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Fhe Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited, 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ont. Poge 6 Thursday, April 14, 1960 Great Lakes Pollution Menacing Great Asset Resources Minister Macaulay has confirmed the growing belief that Lakes Ontario and Erie are well on the way to becoming huge cesspolls. He told the Ontario Legislature about the way ships were dumping garbage, sewage and oil into the lakes; how industries are spilling their wastes into the lakes, particularly in the Detroit area; how Americans, including the U.S. Army Corps of En- gineers, have been shovelling hundreds of tons of garbage into the lakes. He announced that the government is forming a Great Lakes "working group" or committee "to make a comp- lete study of lake pollution this sum- mer." It will be headed by Prof. G. B. Langford of the University of Toronto, who was also recently appointed to head a special committee studying oil and gas drilling in the lakes -- a com- mittee that is still holding public hear- ings. The study is needed, but we have . vx: most of the lake pollution comes from the United States side and that the worst offender is Detroit. If that is the case (and Mr. Macaulay has compiled considerable evidence to support his contention), Ontario can set up all the committees and make all the studies possible without coming anywhere close to anything but a partial and inadequate program to combat the pollution. What is clearly necessary for Ontario to take the initiative in the formation of a Great Lakes committee that will include re- presentatives of all the states bordering on Ontario and Erie. It should not be difficult to sell the Americans on the necessity of ending lake pollution. They need that water in a usuable condition at least as much as the people of Ontario do. Lake Erie is already badly polluted. So is Lake Ontario, particularly in the Toronto-Hamilton area. Only the depth and area of Lake Ontario have saved it from more serious pollution. The pollution not only can be stopped, it must be stopped. Fresh, clean water is rapidly becoming a priceless asset throughout North America. The great demands of a groving population and booming industry have been pushing the water tables lower and lower. The Great Lakes are a huge reservoir, cap- ry nh poe ch if the polluters are permitted to con- tinue their filthy practices, the value of this tremendous reservoir will be destroyed, and it will be fit for nothing but the passage of ships -- a passage of dwindling numbers of ships, if the communities which supply the cargoes are hampered by lack of clean water. Battle Against Crime There are lessons for Canada in the current trouble the United States is having with organized crime. The U.S. Congressional committee -- four De- mocrats and four Republicans -- inves- tigating racketeering in the U.S. has agreed that "the grip of hoodlums and racketeers on the American economy continues to grow." Overwhelming evidence has been presented to show that not only are the racketeers well organized in the United States but they are more wealthy and more powerful than ever before. They may not be so overtly violent as they were during the notorious Prohi- bition days, but they wield more power and operate more efficiently. They not only control such profitable and illegal activities as drug peddling, prostitution and various forms of gambling, but have been edging into the legitimate business world. The Democrats on the investigating committee have suggested creation of a national crime commission. It would be an organization to pull together in- formation on racketeers and perhaps conduct a once-a-year hearing on a phase of criminal activity, such as the current migration of gangsters to the southwest and their reported infiltration of the highway construction business in Competition It seems likely that in the near future Canada is going to face even stiffer competition from the United States in the matter of attracting immigrants, commentator C. J. Harris notes. President Eisenhower, moved by the spirit of World Refugee Year, has asked the U.S. Congress for "authorization. for the parole into this country of refugees from oppression." Specifically, the Presi- dent has asked his lawmakers to double the country's present immigration quota, which permits entry of 154,000 persons annually. He has also asked Congress he Oshawa Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher end Generel Meneger €. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times (estoblished 1871) ana the Whitby Gazette and Chronicle (established 1863), is published daily (Sundays and statutory holidays excepted). Members of Canadian Daily Newspapers Publishers Association, The Canadion Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all. news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special despatches are also reserved Offices Thomson Building, 425 University Avenus Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, P.Q SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered 'by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool aunton, Tyrone, Dunborton, Erniskillen, Orono Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont Columbus Fairport each, Greenwood, Kinsale, Roglan, Blackstock, Manchester, Cobourg, Port Hope Pontypool and Newcastle not over 45¢c per week. By mail (in province of Ontario) outside corriers delivery areas 12.00: elsewhere 15.00 per vear Average Daily Net Paid as of March 31, 1960 16,857 the US. The Republicans reject the idea as smacking of a national secret police organization. Independent observers doubt if a new police agency is necessary. They feel