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YHURSDAY, MARCH 29, 1951 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE hs 8 PAGE NINETEEN Tests New Techniques In Census The door-to-door canvass that will get under way in Canada on June 1 will make all the calls by salesmen in a year look like a small operation, says the Royal Bank of Canada monthly letter. There will be about 20,000 men and women on the field force, gath- ering by direct touch with our people the information required for Canada's ninth decennial census. Make History These enumerators will make history in census-taking. Their work will be watched by govern- ments in dozens of countries. They are expected to revolutionize the age-old practice of counting noses. They will use electronics and ball- point pens of a special sort, and theirs will be the first national census in the world to take the new "mark-sense" method of tabulation from door to door. The census is not a stunt, but a necessity. It is the country's equiv alent of the merchant's stocktak- ing, or of the private person's in- ventory to learn what insurance he should carry on his house and chattels. The assets to be counted in the census are our people and the various attributes that make them different from people in other countries. Without periodical appraisal of our condition and affairs, parlia- ment, provincial legislatures, muni- cipalities and business people would all work in the dark. No one would know whether the country was on the road to success or disaster, or whether our standard of living was rising or falling, or what our pos- sibilities were for progress in peace or for defence in war. There would be no.clear picture of our national educational level, or of a host of other features by which we are able to judge Canada's progress and plan for the future. Fixed Period Tha decisive hour of reckoning is 12 o'clock midnight, standard time, on the night of May 31 to June 1. Everyone born before that hour, and everyone dying after it, is to be counted in the population. It is nothing new to require that people stand up periodically to be counted. The census goes back 5,000 years in Babylonia and China, and three or four thousand years in Egypt and among the Children of Israel. So no one in Canada needs to feel miffed because a man calls asking questions. In olden times the purpose was to list the number of fighting men in a country, or to levy taxes; to- day's objective is to plan construc- tively for every citizen's welfare. Credit of taking the first census of modern times belongs to Canada. The year was 1666; the census was that of the Colony of New France. It was a record of every person by name, on a fixed gate showing the e, place of residence, occupa~ i pn conjugal condition, The original document of 154 pages is in the Archives of Paris, but Rhyone ested in this unique event may Bere pt in the Public Archives at Ottawa. The. event is notable because the first modern census in Europe dat- ed only from the 18th century (in France and England from the first of the 19th century) and in the United States of America there was no census of the country as a whole befare 1790. The achievement of Canada's colony on the St. Law- rence in instituting what is today one of the principal instruments of government in every civilized coun- try calls for our appreciation. The British North America Act, under provision of which Canada became a EE Dodson, sul uent le on, .provid- py for oer to be taken in 1871 and every tenth year thereafter. In addition, a midway census is taken of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Al- berta. Census facts are not public prop- erty. Marco Polo tells us that in one place he visited every house- holder was compelled to write over his door the naines of all in his household and the number of horses he had. In the 1790 census in the United States, six hundred officials knocked on doors, asked five ques- tions of whoever answered, then tacked their lists on the walls of local taverns. People who had been skipped could read all about their neighbors and, if they were 80 minded, add their own names and comment. In Canada, the answers given by individuals to census questions are absolutely confidential, Every em- ployee of the census is bound by a oath and penalty against divulging any fact whatsoever that may have been learned through the census. The Bureau of Statistics is lar person or Concern. * But that is not all. Census infor- mation obtained from or about you may not be used for