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48 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE, Monday, May 25, 1953 Thousand Years Old Abbey Expresses Faith By ARCH MacKENZIE Canadian Press Staff Writer LONDON (CP)--Links between church and crown will be empha- sized anew at the Coronation June 2 within the grey stone walls of Westminster Abbey, liar" embodying 1,000 years of Britain's history. Edward the Confessor laid the abbey's course in royal history when he was buried there in 1066, eight days after consecration of the edifice he built. Since then, towered structure has been more prominent in the life-and-death cy- cle of British monarchy than any other church. The Queen will be the 38th sovereign crowned there since William the Conqueror's Christmas Day ceremonies in 1066. INDEPENDENT POSITION The abbey is called a 'royal eculiar'" to indicate the highly Padependent position it holds in the Church of England and as a church of royalty. No Tashop or archbishop presides over its dean and chapter. The Queen herself comes as a "Visi-| tor." Yet the abbey and its fellow "peculiar" at Windsor Castle, St. George's Chapel, are not to be confused with the chambers of worship in royal residences, known as royal chapels. Nor is the abbey's long past purely a reflection of royalty. Its vaults cradle the bones of statesmen, churchmen, warriors, poets and unknown commoners. Its stone records in delicate grav- ing the craftsmen of medieval Eng- land. Westminster boys' school is one of the oldest in this old land and its musical traditions, includ-| ing the names of Orlando Gibbons, Purcell and William Croft, are le- ion. ew recognize the official title ordered by the first Elizabeth, the Collegiate Church of St. Peter, Westminster, Middlesex. Monkless since the Reformation 400 years ago, it is known around the world, nevertheless, as 'the abbey." PRESERVATION APPEAL It is financially independent, drawing no state aid, and is hard up. Its newest appeal seeks £1. 000,000 to preserve its vast histori- cal wealth and walls. ravaged by time and London's smoke-ridden atmosphere. Above all, the abbey is a national expression of Christian faith, open all, conducting services daily 'royal pecu-| the smoke-grimed, | (and admitting millions yearly to |gaze or pray. | Edward the Confessor and Henry |III are responsible for the abbey, lestimated to have cost £10,000,000 {through the ages, of which £6,000,- {000 has been for repair and re- storative purposes. The Confessor received Papal permission to erect a Norman-style abbey, marking his victory over |the Danes, and he built on a | Thames-side site occupied first by |an abbey some 500 years earlier. [. In 1245, Henry III initiated a vast rebuilding program east of the nave. The work was carried on al- |most without interruption until |completed in 1520. Last major ad- |ditions were the Wren-designed towers at the west 'entrance, fin- ished by about 1740 after his death. | Today, located close the Hous- |es of Parliament and Westmin- Ister Palace, whose age rivals its own, the abbey is a cross-shaped structure in an early English gothic {style scrupulously honored by six |centuries of builders. | The unexcelled pointed , style | within spreads through seven cha- | pels and into the aisled nave, more than 500 feet long and 102 feet | high. Before the abbey's high |altar the Queen will make her | Coronation responses as she did | her marriage vows in 1947. The church is almost ready for its part in the 2%2-hour-long Coro- nation ritual. | The traditional, sacred vestments have been unfolded and the abbey will be lengthened slightly by a temporary annex before the west entrance. Here the Queen will descend from her coach at 11 a.m., enter {the abbey and be crowned at 30 | minutes past noon, Later she will {lunch and rest within the abbey before taking the ret proces- |sional route to Buckingham Pal- ace. | Around the abbey's walls are {being fitted the paraphernalia | making this the most widely publi- |cized Coronation so far. Millions {more than the 7,500 abbey audience will see or hear it. | The abbey's dean, Very Rev. {Alan Campbell Don, is officially charged with the duty of instruct- ing Her Majesty in the Corona- tion responses. His task will be a token one, however, since it's been reported that she is already word perfect. Singapore's 1,000,000 Celebrate With Dragons By WILLIAM PARROTT SINGAPORE (Reuters) -- Singa- pore is preparing to celebrate with dragons and fireworks the Corona- tion of the Queen. Loyalty and goodwill will be the serious theme of services in the city's churches, mosques, temples and synagogues. But there will be laughter and fun, too. : For this historfc week, Singa- : poréds more than 1,000, Chinese, Malays, Indians, Cingalese, Eura- sians and Europeans are planning the greatest, and the most expen- sive, celebration in the settlement's history. : It is so expensive that voices were raised in alarm at the cost of one item alone--2,000,000 Straits dollars ($658,000) for a street pro- cession of decorated vehicles. The voices were stilled when it was explained that public moneys were not involved but that the cost was being met privately by the hundreds of Chinese participating. This procession, composed of more than 300 decorated vehicles, will stretch two miles through the |in their brilliant national dress will | gaily-festooned