the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and state enforcement agencies, are suffi- cient-- if they are permitted to do the jobs for which they were designed. And here is one of the lessons for Canada: police work in the United States is seriously hampered by political inter- ference and subversion; a grave weak- ness, for example, is in the system of election of judges and law enforcement officials within states and communities. We must not give up our system, which has produced a law enforcement struc- ture remarkably free of corruption. Also, the primary job of police forces is the battle against crime, not the harrying of people with different political ideolo- gies. How did the crime syndicates manage to acquire power? Their great oppor- tunity came with the futile and foolish experiment of Prohibition, and they seized the opportunity. The lesson here is the great danger to the legal system and to society in general of the passage of laws that cannot be enforced and do not have the respect of a majority of citizens. For People to do away with racial and national qualifications, The United States, of course, also permits entry of non-quota immigrants. In some recent years the total of the two classes has been over 300,000, and over the past ten years average im- migration to the United States has been about 250,000 annually. Some of these new Americans have been people who used Canada as a stepping-stone to the United States. In the ten years, 345,000 persons have moved from Canada to the United States and about 100,000 of these were newcomers to Canada who stayed here only long enough to qualify for entry to the U.S. It is possible that many more of the post-war immigrants to Canada planned, when they arrived here, to venture on to what had seemed the greener pas- tures south of the border. But having liked what they found in Canada, many of these intended transients decided on permanent residence north of the border. Unfortunately for Canada, the proposed 100 per cent increase in the U.S. immigration quota could mean that in future many who might have come and stayed will go directly to the United States. Canada's intake of immigrants last year was only 106,928, the lowest figure since 1949. And this country's contribu- tion to the spirit of World Refugee Year, which started in mid-1959, was not very substantial. In the last half of 1959, only 1,400 stateless persons were admitted. GALLUP POLL Public Favors Voting Change By AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC OPINION PRINCETON, N.J. Ap.9--With another Presidential election on the horizon, grass roots senti: ment is 2-to-1 in favor of chang- ing the present "winner-take- all" system of the Electoral Col- lege to make it more represen- tative of the will of the people. Under the present method, the candidate who receives a plural- ity of the vote in any state wins all of its electoral votes. In sounding out public opinion on revising the electoral college system, the Gauulp Poll first sought to determine how many voters know what is meant by the "Electoral College." About three out of ten voters, or 32 per cent, had a reason- ably correct idea of the mean- ing of the term, while the re- maining 68 per cent either gave incorrect answers or said they didn't know what the term meant. Each person in the survey was then asked a question in which the general idea of the present system and a proposed change were described as follows: "TODAY, THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE WHO GETS THE MOST POPULAR VOTES IN A STATE TAKES ALL THE ELEC- TORAL VOTES OF THAT STATE. DO YOU THINK THIS SHOULD OR SHOULD NOT BE CHANGED SO THAT EACH OF THE CANDIDATES WOULD RECEIVE THE SAME PROPOR- TION OF ELECTORAL VOTES THAT HE GETS IN THE POPU- LAR VOTE? THIS WOULD MEAN, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT IF A CANDIDATE GETS TWO- THIRDS OF THE POPULAR VOTE IN A STATE, HE WOULD THEN GET TWO-THIRDS OF THE ELECTORAL VOTE OF THAT STATE." Here is the way opinion di- vided among all persons ques- tioned in today's survey: Change Electoral College? -- All Voters -- Should be changed 50% Should not 23 No opinion 2 What the proposed change -- which would require a constitu- tional amendment--would mean in an actual election can be seen by comparing the 1956 electoral vote with what would have hap- pened had the proportional method been in effect. Stevenson, who got 42.2 per cent of the major-party vote, re- ceived only 14 per cent of the electoral votes. Eisenhower, with 57.8 per cent of the major- party vote, received 86 per cent of the electoral vote. If the electoral votes had been divided according to the popular vote, Eisenhower's total would have been reduced from 457 votes to about 307. Stevenson's total would have been about 224 instead of the 74 he actually re- ceived. Judging by some of the incor- rect answers received as to what the Electoral College is, some. Americans have some strange ideas about the present method. Here are just a few of the an- swers Gallup Poll reporters got from voters defining the Elec- toral College incorrectly: "IT'S WHERE THEY TRAIN THE POLITICIANS HOW TO VOTE . . . IT'S PROBABLY SOME KIND OF A COLLEGE AROUND HERE . , . IT'S SOMETHING THEY HAVE ON TV SHOWING PEOPLE HOW TO VOTE . . . IT HELPS PEOPLE TO LIVE COMFORTABLY . . . IT'S WHEN STUDENTS FROM COLLEGE TAKE A VOTE AMONG THEMSELVES." World Copyright Reserved FOR BETTER HEALTH When Is Child's Brain Ready For Learning? HERMAN N. BUNDESEN, MD With all our talk about improv- ing our educational techniques, it seems that we have overlooked at least one very important fac- tor -- the capabilities of the human brain. There are periods in our de- velopment when the brain is best used for learning certain things. But, it