarrel with the main task of the grand jury to visit the County Jail and make sure that no one is being improperly held prisoner. Isolated ins- tances of grand juries discovering such cases justify the need for continuing this function. In addition, the knowledge that juries will be at work keeps jail and court authorities on their toes. Nor can there be any serious quarrel with another duty of the grand jury, to hear the Crown evidence in criminal cases and decide whether the evidence merits taking the accused person to trial before a judge and jury. This second function gives little or no advantage to the prosecution, but offers one more safeguard against the conviction of an innocent person. If for this reason alone, it is worth preserving. The fact that grand juries quite fre- quently throw out criminal charges is proof that this function is no mere routine. It is the third main function of a grand jury, the inspection of institutions supported by public funds, that is open to question, the Star thinks. While such inspections are necessary it is doubtful whether the grand jury system is the best method of carrying them out. The main difficulty is that grand jury visits to every institution can be anti- cipated and prepared for by those authorities whose stewardship the jurors are supposed to investigate. If public charges are being mistreated, or public funds wasted, those at fault have the opportunity to cover up in readiness for the grand jury's visit. Even in the great majority of cases where those in charge of public institu- tions are hard-working, sincere and de- voted, there can be a tendency for the grand jurors to be used merely as a means of amplifying the administrator's personal wishes for improving the insti- tution. Led by one person whom they presume to be an expert ,the jurors may overlook any urgent needs which that person also overlooks. There is doubt ,too, about the weight placed on a grand jury's recommenda- tions by the public bodies to which it reports. A grand jury report can easily be pigeon-holed by a council; seldom do the jurors press their findings beyond their formal report. It took many years of grand jury criticism, for example, before improvements were made to the Essex County courthouse. * * % For the inspection of public institu- tions, the grand jury could well be replaced 'by a system of provincially appointed . inspectors who would make their visits unannounced. Expert and unprejudiced, these ins- pectors would have a much better chance of uncovering irregularities than the grand jurors whose visits are expected and prepared for. Armed with provincial authority, the findings and recommend- ations of such inspectors would also car- ry more weight and produce results more quickly. Safety On The Farm The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce has prepared a very inform- ative little brochure on safety on the farm. Its appearance in recent weeks has been most timely, for with harvest- ing in full swing it comes at a time when accidents on the farm are most likely to occur. In fact, statistics gleaned from two major surveys of farm accidents made recently by farming interests in this country, show that, as the brochure puts it "one quarter of all farm accidents occur during the months of july and August." It is reasonable to assume that the proportion will continue to be rela- tively high for some time to come -- even beyond the period of harvesting. In any event, the surveys, conducted over a 12-month period, show that each year one member of every fourth farm family in Canada is an accident victim. Collectively, the result is rather startling -- 112,493 days laid off work; medical bills totalling $700,977, and property damage in excess of $5,000,000. How this compares with even a few years ago when the farm was less mechanized, we do not know, but we would hazard a guess that because farm- ing has become a highly mechanized operation the risk of accidents, and therefore the number of times they occur ,is greater. In the industrial world it has long since been discovered that because of the hazards of mechanization safety rules are a "must." It has been easier to enforce such rules in factories and else- where where people work in groups, but in agriculture, the farmer is gen- erally his own boss, makes his own safety rules, and is the only one who can do anything about farm accidents and their prevention. Because of this individual aspect of farm safety, it is natural for the farmer to feel that "it can't happen here" and to take unnecessary risks. But the changing aspect of farming makes it more and more imperative for the farmer to school himself in the safety rules tollowed so rigidly by industry with considerable success. As the little brochure issued by the bank puts it to the farmers: "You, of necessity, must be the plant safety en- gineer or accident conscious foreman for yourself and your family. You must make the safety rules and ensure that they must be obeyed." If a farmer has not already accepted this new kind of safety consciousness he may think it isn't worth the extra time and effort. The facts and figures of the surveys, so graphically illustrated in the bank's little brochure, indicate the very opposite is true and that extra precautions taken to prevent accidents may pay big dividends to the farmer, his family, and the economy as a whole. Mosquito Trackdown Deep in the south Pacific, on the Tokelau islands about midway between Hawaii and Australia, an answer is being Fhe Oshawa Times 1. L. WILSON, Publisher and General Manager C. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times established 1871) and the Whitby: Gazette and Chroni: {established 1863), is. published daily Sundays and statutory holidays excepted). Members of Canadian Daily Newspoper Publishers Association, The Canadian Press, Audit Bureou of Circulation and the Ontario Provinciol Dailies Asso- ciation. The Conodian Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein All rights of special despotches ore also reserved. Offices: Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, PQ. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton Orono, Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood, Kinsale, Ruaglon Blackstock, Manchester Pontypool and Newcastle, not over 45¢ per week. By mail (in Province of Ontario) outside carriers' delivery areas 12.00 per year. Other Provinces and Commonwealth Countries 15.00 USA. and Foreign 24.00. Circulation for the issue of March 30, 1961 17,363 Enniskillen, sought to the question: Can a mosquito be wiped out by a fungus foe? In 1958 ,as part of the international geophysical year, a team of British and New Zealand scientists visited the Toke- laus to observe a solar eclipse. With them went Dr. Marshall Laird of Can- ada's McGill university and Dr. Donald Colless of the University of Malaya, Singapore, plus a supply of a Malayan parasitic fungus. The two that if "planted" in breeding grounds the fun- scientists hoped gus would infect and destroy the mos- quito that transmits filariasis, a wide- spread disease that may take the form of elephantiasis, Recently Dr, Laird again visited the ° islands. Among other ways, he tested mosquito density by having a native volunteer expose himself at the same place and time of day as on the original visit. The result: An average of 60 mos- quitoes in 15 minutes originally; about 30 now. "The experiment," Dr, Laird said, "is not discouraging." REPORT FROM U.K. Approved Schools Expensive Proj By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent To The Oshawa Times London -- A report issued by the children's department of the Home Office reveals that it costs more to maintain each child in the approved schools than it does to send them to a public schools such as Eton and Harrow. Approved schools are institutions where children likely to become de- linquent, or who have been sent there by juvenile courts and cared for and trained. The children's department of the Home Office is responsible for some 61,700 children who are in the care of local authorities in England and Wales. The cost of maintaining a child at one of these approved schools has risen to over $1400 a year. The bill for maintaining them has risen from $22 a week in the fiscal year of 1954-1955 to $27.25 in the last year. In comparison with that, the fees at Eton School amount to just over $1300 a year and for Harrow School they are about $1290. COUNCILS PAY HALF The principle on which these approved schools are operated is the local councils are requir- ed to contribute about half of the cost for each child from their area admitted to a school. The latest rate of contribution was fixed in April of this year at ect $16.40 per week for each child. This increase over the figure of the previous year suggests that there has been a further sub- stantial rise in the maintenance costs since the report just is- sued by the Home Office was compiled. Half of the maintenance bill is for saiaries of staff and about one-fifth for food and clothing. When they are able to do so, parents are expected to make some contribution to the cost. The average payment by par- ents, however, amounts to only about one dollar per week. NOT ALL DELINQUENTS By no means all of the children in the approved schools, how- ever, are delinquents. More than 60 per cent of those who were taken into care in the last year did so because of the ill- ness of parents, or because of the confinement of their moth- ers, and their stay in these cases was for only a short period. Fewer than three percent were illegitimate children who could not be cared for by their moth- ers. Seven percent were com- mittel to care by the courts, and 6.8 percent were children from homeless or evicted familites. Children are now being placed in increasing numbers in small family homes for from six to twelve boys and girls, under the care of a house-mother. This is now