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{ / THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1951 'THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE PAGE FIFTEE es i Mapping Bleak Aiaska Vast Topographical Task Washington--Mapping ail Alaska at a scale of 1:25¢.000 (using 1:63.- 360 in moderately settled or other- wise important locations) is one of the most spectacular projects in mapping ever attempted by topo- graphic engineers of the Depart- ment of Interior's Geological Sur- vey. It compares with the combined mapping and exploring activities accomplished in the pioneer West. Near the top of the list, insofar as national defence priorities are conce.ned, the Alaska mapping is being done oevr terrain more rug- ged. even than the West. During the summer, approximately 40 new Alaskan maps were published by the survey. A very short season in which to accomplish "on the ground' oper- ations is one of the great difficul- ties. Glaciers, tundra, cold tem- perature, and adverse weather are others. The season just ending has been one of the most success- ful in recent years, affording an unusual combination of fairly clear weather and comfortable working temperature. GROUNDWORK STILL VITAL Today, much of the work for- merly accomplished by map mak- ers on foot or horseback can be done through the use of optical apparatus in the laboratory, work- ing from aerial photographs. However, there is still no substi- tute for actual field work to gain ground control and to check the interpretation work done back home during off. seasons. This means that during the Alaskan su er the aerial, pho- tography must be flown and topo- graphers must "tie in' some eight months of laboratory work by making local checkups. In this work, helicopters have proved invaluable. Where it for- merly took a field party several days to reach the summit of a peak from which the members could survey surrounding territory --providing inclement weather did not set in to delay operations -- | now they can work out of a con- | venient base camp and not start for such hard-to-reach peaks un-, til the weather is right for good | visibility. | Yet even with helicopters it is frequently difficult to get from a glacier "landing field" to the top of a nearby peak, or to walk the knife-edge ridges to nearby van- tage points. Carrying a plane | table or engineer's transit at the same time adds a bit more zest to the adventure. | AIR-NAVY TEAMS ASSIST | Both the United States Air: Force and the Navy have aided! the survey in accomplishing these tasks. According to Gerald Fitz- Gerald, chief topographic engineer of the survey, about one-third of the Territory of Alaska has been covered to date. In accomplishing this work, ex- tensive use has been made' not only of aerial photography and optical aids in the laboratory but of new electronic apparatus for determining altitude and geogra- phic locations of key points. In this way, costs have been de- creased and mapping operations speeded up. Barometric readings are relied on to a considerable ex- tent, and since the 1950 'mapping ' season, the radar altimeter ad proven of value. To give better control of aerial navigation and the resulting pho- | tography, Shoran has been play- | ing an increasingly Taportant | role. Using this technique, the! exact position of the plane can be determined and recorded as each, film exposure is made. Ground stations are set up over known geodetic positions, and the dis- tances from these points to the airplane are recorded as each film is exposed. Computation by trigonometry of the position of the plane then becomes routine, JOB'S PACE SPEEDED UP The Alaska district engineer in topography is Edward Mundine. In charge of parties working on the ground this past season was Burton Benson. Just back from an inspection tour of the various mapping par- ties at work in the field, Mr. Fitz- Gerald asserts he never ceases to marvel at the change in pace that has been possible for mapping operations in former inaccessible places through the use of modern methods and equipment. As an engineer working in Alaska in the days before he became an "ad- ministrator," he remembers it took a map maker some 30 days just to hike from Anchorage to Nome, if he happened to be work- ing in that area. All of which is a tremendous waste of time inso- far as any real mapping accom- Plishinent is concerned. Today, e Anchorage-to-Nome trip is a tively short hop by plane. TRIBUTE PAID "The helicopter is a special blessing," he says, '""'able to land just about any place: on wheels or floats." He paid special tri- bute, too, to the "bush pilots" who make it possible for those with business in such out-of-the-way places to get there without days or weeks by dog tea @ The Navy started the present Alaskan mapping program by fly- ing needed aerfal photography in the southeastern and central part of the territory. The following year the Air Force flew in the area from Fairbanks down to the Glenn Highway, including the en- tire region between the Richard. son Highway and the Alaska Rail road. In 1950 the area south of the Glenn Highway was finished, continuing over on the Kenai Pen- insula. Meanwhile the Navy fin- ished flying Seward Peninsula and the area north of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska. Using 1:63.360 scale mapping for the more populated places aud 1:250.000 scale forthe less access- ible regions, it is hored tn» have adequate map coverage for the New Zealand Youth Argue MP's Claim Wellington, NZ. (CF (CP) -- A New Zealand member of parliament, J. J. Maher, put young men on their mettle by claiming that under pre- sent conditions of wages and hours New Zealand is a "paradise" for single young men. Maher said that a man about 23 or 24 years old, contemplating mar- riage, should be able to have $3000 i the bank "without denying him- self too mueh and still- having a good time." "We find young men dissipating their earnings instead of buying a home," he said, "and then going to the state for a home. If is a poor outlook and young men who do that are taking a good girl down." One 23-year-old, earning $36 a week, declared it cost him an abso- lute minimum of $15 a week for living expenses. In addition he paid about $180 a year taxes, $150 for clothing and about the same completed by 1960. Work in areas vital to the military is being done by the Army Corps of Engineers. esorts Hit By Lashing Gale Striking northern and central Ontario in particular, a giant gale/ whipped : up huge waves that wrecked many wharves, boathouses and summer cottages recently. At Wasaga Beach, n Georgian Bay, property damage reached $25,000 mark, in what townsfolk described as worst storm in vicinity nf 25 years. This car, parked on the shoreline, received a free wash from waves which enguifed it. ~--Central Press Canadian. for holidays. That left about $600 a year as the maximum he hight save, and he said this was a good deal less when he was younger and not earning as much. Another man, 22, who neither drinks nor smokes, said he had saved carefully for three years and now had $900 in the bank. He said he would be lucky to have $1500 by the time he was 24 let alone $3000. Another who had $1500 saved at the age of 24 said he reached that amount only because he had lived most of his life with his parents in a small town. He said that since coming to-the city to live he had nct been able to save at all. The. debate in the newspapers fol- lowing Mather's' statement ar-<ed wide interest, but the MP. had few | supporters. Many young men Tre- fused to be impressed by his argu- ment. LANDMARK VANISHES plies (CP) -- A 162-year-old uilding that served in turn as a railway station, auditorium and hostel for homeless is being de- molished. The three-story brick structure was originally built as a station for the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway. - CROSSING NUISANCE Edmenton (CP) -- The city of Edmonten has started negotiations with the Canadian National Rail- ways looking to elimination of 21 railway level crossings in the city. 15 Simcoe St. N. Clog rubbers for men. hi Men's monoclogs -- a lightweight toe Black . or brown. All sizes. 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