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$4 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTH, Thursday, March 5, 1988 Bid To Collectivize Farms Resisted By East Germans Bast German Communists are trying to tackle the formidable task of collectivizing agriculture in accordance with the Soviet pattern --but so far they have not been very successful says Paul Wohl in The Christian Science Monitor. In the first week of December, 15, Cabinet members were sent out from Berlin by special train or motorcade to preach the collectivist doctrine to the villagers. Ten days after their escorted. tour, Minister- President Otto Grothewohl felt compelled to announce that the government would not tolerate the "many terrorist attacks" against agricultural col actives. According to East German party boss Walter Ulbright the mayors of numerous country towns and vil- +Jages were sabotaging the new mea- sure, "In reality they support the bandits" he stated, 'the reaction- ary peasants who start brawls in inns and cafes and prevent their victims from calling the police." BIGGEST BALK IN SAXONY "Up to now little more than 2 per cent of the cultivated land is in the hands of collectives, but the Communists expect to put over their system in due course. Reports from East Germany indicate that resistance varies from province to province. It is sald to be strongest in Saxony. Thuringia and those parts of Brandenburg where the majority of peasants are original freemen who successfully defended their independence against kings, Junkers, and commercial interests. These are the groups from which Prussia recruited its rock-ribbed noncommissioned officers, junior officers, and lower officials, Many Protestant pastors are such peasant sons. They have been community leaders for generations, proverbially craggy 'but with real inflience among the people. Today they are being dubbed "kulaks" (wealthy peasants) and are fighting the Communists or fleeing to the West. It is a moot question whether they will be able to sway the ma- jority of East Germany's country folk consisting of former serfs, who gained full economic and social freedom less than a century ago, and of several hundred thousand agricultural workers and poor sharecroppers to whom the big estates were parceled out after the Soviet occupation. While these two groups undoubtedly also dislike the "peform," there is no reason to assume that their resistance to it should be any more obstinate than that of their fellow victims in Czechoslovakia or Hungary. LIBERAL' OFFERS EXTENDED Still, the Communists are aware that in the Fast German country- side they have a hard nut to crack, and that, with West Germany look- ing on, they have to use the nut- cracker deftly. This may explain why the statutes of the new East Germany agricultural cooperatives are somewhat more "liberal" than those of their counterparts in other satellite countries. In a sense, the concessions the Communists had to make to the Fast German peasants are a measure of their own ap- preciation of the difficulties ahead of them. As in the rest of the people's democracies the law offers the pea- sants the choice among three types of agricultural cooperatives. In those of the first and most "liberal" type, livestock and imple- ments as well as orchards, pastures, and woodlands remain for indi- vidual use, and up to 40 per cent of the net income of the coopera- tive is to be distributed in accor- dance with "the amount and quality"--in other words, with the value of the land -contributed by each member. The net income is that which remains after the state has received its share and various "social" deductions have been made. INTERMEDIARY TYPE In the cooperatives of the second or intermediary type, not only the cultivated land, but also horses, cattle, and implements are pooled. The owners are to receive a com- pensation which, if the cooperative so decides, may be spread over 10 years. Each member of the co- operative retains for individual use one and a quarter acre, one horse, one ox, and a limited amount of livestock; 30 per cent of the net in- come is to be distributed among the peasants in accordance with the value of their land. In the third and "most highly de- veloped" type of cooperative, mea- dows, orchards, and woodlands are included in the pool and at least 80 per cent of the net income is used to compensate the members for the "workday units" they contributed, and which vary with the kind of work they performed. A Communist tractor driver or accountant under | this system may receive several |. times as much for his "workday" as an