would appear, a good deal of our standard education practices fail to consider this. AFTER PUBERTY For example, subjects that re- quire reasoning and abstract thought might better be taught after puberty age -- 18 to 17 for boys and 13 to 14 for girls. And memory subjects, such as lan- guage, history and literature, probably should be emphasized before puberty. Let's look at a doctor's views on the subject. In a recent issue of the Journal of the Indiana State Medical As- sociation, Dr. John R. Frank of Valparaiso declared: 1. We teach arithmetic before the child has any need for it or interest iz the subject. TOO EARLY 2. We teach mathematics and subjects that require reason and abstract thought in high school before the human mind can rea- son well, 3. We fail to teach languages when the child is young, when memory is best and the mind in the imitative state. This latter situation is being remedied in the Chicago school system and some of the suburban systems by teaching foreign lan- languages as early as the fourth grade. Dr. Frank suggests that phys- ical activities, such as dancing, playing the piano and even typ- ing, are best learned in early life Testes the ages of eight and 6. Although most schools begin teaching arithmetic in the first grade, Dr. Frank believes it should be omitted until the third grade or until the child is eight years old, By this time, the brain is more mature. REQUIRE REASONING He suggests that subjects such as algebra and geometry should not be taught until after the chil- dren have reached puberty. These subjects require reasoning and it seems logical that they should be withheld until the mind can reason. Actually, girls mature about three years earlier than boys. Thus, they could be taught math- ematics at an earlier age, but it probably would be more practical to teach the same subjects to both boys and girls at the same time as is now the practice. QUESTION AND ANSWER L. R.: What causes hives and what is the cure? Answer: Hives are an allergic or sensitivity reaction, usually following the taking of certain foods or medicine. Some cases have a large nerv- ous element. Elimination of the cause by at- tention to diet, antihistamines and other medicines and atten- tion to any nervous condition which exists will often prevent or relieve attacks. TTC SPARES A TREE BY-GONE DAYS 31 YEARS AGO Work was being rushed to erest a new bridge at Hanmony to re- place the one washed out during a severe storm, General Motors Blue Devils, winners of the ORFU 1928 cham- pionship, were guests of honor at a dance held in the GMC audi- torium. Rev. 8. C. Jarrett, rector of Holy Trinity Anglican Church, was judge of the Juvenile Court to be established in Oshawa. Miss Kathleen Best, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. T. F. Best of Whitby, won a scholarship of $1000 offered by the Royal Bank of Canada for the best essay written by a Canadian univer- sity student, Miss Best was at- tending McMaster University. Mayor T. B. Mitchell wel comed 160 Australian boys who were touring Canada and the United States. The boys stopped here for three hours, City council passed a bylaw prohibiting the use of the fire de- partment's equipment for pump- ing water out of flooded cellars. Oshawa Little Theatre, under the direction of John Craig, pre- sented the play, "Outward Bound". Taking part in the per- formance were Helen Johnston, Harold Smith, Herbert Kelly, Mrs. R. B. Smith, P. Sims, Doris Ainsley, E. N. Lewis and F. Chappell. QUEEN'S PARK Big Reorganization Of First Session By DON O'HEARN TORONTO -- Old-hand govern- ments generally go in for tidy- h ing - up in the first session follow- ing an election. Premier Frost, however, outdone himself this time. More than tidying-up he prac- tically has built a new House. MORE WORK When we meet next in Novem- ber for a precedent-setting regu lar fall session it will be quite a different legislature from those we have been accustomed to. Members will know they will be sitting probably at least a dozen weeks, instead of the tra- ditional eight or nine. Most of them will have been occupied during the summer on one of the half-dozen select com- mittees which have been ap- pointed. has They also will know that the hours and general work schedule ahead of them will be about twice as tough as members have served in other years. Actually the great reorganiza- tion put through at the session was long coming. The principal need for it has been great growth both in the ex- tent of public affairs and in their complexity. This has increasingly existed for some time. But two events brought it to a ead. One was the Gordon commits tee report. And the second was the elee~ tion of a stronger opposition. IT ACTED The Gordon report should live long in the history books of the ber of situations which needed correcting -- particularly the growth of government away from Parliament, It impressed these not only om the public and the opposition merhbery but on the government And it is to this administra. tion's credit that it now only saw these but acted on them, There is still grousing about the opposition. Particularly those who are new to the House complain that it is not effective. To these one would say they should have seen it in previous years. This is not a perfect opposition by any means. But it is head and shoulders over those of recent legislatures. And much of the credit for the changes taking place must go to the strong pressure it put on. 10] y TORONTO (CP)--A single oak tree cost the Toronto Transit Commission $9,896 Tuesday. The TTC agreed to a request from the city parks board to relocate a construction shaft on the Univer- sity Avenue subway project and spare the tree. 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