taxation or military purposes. It is expressly forbidden by law to use census dats to tax a person or to call him for military service. The country in divided into cen- sus districts, each of whom is placed n charge of a census commissioner. These districts are divided into sub- listricts, varying in population from 00 to 800 in rural districts and rom 1,000 to 1,500 in urban centres. he sub-district is allotted to a cen- us enumerator, who conducts the suse-to-house and farm-to-farm 'anvass, Huge books and forms are no onger in style. Last census the numerators carried around forms two feet four inches wide; this year they will have forms about seven inehes square. These are called "mark-sense" forms. The enumer- ator merely makes a mark in the right place instead of writing your answer in full. He uses an electro- graphic pen. Go Into Machine Then, instead of transcribing the information laboriously by hand, in the old manner, the census people will feed the cards into a machine. Wherever the special ink appears, an electrical contact will be made and a hole will be punched. There Aftermath of Explosion Which Took 10 Lives ftalian oil tanker "Montallegro" is seen after it was ripped apart by an was being repaired in harbor at Naples. The blast, which killed 10 people ignition of gases from blow torches being used by workmen. explosion that occurred while ship and injured 51 others, resulted from --Canada Wide Picture. Indian of West Berlin Ever since he was a small boy, Kurt Schramm a plumber in West Berlin, had aspirations to be an Indian chief. His fondness for the Indian came through watching the red man perform in German circuses. And as he grew older, plumber Schramm found that his special attraction to things Indian did not diminish, but, instead, his hobby of collec'ing Indian weapons, clothing, knives and other paraphernalia grew until his house today is virtually overflowing with the museurh pieces. Schramm is shown with his wife in the bedroom of their home, now converted into a mus- eum. He and his wife, Elsie, are smoking the "pipe of peace," surrounded by Schramm's 30-year collection, Coccidiosis Not Controlled By Low Feed Ottawa--Based 'on an extensive program of research and trial in which all the usual farm conditions were duplicated as nearly as pos- sible, Dr, W. E. Swales, of the federal Animal Pathology division at Macdonald College, P.Q., under whose direction the research was carried out, has advised Canadian poultrymen that continuous medi- cation of feeds, as a preventive for the poultry disease 'coccidiosis', cannot be recommended for ordin- ary farm flocks. Dr. Swales explains that for thousands of years the tiny micro- scopic animals known as coccidia have lived in "partnership" with chickens, In older days, he said, when brooding was done by the hen, the chicks picked up a few of the various kinds of coccidia during the first few days of their lives, : These tiny parasites established themselves in the cells lining the chick's intestines, and a state of balance was established--a sort of "live and let live" arrangement, What happened was that the young chick's intestine would support just so many, but no more, and those which were established caused an immune reaction. After this, the chicken would go on picking up more coccidia all through its life, but they could not establish themselves in the intes- tine of the resistant bird, The re- sult was the chicken was not harmed, and the coccidia survived emerges from the machine a fully punched card; ready for automatic counting or for filing. The electronic statistical machine is one of the "wizards" among ma- chines. It will eject cards contain- ing errors. For example, if the enumerator has put a mark oppo- site. "6" for a lad's age, and another mark opposite "married," the cir- cuits. won't take it. Similarly, if a farmer's card has a pole punched to indicate he got something like $55 a bushe' for his wheat, the cir- cuits won't take that either. These cards would be thrown out by the machine for correction. The machines are merely rented to the Canadian Government. When our census is finished, they will be shipped to some other country. Taking everything into consider- ation--men, machines, printing, and all the rest--it is estimated that the cost of our census will be about $9 million, More than 170 percent of the money goes to enumerators throughout Cangda, and to staffs in the regional and central offices, The whole sum works out at about 64 cents per, person. Medication & 4 just enough to keep its species go- ing. This is considered today as the normal condition. 