ordinary peasant. While the cooperatives of the t two types arg similar to those the rest of satellite Europe, the third type, which usually corres- ponds to the Soviet kolkhoz, leaves the peasant, on paper at least, more leeway than in other satellite coun- tries: he still is credited his share of up to one-fifth the net income for the value of the property he contributed. Also each member is allowed up to two cows with calves and more livestock of other kind than elsewhere. SLOW PROGRESS Despite tax exemption, lower com- ' pulsory state deliveries, and many other advantages granted to the STAFFORD BROS. - MONUMENTAL WORKS 318 DUNDAS ST. E., WHITBY PHONE WHITBY 552 Memorials @ Markers PRESCRIPTIONS Quikly and Accurately Filled MITCHELL'S DRUG STORE 9 Simcoe N, Digl 3-340 cooperatives, East German Com- munists during the first seven months of. their collectivimtion campaign have been able to form only about 1400 cooperatives with altogether 14,000 farmers. Nine- tenths of these exceptionally small cooperatives--an averages of .10 peasant. families per colle tive--are of the relatively loose first type. In only about 80 cases could the peasants be induced to form type three collectives. In the Cominform Journal of January 23, Albert Schafer, whose task it is to collectivize the German peasants, lamented about the two pitfalls into which the comrades are falling. On the other hand, he said, "a 'resolute struggle must be waged against the mistaken theor- ies of spontaneity," that is, against those who, as the law prescribes it, want to leave the initiative to the peasants. On the other hand, he warned of the rashness of '"cer- tain functionaries who without conducting serious explanatory work in the countryside try to introduce producer cooperatives from the top . . . One leading fuctionary even pledged that he would form at least Ontario Will Help Low IQ Children TORONTO (CP)--The provincial government announced Wednesday it will shoulder some of the bur- den of educating mentally retarded children. Education Minister Dunlop in- troduced in the Legislature a bill to give financial assistance to par- ents who are paying for the special education of backward children in additioh to regular school taxes. Provincial aid would cover chil- dren not capable of entering aux- iliary school classes but not help- less enough to become wards of the government. Auxiliary classes are for "slow" children who can learn regular school lessons at a rate slower than normal. At present, retarded children re- ceive no education or are in clas- ses organized by groups of par- ents, usually conducted by a re- tired teacher. ¢ Groups of this kind, currently 50 producer cooperatives by the end of 1952." ' . The future will show whether the East German Communists can avoid these pitfalls, solve the prob- lem with which Mdscow has saddled them, and at the same time sub- stantially increase agricultural pro- duction as required by the govern- ment's plan for 1953. operating or under organization in six centres, argue that it is unfair to charge them school taxes when they are already payipg individu- ally for their children's education. Cities where groups have started or are pending are Toronto, Ham- ilton, London, Sarnia, Windsor .and Kirkland Lake. Mr. Dunlop said he will probably appoint a commissioner to visi these cities to find out how many children are attending special classes and what kind of aid is needed most, Dr. Dunlop also submitted a bill to permit dismissal of teachers without appeal to a board of re- view. He said such dismissals would occur only when a teacher is deemed too undesirable to finish out the term of his contract, usu- ally at the end of a school year. The minister said he will exercise this power only with approval of the local school board concerned. Speaking during the throne speech debate, A. J. Child (PC-- Wentworth) said the govetnment should protect home buyers who are at the mercy of "unscrupu- lous building contractors who chisel at every opportunity." Mr. Child, a Hamilton business man, said one contractor in Ham- ilton collected $30,000 in down pay- ments and vanished. Only a few excavations were made on home sites before he disappeared. He suggested contractors be li- censed in, the same way as sub- Soutracing electricians and plum- ers. W. J. Grummett, house leader for the two-man CCF representa- tion in the Legislature, said® the government should give northern mining communities a larger share of taxes collected from mines. The Cochrane South member also recommended that a research council investigate. the whole field of edible oils