being preferred to placing them in large institu- tion-like homes and schools. INSIDE YOU You Can Prevent Sties On Eyelids By BURTON H. FERN, MD With the prom only a few days off, a red bulging sty broke out on Debby's lower eyelid. What caused it? And how could she make it go away? External sties begin when germs -- like staphylococcus -- creep into oil or sweat glands around the roots of egelashes. Internal sties start when infec- tion penetrates deep into special glands that open on the edge of eyelids. Fingers often from minor skin vulnerable eyelids. When you need new glasses or are suffering from eyestrain, this susceptibility increases. Sickness, poor diet, and over- fatigue always leave you wide open to infection. BRIGHT LIGHTS IRRITATE Fiery external sties bulge ten- derly around lashes. Unless treated, they soon swell to a head, break open and ooze. Pain shrinks as the sty fades! Internal sties hurt more. Their red tender inflammation bulges inwards. The sty looks like a small pea trapped inside the lid. The surgeon usually has to open internal sties whey they're ready to drain. These infections often return again and again. Debby's doctor prescribed eye drops containing both a germ- killer and a cortisone-like medi- cine that melts red inflamma- tion. ANTIBIOTIC CAPSULES To guarantee speedy recovery, Debby had to gulp down giant antibiotic capsules every few hours. Cold soaks could have soothed her pain. But Debby preferred warm applications for ten minutes four times a day -- to carry germs infections to increase blood flow and hasten recovery. Prevent new sties! Treat minor skin infections before they spread to the eye. Eat and sleep well to keep resistance up. TEST VISION Arrange to have your vision tested. New glasses can correct old eyestrain! Did Debby get to her prom? Oh yes! And she was the belle of the ball with cute new eye- glasses! PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM "Certain ancients held the planets responsible for most of their troubles," says a historian. That was far less expensive than setting up and maintaining gov- ernmenis on which to blame troubles. If money won't buy happiness, as the saying goes, at least it will buy many things that make a number of people believe they're happy. In contradistinction to snow- falls, we can be thankful that heat never physically impedes traffic, and humidity is rarely concentrated enough to do so. "Within a few years the human life span would be in- creased to 125 years," says a health cultist. If this were done, a few people might live to the age of discretion. Before church buildings were air-conditioned, doubtless many sinners were moved to repent by the heat in the summer and the pasteboard fans carrying the advertisement of an undertaker. | the Williams il here, prior to BYGONE DAYS 20 YEARS AGO Duplate Glass Co. purchased a half acre of land between Oshawa street and the railway tracks from the city to expand its industry. Reginald G. Geen, president of the Oshawa Branch of On- tario Music Teachers' Associa- tion, was elected vice-president at the 5th annual convention held in Toronto. H. A. "Hal" Rogers of To- ronto, founder of the Kinsmen movement, opened the local club's model home on King street east. Proceeds of the sale were dedicated to purchase milk for Briatin. A.W. "Army" Armstrong re- tained the men's singles club championship of the Oshawa Tennis Club, and the R. S. Mc- Laughlin Trophy for the ninth time in the last 10 years. Ralph R. Mowbray, a native of Pickering Township, former Warden of Ontario County, pass- ed away in his 94th year. Preparations were in pro- gress for the' centenary cele- bration at Simcoe Street United Church. Douglas M. Young won the men's championship of the Oshawa Golf and Country Club and the R. S. McLaughlin Tro- phy for the second consecutive year. W. R. Strike, ex-mayor of Bowmanville, was re-elected president of the Eastern On- tario Municipal Electric Associ- ation, which he was active in founding six years ago. William Boddy, past chairman and mem- ber of the Oshawa Public Utili- ties Commission, was re-elected vice-president. D. B. Carylye, of Winnipeg since 1932, former manager of Piano Company its dissolution, was a visitor in Oshawa. A son, David Carlyle, won the Queen's University Scholarship for the whole of Manitoba and his brother, William, was runner- up in that competition. They attended Centre Street School. OTTAWA REPORT Unanimity Shown In World Views PATRICK NICHOLSON The big guns of our Parlia- ment thundered impressively during the debate on interna- tional affairs, which marked the reassembly of our legislators. They were impressive for their commonsense and frankness, and for the rare but all the more remarkable unison in which they thundered. Liberal Leader Mike Pearson had said that Prime Minister John Diefenbaker "struck just the right note" in his compre- hensive explanation of the Ber- lin crisis, addressed to the Ca- nadian Bar Association