'Sooner or later all chicks are going to pick up some coccidia, and it is doubtful if there is a farm-raised chicken in the world that has had no coc- cidia. ' The Division of Animal Pathol- ogy has made the following recom- mendations to Canadian' poultry- men for various types of poultry raising business: (1) In view of the known needs of all chicks to "get into balance" with coccidia every effort should be made to manage brooding and the early growing period so that early life. A simple deep litter the birds slowly pick up enough coccidia to immunize them in method usually accomplishes this end. Sudden changes from dry to damp swrounding are very dan- gerous and must be avoided. Good sanitation is not complete avoid- ance of coccidia: rather it is the continual use of relatively dry sur- roundings so that the young birds are always exposed to a few, but never suddenly to many, coccidia. It must always be remembered that the 3 or 4 week-old started chick, which, probably, had had no previous contact with coccidia, is particularly susceptible. Four to six days after arrival from the hatch- ery it might suddenly show acute coccidiosis; this means it was never exposed at the hatchery but did contact many coccidia during its first day on the farm. Po save this chick a highly effective drug is necessary, (2) Drugs capable of checking outbreaks of bloody coccidiosis promptly should be readily avail- able to poultrymen. These include sulphamethazine, = sulphamerazine and sulfaquinoxaline sodium, all of which can be dissolved in drinking water when in the form of sodium salts, or they can be used in twice the concentration in the feed. If used as soon as the outbreak can be detected losses can be avoided. Because correct management can prevent coccidiosis without the use of drugs, and because there are ef- ficient drugs for use in case of emergency, the method -of doing without drugs except when abso- lutely necessary is the logical and most economical system for the average small flock. (3) Where coccidiosis is a con- tinual problem due to some fea- ture in the brooding methods or the poultry house, groups of chicks known to be susceptible (because they have been kept free of coc- cidia) can be purposely placed on litter which older chicks have used, and can be given an efficient pre- ventive drug for six or more days. In this way they become resistant while the coccidia are prevented from doing serious damage. (See publication 788, Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture.) (4) Large broiler plants, or similar establishments where many young birds are raised, sometimes present a separate problem. The slow change from dryness to damp- ness sometimes brings on coccidiosis in a few birds at a time, after many of the rest of the flock are resistant. In such cases the treat- ment of the flock with full doses of sulphamethazine, for example, sometimes results in only a tem- porary stopping of losses, and six days after the drug is stopped a few more susceptible birds will be af- fected. Therefore, in large plants special arrangements may be made to use feed medicated with a low level of a drug capable of preventing such "leaks": this is to be used on a continuous basis for about 11 weeks, or until it is certain that all birds have had a chance to become re- sistant. Such medicated feeds will re- duce losses from coccidiosis, but will not' completely prevent the disease in many cases. They will not prevent serious losses when there §is a sudden change of con- ditions which favours a severe out- break; in such circumstances a drug in doses capable of checking an outbreak can be used in addi- tion. (5) Intestinal coccidiosis (not caecal coccidiosis which has been discussed above) which usually af- fects older birds, and sometimes cau. severe, loss of condition in pullets' nearing the laying period, rarely occurs in birds raised in deep litter. When the 'disease is well estab- lished in a bird, drug treatment is not effective. Certain drugs, in- cluding sulfaquinoxaline, help to prevent this disease in birds known to be susceptible. However, drugs are secondary to management in the prevention of intestinal cocci diosis, Full information on the various types of drugs to be used under different conditions is available without charge from Information Service, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Bossed Job at 104 British Farmer Dies Carbrooke, Norfolk, England -- (CP) -- Daniel