city streets, There will be Chinese dragons whose dong, writhing silken bodies will be borne on the backs of innumerable coolies. Out in the sea each night, snak- ing along the waterfront, will be another dragon, a 400-foot monster in the western sea-serpent tradi- tion. Its skin will be made from | thousands of yards of colored cloth {covered with tiny pieces of metal. | Some 8,000 electric bulbs will make |its body glow and its 10-foot head {will throw out darting tongues of flame and rings of fire. Coronation Day there will be a vast military parade of all services {on the city's padang--town green-- lying between the sea and the principal city buildings. Free meals will be given to the poor. At night, rivalling the Chinese procession, will be a great water- front firework display provided by {the Indian Chettiar community, many of whom in Singapore are money-lenders. Japanese fireworks will be set off by a Japanese at this display | because, despite a regulation re- {quiring Coronation materials to be {of Commonwealth origin, the fire- |works were only available | Japan. The celebrations will conclude {with a feast of color June 6, the Queen's official birthday. Malays | move in procession through crowded city streets. Chettiars will hold their tradi- tional silver car procession. Twenty men will draw the car over a route beginning and ending at | the temple of Soubramanian, son of Siva. Ensconced in the car will be a solid gold statue of the temple god. Old Village Blacksmith Couldn't Believe Eyes The old village blacksmith would | have a hard time believing his eyes in a modern automotive forge shop. . But he could see that the build- ers of 20th century "horseless car- riages" had to improve consider- ably on the simple methods he used for hammering out horse- shoes and buggy parts. The blacksmith's art, he would find, has been mechanized, syn- chronized and electrically controll- ed His strong right arm, ham-| mer and anvil have been replaced by huge, high speed mechanical forging presses, elevators and con- veyors. Complex automatic heat- ing and tempering furnaces have supplanted his uncomplcated hearth and bellows. IMPROVEMENT IS SPECTACULAR This transformation of forging methods has been under way in the automotive industry through- out its history. But the most spec- tacular improvements appeared during the last two decades, and until recent years there still was a great deal of difficult human labor required in the forge shop. In, the modern plants of today, however, this hard work has been taken over by automatic machines and "materials handling" equip- ment. For example, at one motor com- pany's new crankshaft press shop, automatic devices pick up steel billets from the storage yard and carry them through every step of | a continuous process which trans-| forms them into crankshafts for automobile and truck engines, USE MAGNETIC CRANE | A magnetic crane lifts the bil- lets and places them in a hydrau- lic mechanism which automatically loads the warming furnace. On emerging from the furnace at about 400 degrees Fahrenheit, the billets fall to a conveyor which carries them to a shear. Still without human handling, the cut billets then are conveyed on to a second furnace which auto- | matically heats 300 an hour in temperatures between 2,250 and 2,300 degrees. After passing through descaling and reducing processes, the hot billets are ready for forging opera- tions Undoubtedly the old-time black- smith would be particularly awed by the 6,000 ton forging press which in two powerful strokes turns a hot steel billet into a rough crankshaft. Other machines quickly add the finishing touches, such as trim- ming, flanging, aligning and tem- pering, New Rotation System As Highlanders Go To Korea By, BILL BOSS | Canadian Press Staff Writer 1,100 officers and men will come. Hitherto new units have arrived in| Africa Grows Toughest Tree WASHINGTON -- One of the toughest living things is the fat baobab tree of South Africa, a tree that may keep on growing even after it is chqpped down, says the National Gecgraphic Society. The baobab puts out deep roots but has short, stubby branches. These branches are bare of leaves of the year and look like roots when the tree grows inland in dry parts >of the continent, thus giving rise to the natives legend that an angry ievil planted the baobabs upsde down. TIMBER VIRTUALLY USELESS Timber from baobabs is so pulpy and soft it is all but useless. But from the bark can be made strong, coarse cord and fabrics. African tribesmen strip the bark as high as they can reach, frequently gird- ling the tree. ] Apy ordinary tree would die of total girdling. Not the baobab. It just grows new bark, over as much as 100 feet of girth. : It also easily survives fire and hollowing. Natives carve chambers in the great trunks, using them for storing water, for dwellings and even for temporary tombs pending later ceremonial burial. The noted missionary and explor- 'er, Dr. David Livingston told of a baobab that grew an inch even though it had been chopped down and was lying on the ground. He said the normal rate of tree growth was smal] one 100 feet in circum- ference, he reported, probably would be 14 centuries old. FRUIT IS BOMB-SHAPED Baobab fruit, called ki-boo-yu, comes in a hard, felt-jacketed pod shaped something like an airplane bomb. When it falls to the ground, it bursts, thus scattering the seeds. Tribesmen make gruel of seeds and the acid-tasting pulp. They also eat the leaves cooked up like spinach, and feed them on occasion to livestock. Witch doctors carry bits of baobab wood and fruit in their bizaare pharmacopoeia, claiming they cure all sorts of ail- ments. A baobab tree absorbed a can- nonball at Mombasa in the 18th century, Firing at a fort, -Portu- gese attackers hit a baobab. The eight-inch ball penetrated seven inches into the wood, there to lie for many years without causing the tree any apparent inconvenience. The scientific name for the bao- bab is Adansonia digitata. Living- stone referred to it by its Bechuani name of mowana. Europeans often call it the '"'cream of tartar" tree; the acid in the fru# pulp is tartaric acid. 