to learn their effect on farmers' welfare and the health of the public. He recommended salary increa- ses for guards at provincial jails, and for provincial police. Mr. Grummett said higher pay is the only enticement to the type of men necessary for a good force. "Dissatisfaction among the guards spreads to the inmates," he said. "Every case of trouble in provincial institutions can be traced to this source." Attorney-General Porter, discuss- ing the govérnment's plan for uni- fying essential services in the Tor- onto area, said control of the Don jail, court houses and registry offices would be shifted fgom the city to the metropolitan "council governing the whole area. DIES OF INJURIES HAMILTON (CP)--Carl Liersch, 74, injured in a traffic accident a week ago, died in hospital Tues- day night. He was Hamilton's sec-' ond traffic fatality of the year. Winter Doesn't Cool N.B. Mining Fever BATHURST, N.B. (CP)--Winter has cooled--but not killed -- the mining fever in New Brunswick's northern Gloucester county, and the lure of base metals has drawn prospectors to all but five of the province's 15 counties. The rush to claim mineral rights féllowed a January announcement of major lead-zinc-silver pyrite de- posits near Bathurst. Hundreds of prospectors, many from other prov- inces, flocked the area and thousands of claims were staked. The Toronto stock exchange reac- ted with record volumes of sales '| led by issues with New Brunswick holdings. Gloucester county staking con- tinues on a. reduced scale, with expectation of a spring upsurge in general mining activity after snow disappears. ; A 500-foot shaft has been dug at one site, where miners are *'drift- ing" on three levels to the ore body. Exploratory drilling contin- ues on several other properties while preparation is made for drilling elsewhere. The mining fever reached such a stage that someone drove claim stakes on every tee and down every fairway of the Campbellton Golf Club. The staking, .it turned out, was by a syndicate le dby a club director and including several club A members. The club has received legal advice that the claims may be invalidated if it can be shown the golf course comes under the category of '"'cleared land." New Brunswick government offi- cials have been cautious in their few official comments. A mines department official warned against optimism from the fact that pros- pectors are busy. in "10 -counties. "Ninety per cent of them might find something worthwhile," he said. "Then again, 90 per cent of theny might not find anything." his recent budget speech in the legislature, Hon. D. D. Patter- son, provincial setretary-treasurer referred to the January announce- ment "of what is reputed to be a new important mining discovery" in the Bathurst area. "There would seem little doubt that this development may be the spark to usher in a new era for | 'ew Brunswick," he added. Recent staking includes nearly 500 claims in 28 square miles, the nearest about 40 miles from the Bathurst mining area. Eight com- panies, some well known in Cana dian mining, are among those en- tering the field. : Companies with interests in| Gloucester county include O'Leary, | Malartic¢, Conwest, Roche Long Lac | Noranda, F. W. Connell of Toronto | a CLASSIFIED ADS (Continued from Page 28) 46--Emjployment Wanted INCOME TAX RETURNS PREP. Dial 5-1365. CHARLIE MILLS, NORTH OSHAWA -- Watch and Clock Repairs. Solicit patronage. Pick-up and delivery. 3-8530. (Marl) WHY NOT TRY MAE'S MENDING SERV- ice? You'll get more wear from clothes needing repair. Dial 3-4840. (Mar DUTCH GIRL DESIRES WORK BY D/ will live in or out. Dial 3-4873. Apply i. King St. West. (33b) 47--Legal Notice. NOTICE TO CREDITORS All persons having claims against the Estate of JULIA WAYLING, who died at the City of Oshawa, in the County of On- tario, on February 6, }963, are notified to send particulars to the undersigned om or before April 3, 1953, after which date the estate will be distributed having re- gard oly to claims of which the under- signed shall then have had notice. DATED at Oshawa, this 3rd day of March, A.D, 1953. y PHILIP PATTRICK and ; rs GEORGE MEEKS, Executors, by JOSEPH P. MANGAN, 14% King Street East, Oshawa, Ontario, Their Solicitor. Qc, S (Mar$,12,19) . and N: A. Timmins Corporation, Montreal. Groups headed by M. J. Boylen, Toronto, control sites named Brunswick, New Larder U and Keymet. Goods SATISFACTORY or Money Refunded 36-IN. TUBFAST PRINTS Choose from bright colors and patterns, lovely for mak- ing home frocks, sportswear and little girls' frocks. Yd. 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