PAGE NINE "THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1951 THE DAILY TIMES-CAZETTE Pedlar People Union Negotidtors The Union's agreement with the Pedlar People Limited due for r 2784, United Steelworkers of America, last night elected this eg dd tiag. Th ting of Local spokesmen. They are: John Virgin, P. R. Clark, Lloyd Maclinally and man on the committee was absent when the picture was taken. ges with Company Percy Neal. B, P. Cook, the fifth ~--Times-Gazette Staff Photo, ACE Does Fast Joh On Sums In science, industry and adminis tration, it is frequently necessary to make long and intricate mathe- . matical calculations, says British release. For the individual to carry these out by ordinary pencil-and- paper methods might be a task of weeks or months. Even with the great help given by mechanical desk-calculators the task may be a heavy one; it may indeed, be so laborious as to be quite impractic- able by any conventional method. Yet the problems to be solved may be of vital importance, The elec- tronic "brains" which have been devised to make such calculations in a tiny fraction of the time otherwise required are, therefore, of profound significance. Computing Engine In Britain development of these electronic calculating devices has for several years past, been centred at the National Physcial Laboratory at Teddington, near London. There an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) is being constructed; very recently a pilof, model, which is itself a complete 'computer, has be- come available for wmolving any . lengthy and intricate calculation of industrial importance. In its construction much has been learn- ed and as a result ACE itself will be improved in reliability by the redesign of certain parts while its speed and memory capacity will be greatly increased by the addition of an auxillary magnetic recording system. Construction of the ACE is the culmination of research in Britain extending over more than a cen- tury. About 130 years ago Charles Babbage conceived almost all the ideas which are fundamental to modern electronic calculators. Un- fortunately he could not translate his ideas into practice because he had' only mechanical methods at his disposal. Comparatively re- cently, however, the development of . electronics solved the difficulties which' had defeated Babbage. In place 'of cumbersome trains of gear-wheels and other mechanical - devices can be used streams of _ electrons moving with immense speeds comparable with that of 'light itself. This makes possible an 4pormous speeding-up of the whole process, as well as simnlify- ing construction. For example, two nine-figure num- bers can be multiplied together in about one five-hundredth of a sec- ond; for the same operation a skilled arithmetician would take about eight minutes, though with the help of a desk-calculator this might be cut to one minute. In any event, the electronic device reduces the time-factor many thousands of times. The engine uses pulses of electricity generated at the rate of one million per second. Num- bers in calculations which the en- gine is to make are each translated into different patterns of electric pulses. To enable it to carry out long seqgeunces of operations the ma- chine has a "memory" which can store results until required [for a later stage in the calculftions. Essentially, the "memory" consists of a series of closed electrical cir- cuits in which the electrical pulses 80 on circulating indefinitely. Holes in Cards One of the most rifficult tasks in operating the ACE is to give it its - working instructions; this re- quires a skilled mathematician. The operation is a very complicated one but it consists, essentially, of coding the instructions as a pattern of holes punched in a card; these holes are later used for making electrical contacts. Instruction pro- grams for standard types of opera- tion are stored in a library, which already contains many of these pre-fabricated units ready for use. As already indicated the scope of ACE is immense. It is able to carry out all the four major mathe- matical operations; addition, sub- traction, multiplication, and divis- fon. A typical field of application is In the design of new lenses. Modern lenses, say for an aerial camera, may contain at least five separate components and the calcu- lations necessary to trace the path which light will follow through these different components may take, by ordinary methods, about 56 working hours. With ACE the same task may be completed in, perhaps, a quarter of an hour. It is true that it originally took about a week to code the calculations in a form the engine could deal with, but once this was done a series of calculations could be swiftly com- pleted. Now, if a new lens has to be designed the coded instructions in the form of a pack of cards, are brought from the library and the computation problem is begun within a few minutes. Many problems of aircraft con- ACE works at prodigious speed.' Brighton Maps Roman Chariot Race Brighton, England--(CP) -- A pageant depicting nearly 2,000 years of Brighton's development, 'from the time it was a Roman encampment, will be staged as an attraction for visitors to the Festi- val of Britain next May, Featuring the event will be a series of chariot-races in the tradi- tion of ancient Rome, with a cast of more than 1,000 local people participating. Film stunt men are also being engaged to create a more authentic atmosphere of furious competition. "The races will be realistic," said A. L. Gilmore, the pageant-master. "It would never do to have the horses trotting sedately around the course. There must be plenty of dust and thundering hooves." The riders, wearing Roman togs will race around the floodlit arena and the winner will be. crowned with laurel leaves by "Julius Caesar" himself. A number of other episodes in the history of the city will also be re-enacted, including the burn- ing of Brighton in 1313 by French pirates and the marshalling of King Harold's men for the Battle of Hastings in 1066. struction can readily be solved with ACE, For example, . important safety problems, such as those re- lating to the design of wings for a particular loading or for the de- termination of their fluttering characteristics can be reduced to a long series of complex mathemati- cal equations. 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