'Ruto Industry Reaches Maturity It is time convention speakers and cliche peddlers stopped refer- ing to the automobile industry as a brawny young giant. Brawny and gigantic it may be, but it has reached maturity by any reason- able standard, Ford, Willys and Buick are cele- brating 50th anniversaries this year. Nash, Cadillac and Packard were 50 in 1952. Olds is now 55 years of age. Studebaker entered the automobile field in 1910, but the firm began business 101 years ago making covered wagons for pioneers. It was 50 years ago that Mack | introduced the first bus, thereby founding a new common carrier utility. i The dates from which companies count their ages do not always jibe with the invention of the cars they | market now. Henry Ford, for ex- | ample, actually built his first auto- mobile in 1894. It was five years later that In- ternational Harvester Co. began "auto buggy" | | production on an cludes trucks and tractors, but no passenger cars. i The transition from experimen- ta] horseless carriages to a new type of vehicle was a gradual thing, too. Alexander Winton built a car with a carburetor, governor and electric igniter in 1896. Pack- ard substituted a wheel for a till- | er in 1900 and the following year patented an automatic spark ad- vance. g Also in 1901, the shaft drive, in- stead of chain or belt, was intro- duced, The first American speed- ometer was invented that year by J. W. Jones. MANY "FIRSTS" IN 1903 The year 1903 saw a number of mechanical firsts in the burgeon- | ing changeover. Buick built a valve in head engine. Others came out with sliding transmissions, me- chanically operated intake valves, shock absorbers and T head cylin- ders. Pressed steel frames and: steel rather than wood body panels were introduced. Thus today's industrial giants developed. They are not only grown up in years, but are sound by all the standards of evolution. Since the motorcar industry be- gan, more than 1,000 manufactur- es have tried, found the difficulty insurmountable, _and left the field | to the giants who compete in the 11953 market. | ters company representing all five. | There tend to be conflicting loyal- ties--as between company and | battalion--but soldiers already in {them have perhaps accustomed | themselves to the conflict. | However, it would be difficult | next November to take a man who {had fought as a 3rd Patricia and |overnight make him a 48th High- |lander, for instance,. with the possibility that a mcnth later he {would get another type of job with another company and become a | Seaforth Highlander. | Rather than have that develop, the change-over will be complete. All Patricias with the 3rd battal- | ion next November will be rotated, | regardless of their time in the | theatre, SOME "WASTAGE" To reduce the apparent inequal- |ity of the deal, the Patricias will {be allowed to "waste'" a bit during the latter part of their stay. Men leaving during that period will not | and entered a field that now in-| IN KOREA (CP)--The 2nd Cana-'just strong enough to relieve men | be replaced unless their absence dian Highland battalion's trip to'actually eligible for rotation. Those affects the unit's fighting efficiency Korea next October will be the ineligible for home stay on in the | materially. largest one-battalion move here in new units until due for rotation, | almost three years, The Canadian Press learns. The battalion will relieve the 3rd | when they return individually. REASON FOR POLICY A prime reascn for the new pol- battalion, Princess Patricia's Cana- icy is that the army's hybrid units, dian Light Infantry, in November. formed when the 27th brigade was Unlike other units since the 2nd |raised, will be moving into the ro- Pairicias came in 1950, the High- [tation cycle, confronting it with a landers will come out at full Psychological problem. strength, plus replacements .esti-| The hybrid battalions have a mated sufficient to carry them [company from each of five parent though their year here. More (han units, plus a composite beadquar- Next year it may be that soldiers |will be required to stay as long as 15 months, it is learned. The army is said to be working out a new system of rotation, staggering {battalion change-overs so that one |takes place every three or four | months. Gros Mecatina, a French seal and fishery station on the lower | St. Lawrence, was built prior to 11738. [| . . Have you ever heard of a gaso- line company figuring out ways for motorists to buy less gasoline? Oddly enough, that was the aim of the recent Economy Run conduct- ed by a large American oil com- pany. No