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18 THE OSHAWA TIMES, Monday, June 19, 1961 New Africa Shakes Off Dark Past History Written for The ASSOCIATED PRESS By ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE Copyright, 1961, By The Associated Press The problems arising from the impact of modern life on Africa are much in our minds today. Our attention is being held, and our anxiety is being kept at a stretch, by disturbing news from Africa, the Rhodesias, and The Congo among other opening up of the Americas and even Australia and New Zea- land. The impact of modern life on Africa south of the Sahara has been a disturbing experience. The impact has come later, it has come suddenly, and it has) taker, forms that were bound to arouse resentment. Its first form was slavery; its second was colonialism; 'and the re- verse process of "decoloniza- tion," which has set in at such tween them in mind, we shall find that the outlook is compara- tively dark in South Africa, Southern' Rhodesia, the former Belgian Congo and the present Portuguese colonies, while it is comparatively bright in West Africa (both former British and former French) and in Uganda and Tanganyika. In Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Ruanda- Crundi and Kenya the outlook 8 minority that has had a mod- ern education--for two or three| generations in some cases. For these various reasons, the outiook for the West African countries is relatively favorable. We may reasonably expect to see them manage their own af- fairs. We may have the same expectations for Uganda and for Tanganyika, two East African countries that are exceptional in it would be a mistake to expect to see this common ordeal pro- duce uniform consequences. In Africa south of the Sahara, the situation varies from country to country. DIFFERENT SETUPS is doubtful. {INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL enjoying what one might call {West African conditions. At the opposite end of the scale we find South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. In the popu- lation of these two African coun- tries there is a minority of European settlers; and, in both these countries, these settlers have the government in their hands. South Africa is entirely independent, and Southern Rho- desia is virtually so. The dominant Dutch-speaking wing of the ruling European mi- nority in South Africa is de- termined to maintain Ms as- cendency. The Afrikaners contend that their treatment of the African majority is solely their own af- fair, and that the rest of the world has no right to intervene. This claim is surely unreason- able. The world cannot be in- different to local injustice and oppression anywhere. This is in- tolerable in itself, and it is doubly intolerable when it has the effect, abroad, of exaggerat- drawing economic profits from it, for an indefinite time to come. Consistently with this inten- tion, Belgium deliberately *"'con- ditioned'" her Congolese sub- ject: She trained them for ele- mentary industrial jobs in which they were useful to her, but she prevented them from obtaining any higher education and from gaining experience in running the country through being given responsible posts. ing racial tension in other coun- tries that have the problem of a mixed population on their hands. The former Belgian Congo re- sembles West Africa in being, for the most part, a country in which Europeans cannot perma- nently make themselves at home. The main cause of the present deplorable situation there is Belgium's intention, un- til a short time ago, to go on ruling The Congo, and to go on Northern Rhodesia and the {Katanga province of the former {Belgian Congo are of outstand- ing importance on account of their mineral wealth. This makes them potential seats of Store Hours: There are two main differ- heavy industry, in contrast to ences that it is important 10 ngs of the rest of Africa south bear in mind. There is the dif-| of the Sahara, where agricul- ference between countries with |; o ceems likely to remain the an all-African population and|giane source of livelihood and countries with a mixed popula-| here the soil is mostly poor. African countries. : "These names that spring first high speed since the end of the to mind are reminders that the|Second World War, is a victory African that is causing this con- for justice and for liberation but cera is not the whole of the Afri-|is not a solution of the African can continent. It is, above all, problem, Africa south of the Sahara; for| It js, indeed, a problem in it- it is here that the impact of self, because liberation from modern life has come suddenly European rule cannot bring with and has therefore come as ait an escape from modern life shock. | NATURE IS RESPONSIBLE | Nature has done her worst to insulate Africa from the civil: {zed world. By turning the Sa- hara from a parkland into a desert, she sealed off the north-| ern approaches to central and| southern Africa overland. By| making the central African rivers fall over the escarpment] of a plateau at relatively short distances from the coast, nature and a return to the state of cul- tural stagnation in which most of Africa south of the Sahara wa: living before modern life broke in upon it. Af) south of the Sahara yhi i jon i icu- | rica which the situation is partie gen there In 'their torn. Euro. has been overtaken by the im-| pact of modern life while its} peoples have been, for the most, part, tional stage of change has battered their frai' ways of life to pieces be-| tion that includes European andj Asian minorities; and there is the difference between countries in which the former European government has helped th local Africans to prpare themselves for managing their own affairs and countries in which the Afri- cans liberately from gaining experi- ence of modern life, for fear that this might put it in their power to insist on recovering their independence. The African countries in larly dangerous today are, © course, those with a mixed popu- lation and those in which the still in the pre-civiliza-| Africans have been deliberately|iobs there, and they leave West of culture. The wind hindered from gaining experi- Africa on retirement. ence of modern life. In a coun- try in which these two handi- hac made these rivers useless|fore it has inspired them to de-|caps tn progress coexist, as they for serving as channels for|mand a place for themselves inido in South Africa, the situation penetrating the interior fro the sea. For these physiographical reasons, the opening up of Af-| This sudden violent tornado | If we survey the different any other part of Africa south | re-|has swept over all parts of parts of Africa south of the Sa- of the Sahara; and in all the | Africa south of the Sahara, but/hara with these distinctions be-|(West African countries there is rica by civilization was tarded. It came later than the kind. | m [the modern world on an equallis tense and the outlook is| The coast of West Africa has| {footing with the rest of man-'alarming to the degree at which been exposed to European influ- it becomes tragic. have been hindered de-| West Africa stands out here las being also relatively fortu- inate economically. Though West, |Africa is an agricultural region, lit produces cash crops for ex- {port which usually command a |good price on the world market. The West African climate that |favors these valuable crops has 9:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Open Friday Night . until 9 lalso saved West Africa from {being intruded on by European |settlers. The climate is such {that Europeans cannot make [themselves at home in West |Africa and cannot bring up chil- |peans come to West Africa as {adults to take up professional | On these terms of temporary |residence, Europeans can be {useful to West Africa without being dangerous to her. | lences for a longer period than | = Another thing a good father takes time out for is a - FAMILY SECURITY CHECK-UP | If it isn't a ball game it's a parade, or a picnic. It takes time to be a good father. But being a good father al an hour or so--to make sur so calls for time out--for only ¢ that the financial provisions you have made for your family will do what you intend. Are you sure your family wil 1 be cared for no matter what? Now, Metropolitan, the company you look to for authoritative information on physical health, offers you a way to check your financial health--the Family Security Check-Up. 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