Bullen, long known as Britain's oldest working farmer, has died here ¥ged 104. Up to a month before his death he personally supervised work on his farm and was wn to his men as "the boss." His schooling was restricted to one- half-day. On his 103rd birthday he gave his formula for long life: "Work hard, live well and lie warm." The first radio reported boxing match -- Johnny Dunee versus Johnny Ray was broadcast April 11, 1921, over- Station KDKA from Pittsburgh, Pa., according to Duyn- lap's Radio end Television Alma- nae, READER'S DIGEST TELLS WHAT LAXATIVES ARE Reader's Digest has dared print the truth about laxatives, It tells about the dangers of cathartics that upset your digestive system. Jaan why specially after 35--it's so important fo after your health. . . Serutan is an effective way to pro- mote waste elimination. It has a mild laxative action like certain fruits and les. No chemical Here's how © "lazy colon" can be regulated without pills, salts or drugs BEST FOR YOU! salts--no oils. Serutan gives a gentle "push", completely different in action Hom porgetives, od 5, the Scicber is Reader's ges! i» o of Serutan with con. good co. a feeling wh 'y ® Joe ing when Yau-re requ: 3 ' For more sluggish constipo- J tion, new concentrated Foi Faster acting! Effectiv Ad 35-HERUTAN FASHION NOTE FROM BRITAIN Straw -- high fashion feature which will be seen in fashionable summer resorts this season -- was shown in the Digby Morton col- lection in London recently when an elegant dinner dress was seen to have a basket-like bodice of plaited raffia and a skirt of black Irish linen. Into the top of the bodice was tucked a posy of flowers to complete the illusion, and for '} cool summer evenings a raffia shoulder cape was added. FERTILIZER SHORTAGE Moncton, Fertilizer Council, said here that if the demand is as great as last year there is no assurance that all orders for fertilizer can be filled, Delay in shipment of Phosphates and Potash was blamed. N.B. -- (CP) -- J. E.| McIntyre, Secretary of the Maritime | YOUNG FIREMAN Timmins, Ont., --(CP)-- Timmins boys between 10 and 15 years old Fireman Course". The Timmins Fire Chief said the boys would be useful in many ways and in cases otf small fires could assist until the firemen arrive, . PRAISES SABRE JETS Ottawa -- The Sabre Jet fighter, manufactured by Canadair in Mont- are entered in a six weeks "Junior. real, "has proved itself In combat to be an outstanding fighter aire craft," Air Marshal W. A. Curtis, Canada's Chief of Air Staff, said here recently. "When our inter ceptor squadrons are equipped with Sabres we will have a first-class fighting force." » Kashmir, centve of dispute be- tween Indian and Pakistan, is cele brated for its woollen and silk hand- made products. ' 3 "MARSHALL" Spring-filled MATTRESSES "For the Rest of Your Life" lasting comfort. blue or chartreuse. HOSTESS CHAIRS te match above suite ORFS UPYOUR Comfort by night--chesterfield convenience by day. Bedding compartment--Iovely new fabrics. ....... NIGHT TABLE $19.95 NEW FURNITURE -- from -- VALUE !! i Thrilling New Bedroom Suite Vanity, Chest, ed...$139.50 ~ MR. ¢ MRS. DRESSER, CHEST and BED $149.50 VANITY BENCH $9.95 Above Suites available in the beautiful, new, PLATINUM BLOND WOOD or in conventional walnut! B n 1951 Design Feature Value! New high style suite--2-pe. --Lawson design with silk fringe, cushionized for long- Mohair frieze in gray, red, green, 2 pieces $239 $25.95 100 wed 4 SOFA BED CONVERT-A-BED carriage service. WON'T UPSET! NEW. Be al For "His Majesty the Baby" presenting 151 Loyd FOLDING CARRIAGE NEW---"Lionide" English leather cloth--the finest material in the world for baby NEW--Lloyd safety stand end broke--IT d to the LLOYD Super-easy compact . up y dome frome--easily removable for NEW---Wider chrome mudguards. LLOYD Super-comfort coil springs. LLOYD "Nylon" wheel bearings. LLOYD Chrome handle with rubber hand grip ~----easily adjustable for height. $33.50 10 $52.50 ; All the New Spring Colors folding. If It's New . dav otte*® steel spring. 79.50 LARGE SIZE Large size smooth, natural finish crib, with panel drop sides and Other cribs - $12.95 to $49.50 STUNNING NEW DESIGNS IN CHROME DINETTES Feature value--Queen Anne style table with automatic extension, heat and stain resistant top. Four chrome diners with deep. comfortable, airfoam seats. AVAILABLE IN GRAY, BLUE, YELLOW. RED OR GREEN PEARL TONE Other 5-pe. suites at $69.00, $79.00, $109.00 and $129.00 .. I'S cal... RUTHERFORD'S 156 Simcoe St. South -- Phone 3413 594 ----