speed test, the drive from Los Angeles to Sun Valley stressed gasoline economy and sen- sible driving habits, two motoring traits sthat are dependent on each other, Each of the standard make cars used in the test were as closely guarded as a thoroughbred race horse, Picked at random from as- selibly lines, showroom floors, or out of warehouses, the cars ran the test with standard equipment. The 1415 mile course simulated all the driving conditions the average driver will encounter in a year-- city driving, mountain roads, long straightaways. The results in sav- ings to motor-conscious individuals may well run into millions. Scientists say that modern gaso- line has enough potential power to carry a car 200 to 300 miles per gallon, if the energy could be utilized properly. Internal heat, friction, normal operating faults, all prevent the full use of the gaso- ine's power. The average driver would be glad to settle for any- thing over 20 miles per gallon. Here are a few tips drivers on this Economy Run recommend you follow for better car performance and mileage: In starting your car, get into high quickly. Racing your motor in first or second eats up gas. Take it easy and save fuel bills. Avoid fast getaways. Cops and robbers starts may impress your friends but they waste gas. Leave 'em to the race track. Test Run Shows Good Driving Saves Gasoline Use the brake while holding your car in line on a hill. Using the clutch as a hill holder not ony wastes gas, but' wears out the cutch. Drive at a steady, moderate speed. At 40 miles per hour you get 20 to 30 per cent more mile- age than you do at 60. Keep a light foot on the gas pedal. Jamming down in sudden spurt s floods the carburetor, wastes gas. Sensible driving is only one part of gasoline economy. Automobile engines are precision built ma- chines. Many changes take place in them during the course of nor- mal driving. Screws loosen, parts wear out, dirt gets into the finely balanced mechanisms. Frequent June.ups stretch the mileage dol- ar, Points and spark plugs should be checked and replaced at regu- lar intervals. Dirt clogged air cleaners and a pulled out choke will cut down your mileage. Also make sure that carburetor jets, fuel pump sediment bowls, and air, gas and oil filters are clean. DISEASE HITS CATTLE WASHINGTON (CP)--The U.S. border was closed to Mexican cattle Saturday folldwing reports of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth dis- ease in Mexico. The embargo was imposed just nine months after similar restrictions had been lifted following eradication of an earlier outbreak of the disease. Comfortable minimum expenses Women MP's Square Up On Art of Self-defence By KEN BOTWRIGHT LONDON (Reuters)--Two women Labor members of Parliament have traded verbal punches in a House of Commons scrap over one subject they just can't agree on-- boxing. Mrs. Bessie Braddock, 224-pound honorary vice-president of the Brit- ish Professional Boxers' Associa- tion, put on the gloves to defend the noble art of self defence against an attack from petite, red- headed Dr. Edith Summerskill. Dr. Edith roused Mrs. Brad- dock's fighting blood by charging that boxing is "sadistic'" and should be taxed out of existence. A former Socialist cabinet minister, Dr. Summerskill was speaking against a Labor proposal--rejected by the House without a vote--that no entertainment tax should be paid on boxing because promoters can not make the fight game pay its way in Britain. "I did not come to this debate as a weak and feeble woman, hor- rified at the sight of punching or as one untrained in looking upon blood and injury," explained the fast-talking medical doctor. "I am concerned with the rela- tives of the boys killed in the ring and those whose brains are per- STAFFORD BROS. MONUMENTAL WORKS 318 DUNDAS ST. E., WHITBY for a couple travelling 300 miles a | day by car run about $22 a day. | This includes food, lodgings, gas, | and oil, but no 'extras'. PHUNE WHITBY 552 Memorials © Markers manently injured as a result of repeated blows on the skull." Then she delivered her Sunday punch: "Boxing tournaments are sordid entertainments. It is clear that the object of them is to appeal to the sadistic impulses . . . the lowest and crudest passions in man, The primitive yells of the crowd who watch these exhibitions are evidence of what I say." As Dr. Edith sat down, the House roared with laughter when beefy Bessie Braddock snorted "She does not understand at all." She explained that aboute85 per cent of Britain's 3,500 professional boxers belong to her association. "But not one of them was ever dragged into the ring--though they may have been dragged out again Shes, They accept the port oin in it - Jport 3 quite volun. Swinging hard at Dr. Summer- skill, she said: "If I had to choose '| between listening to the weird and wonderful noises which come from a symphony orchestra or attend- ing a boxing tournament, my choice is always for boxing.' GUELPH-BORN MINISTER TORONTO (CP)--Rev. Thomas H. Jackson, 71, general superine tendent of the British Methodist Church, died Saturday. Born and educated in Guelph, he had served as a minister in many parts of Ontario, He was appointed general superintendent in 1949, Get $50 to $1000 fast at HFC on your own signature, No bankable security needed. Up to 24 months to repay. 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