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EE samB Tea SRTURDAY, APRIL 28, 1951 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE FACE TWENTY-FIVE NOW! RECORD THESE NEW DIAL PHONE NUMBERS - DIAL -- Also -- DIAL 3-7478 DIAL 5-5630 DIAL 5-1939 3-2201 Supplying Oshawa, Bowmanville, Whitby BOTTLED GAS AND GAS APPLIANCES Ontario Shore Gas Co. Ltd. DIAL - 3-2201 18 KING ST. EAST -- OSHAWA ALF. HARRELL OIL BURNING ENGINEERING New System Simple Yet Complicated There is nothing magic about the modern dial telephone, but after trying out their new dial telephone system Oshawa users may well gain the impression that they have a genie at their service when they turn the dial. . It is an intricate, mechanical genie that can pick out any one of the possible connections between the telephones served the Osh- awa exchange, when e turning dial gives it the correct orders. Many minds and many hands contributed to the invention and development of the dial switching equipment that performs this complicated task. Because the task is complicated, the equipment itself is compli- cated; in fact, there are more than 85,000,000 possible connections that can be made within the ex- change. Although many of the compo- nents can be mass-produced, an exchange must be made to measure for the community .it is to serve. Engineers must first spend many months calculating the needs of the community and designing the layout. Then many more months are required for the manufacture and installation of this equipment. Among items needed to set up a dial exchange are power equipment, ringing machines, motor generator sets, power control board, a test centre and associated apparatus, a cable vault, and, above all, the sensitive dial switching equipment. The last is a series of switches which operate when a telephone caller lifts the receiver and twists the dial. Then switches are called line finders, selectors and connect- ors. The line finder comes into action the instant the receiver is lifted. Lifting the receiver closes a switch and energizes the circuit. The line finder is then caused to seek out a "live" or unused line leading 'to the dial switching equipment in the exchange. When the connection is made, the dial tone sounds in the receiver indicating that the equip- ment is ready for the caller to bee gin dialing. The dial switches are activated by the return motions of the dial. As the dial swings back to the nor- mal position at a controlled speed, it sends electrical impulses to the dial equipment. Depending on the letter or digit dialed, these impulses cause the selectors to rise a cor- resonding number of levels where Comfortable Rest Rooms Four telephone operators relax in the new operators' lounge: in the dial exchange building. The lounge, tastefully decorated and comfortably furnished, provides a place where the girls can rest between exacting shifts at the long distance switchboards. Seen here, from left to right, are Misses Betty McDonald, Shirley Little, Janet McArthur and Shirley Greer, ~--Times-Gazette Staff Photo. Assign New Phone Numbers Here are the girls who were responsible for assigning to subscribers their new dial telephone numbers. Left to right, they are Margaret Farinesz, Vi White and Margaret MacLean, --Times-Gazette Staff Photo. the desired number are "89". When the "8" is dialed, the shaft in the connector rises eight levels but it does not rotate automatically to look for a vacant trunk line, as do the shafts in the selectors, the pre- vious switches in the chain. In- stead, it waits at the eighth level until the last figure, "9", is dialed. The shaft then rotates nine steps, to the exact line of the called party, When the recelver 1s hung up a} the end of a conversation, all the switches return instantly to their original positions, and the equip- ment is ready for its next call. The dial tone, the ringing tone and the busy signal are all pro- duced by the ringing machine which is connected to the power apparatus. huge storage batteries, ensuring adequate power in case of failure in the Hydro supply. In addition, a diesel-driven generator is installed for use during any major power break. This generator can supply all the power needed by the local telephone system until the regular supply is again available. Many Inventions Combined In Long Distance Phone The excellence of long distance transmission today is a result of several major inventions and many minor improvements in the last 50 years. By the turn of the century, it had been found that in order to trans- mit the voice in sufficient volume over many miles of wire, it was necessary to use thick wire. In 1000 wires ag thick as a lead pencil were being used to transmit long distance conversations 1,000 miles. It was an expensive and awkward ar- rangement. Then, ih that same year, "load- ing coils" were invented. Looking like an enlarged doughnut, they were made by wrapping thin wire many, many times around a soft iron core or ring. When these coils are connected at intervals along the telephone line, the electrical current carries farther and voice vibrations are not so weakened. By 1911 it was possible to talk over lines 2,000 miles long with the wires reduced to one eighth of their former weight. Loading coils themselves have been further improved and many thousands of them are used on telephone lines today. The next big step in long dis- tance telephone development was the introduction of the telephone "repeater". If you were to put down the fig- ure 1 and add 75 zeros you would have the millions of billions of times your voice may have to be amplified to ca across the con- tinent on a telephone line, Power of this magnitude cannot be fed into the wires all at once. It has to be spread over the line by means of repeater stations, which might be likened to a line of strong-lunged men posted on hill- tops. The first shouts a message; the next one picks it up and relays it with renewed volume to the third man; and so on. The strong-lunged man that a repeater station houses is a small tube--the electronic vacuum tube-- not unlike the amplifier tube in a radio receiving set. In the tube, a failing voice current passes the | variations of the voice along to a | fresh current just as the abton is passed from a spent runner to a ANNOUNCING! OUR NEW DIAL NUMBER DIAL 3-2294 -------------- GOODS SATISFACTORY OR MONEY REFUNDED = STORE HOURS -- DAILY: 9:00 A.M. TO 5:30 P.M. WED.: 9:00 A.M. TO 12:30 P.M. 21 SIMCOE ST. S. SINGER SEWING MACHINE CO. (16 Ontario Street) OUR NEW DIAL NO. IS: New and Used Sewing Machines always on hand. they rotate until they find a va-|and makes the connection. A special alarm system, which | fresh one in a relay race. cant trunk line to the next plece| If the line is free, the ringing | rings when any of the equipment Theoretically, there is no limit of equipment. tone is started automatically, and | fails, is also connected to the power to the number of times a voice cur- The connector, which is the last |it continues until the call is an- supply. The power used is direct | rent may be renewed. You could switch in the series, acts in a |swered or the caller hangs up. If | current, and it is normally sup- | telephone from the earth to the slightly more complicated manner. | the line is busy, the busy signal is | plied by rectifiers operated by or- moon if a modern long distance your sewing problems! Assume that the last two digits of | heard. dinary Hydro power. These charge |line ran that far! 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Ny 5.5522 Little Covent Market (Free Delivery) ® Brush and Spray Painting ® Paper Hanging ® Steam Stripping Harold Carter 210 Ritson Rd. S. and enquire about KOOLVENT ALUMINUM AWNINGS ATTY CTY aeeLVESY , ACCOUNTANT 3'- SIMCOE ST. SOUTH Oshawa 34 Simcoe Street South