in Win- nipeg. Mr. Diefenbaker in re- turn said of his political adver- sary: "I most heartily recipro- cate the words he used. I say of him as he said of me that in his speech in this House I thought he struck the right note." Liberal Hon. Paul Martin and Conservative Hon. Howard Green likewise presented. this shared Canadian viewpoint. In fact the only note of disharmony in the debate came from the far left outfield corner of the Com- mons, occupied by the CCF-NDP grouplet. These four speakers for the Conservative and Liberal par- ties, certainly our four politi- cians best-informed on world af- fairs, seemed to admit tacitly that right and reason are not solely the prerogatives of the West, and that West and East should sit down in a mood of conciliation to negotiate an over- due and needed settlement on Berlin. 1939 WAR IS OVER "The situation which is em- bodied in the 1945 agreement covering Berlin and also a di- vided Germany is an anomalous one as we look at it now," de- clared Mr. Pearson. "It seems to me, with that hindsight which makes everything so much eas- ier, that it was a very foolish agreement indeed to have en- tered into." Few people will not applaud Mr. Pearson's admission. The interim post-war arrangements obviously cannot be perpetu- ated. Bu the terms of the agree- ment reached by Britain, USA and Russia at the Yalta summit meeting in February 1945, Ger- many and Berlin were each to be divided into four zones, oc- cupied respectively by the three Yalta Powers and France. The motive was defined: "Our inflexible purpose is to destroy 'Deep- Freeze' Heart Surgery LONDON (CP)-British sur geons have perfected a new deep-freeze technique in heart operations. With the technique, surgeons can stop the heart with crushed ice during surgery and restart it without any ill effects. A previous method, in which the heart was stopped with chemical injections, was aban- doned because it left some mus- cle damage. The heart is surrounded by ice which brings it to a stand. still for long periods. The Lan- cet, a medical journal, de- scribed the new technique and said that so far 36 operations have been carried out success- fully at Guy's Hospital in Lon- don. Patients being operated on had holes in their hearts, blocked heart valves or other defects. None of the operations left any impairment. NOW ROUTINE The technique was devised by South African-born Dr. Donald Ross. He and his team used it first to relieve blockages in the main valve leading out of the heart, but now are using it as routine in many heart cases. VELLOW PAGES BULLETIN SUBMERGED REAL ESTATE CREATES PROBLEM ACCORDING TO HERODOTUS, SURVEYING WAS 'INVENTED' BY EARLY EGYPTIAN PRIESTS TO SETTLE PROPERTY DISPUTES AFTER NILE FLOODS WASHED AWAY LANDMARKS, HAS BECOME SO EXACT TODAY | THAT SURVEYORS, LISTED IN THE YELLOW PAGES, CAN ATTAIN ACCURACIES WITHIN ¥8 INCH IN A MILE, \N 852, SURVEYORS USED A THEODOLITR TO CALCULATE MT.EVEREST AS 29,160¥FEET HIGH, LATER NAMED A THEODOLITE AFTER IT. TODAY'S CALCULATION: 29,141 FEET. German militarism and Nazism, and to ensure that Germany will never again be able to disturb the peace of the world. We are determ:ned to disarm and dis- band all German armed forces, break up for all time the Ger- man General Staff, and remove or destroy all German military equipment." Today, 16 years later, we see the four zones of conquered Ger- many and Berlin perpetuated; three are recognized by the West as forming the Federal Re- public of West Germany, and have even been emilitarized by the West; the fourth, recognized and rearmed by Russia as East Germany, we refuse to recog- nize. And we have the anomaly of more than two million citi- zens of West Germany living iso- lated and surrounded in part of a city more than 100 miles deep in East Germany--a geographic anomaly and an administrative absurdity. FREE CITY? Early in 1959 Prime Minister Diefenbaker proposed that the United Nations could play a val- ! uable role in settling the Berlin problem peacefully. This was discussed in our Par- i liament, and later proposed by our then Defence Minister, Hon. George Pearkes, at a NATO conference in Washington. Now again Mr. Diefenbaker has put forward this overlooked sugges- tion. He proposed last week that a UN force might maintain or- der in Berlin and supervise the access routes through East Ger- many. Perhaps implicit in this con- cept is the creation of a free city protected by international guarantees; in some circles the Diefenbaker plan is being dis- cussed as the basis for transfer- ring the headquarters of the UN to that free city, thus meeting the Russian objection to the New York site, and ending the valid complaint that the eco- nomic and community activity in the world's wealthiest city dwarfs the international impor- tance of the UN. i The successful negotiation of such a practical solution would require some backing down by the West as well as by Russia. 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