The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

OPINIONS DAILY, TIMES-CAZETTE EDITORIAL PACE FEATURES The Daily Times-Gazette | OSHAWA ' WHITBY THI OSHAWA TIMES (Established 1871) THE WHITBY GAZETTE & CHRONICLE (Established 1863) | 1s a member of The Canadian Press, The Times-Gazette of ian press pay Pr i and the 'Audit Bureau of Circulations. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitied to the use for republication all news despatches ib the paper credited to it or to e Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. Al rights of special despatches herein are also reserved. A HK. ALLUWAY, President and Publisher. T. L. WILSON, Vice-President and Managing Lirector. M. McINTYRE HOOD, Managing Editor. SUBSCRIPTION RATES vered by carrier in Ushawa, Whitoy, Hroeklin, Por ising a Pickering, 24c per week. By mail out. side carrier delivery areas anywhere in Canada and England, $7.00 per year; U.8., $Y.00 per yeas. Authorized as Second Class Matter, Post Office Department, Ottawa, Canada. DAILY AVERAGE CIRCULATION for JULY 10,711 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1950 Good Days for Oshawa - We repeat what was said in an editorial note in these columns yesterday, that these are great days to be living in Oshawa. Never since it became an organized mun- icipality has this city had so much reason to be optimistic as to its future. This com- ment is prompted, partly, by the ceremony held yesterday of cutting the first sod for - the new Parts and Service building of Gen- eral Motors just southeast of the city. As we looked over the great expanse of land which has been cleared and levelled to be the site of this new building, we could not help being impressed by its magnitude. Nor could we ignore the future possibilities for industrial development in that area which, when annexation is completed, will be part of the city of Oshawa. Yet this is only one of the developments which gives one a feeling of great optimism for Oshawa. The other building projects of General Motors, the decision to manufac- ture the Buick automobile in this city, after a period of ten years during which it has not been built in Canada, and the many other industrial advances which are being made by other Oshawa industries show that we are truly in the midst of an era of great progress, At present, Oshawa has more than enough employment for all of its normal population. People are coming in from many outside points to meet the needs of local industries. This means that population is growixg rap- idly, and creating a need for further expan- sion of housing facilities. And with annex- ation likely to be effective on January 1 of 1951, the city's population, next year, will be edging up towards the 40,000 mark. Citizens of Oshawa can have faith in their community. They have every reason for pride in it. And when all of the municipal projects now underway, and to be under- taken in the immediate future, are complet- ed, we will have a city which will rank among the finest of all the cities in Canada in the same general population group. We Agree Members of the International Association of Teachers of Handwriting, composed of master penmen from Canada and the United 'States, in a week-long convertion held near North Bay, devoted much of their time to deploring the standards of handwritirg of people of the present day. In their opinion, the handwriting of moderns is terrible. They claim the time spent in teaching children in the schools to write legibly is woefully inade- quate, and they make recommendations that it be given much more attention than it is now receiving. With the opinion that present day hand- writing, in a great many cases, is terrible, we are in hearty agreement. Week after week, there comes to the editorial desk a flow of hand-written material, letters and articles which would tax the vision and in- genuity of a Solomon to decipher. When we think of the painstaking tuition given in the art of writing a copper-plate hand. in our young days in school, we wonder if the ad- vent of the typewriter has not dealt a death- blow to legibility in handwriting. Certainly we know from experience that there is plenty of room for improvement, and we fzel, with the master penmen of this continent, that more time and attention given to writing in the schools would result in a much-needed improvement. Pensions at 100 : If the predictions of medical science prove correct, all this business of paying pensions at the age of 65 or 70 will be knocked into a cocked hat. Recently, an august body of doctors and professors met in Belgium and held the first International Conference on Geronotology. This is the science of treating diseases of the aged. ' This learned body has come to the con- clusion that the day is coming when a man will just begin to reach the prime of his life at the age of 70. One of these scientists, Dr. William B. Kount, director of the division of gerenotology at the Washington University of Medicine goes a bit further than that. He says: : "It is our belief that it is highly probable that healthy men of 100 will be just as capable of maintaining their economic and social status as healthy men of 40, and we believe that it is feasible and highly probable that in the next generation' older people will maintain their health." If these predictions should be realized, pension schemes will have to be revised, so that we will not have men in the prime of life--at 70--forced to retire and draw pen- sions until they become frisky youngsters of 100 years old. One can well imagine what would happen to pension funds if the period of drawing pensions were extended to over thirty years per individual. So long as three score years and ten remain the normal al- lotted span of life, pensions at 65 are all right, but if that is to be extended beyond the century mark, as the geronotolgists would make us believe, it might be necessary to start the pensions at 100. Editorial Notes We join with British people everywhere in congratulating Princess Elizabeth and her gallant husband on the birth of a daughter. * RA * And now Oshawa people are wondering why they could not have had this week's weather two weeks ago, when they were on holiday. : + * ge Fire on the St. Lawrence cruise steamer is reported to have caused the loss of three lives. That, however, is a much better showing than when the Noronic burned in Toronto harbor. + * >» Col. R. S. McLaughlin has provided hand- some new uniforms for the Oshawa Civic and Regimental Band. This is simply one more instance of the interest taken by this splendid citizen in Oshawa institutions. + + + The prediction that there would be more bad news from Korea before the United Nations forces began to march to victory is coming true. It is evident that more and more forces will have to be sent there to stem the Red tide. ® Other Editors' Views @ OUTSIDERS ALREADY PAY (Peterborough Examiner) We recently referred to Toronto's University Avenue as "in a sense a provincial possession." The Toronto Star immediately suggests that the province bear some of the cost of its .improvement. We thought this was being taken care of by the fines which the Toronto police are so quick to impose upon out-of-town visitors who transgress their complex and capricius parking regulations. * * LE CANADIANS SET RECORD (Niagara Falls Review) During 1049 Canadian set up an all-time record for drinking, spending at the retail level, more than $600,000,000 on beer, liquor and wine. The odd factor is that, in the same time the people of the United States were reducing the amount of money spent on liquor. That is a tremendous amount of spending and it 18 not surprising that an increasing number of people are wondering if the limit on the number of drinking outlets has been reached. While drinking is on the increase, it cannot be surprising to learn that offences, laid to liquor, are on the increase, ® A Bit of Verse ® CITY DWELLER A tree outside my window blows Its greenest leaves; and on her toes A ballerina I can see At practice . . . just across from me, Long silv'ry scales of music rise In endless repetition. Wise With study and the flying hands That weave entrancing sarabands. Wig makers ply an ancient trade And one, in some fantastic shade Of purple . . . sits upon a sill To fashion curls much silkier still. Cool is the shop where ancient glass And shining tables gleam, en masse, And flowing silks and stiff brocade Flutter their folds of gold and jade Plump as a cherub on the lawn' A child, with very little on, Staggers across a square of grass To clutch at shadows as they pass. This street is filled with people who Have filled their lives with things to do. Summer to- them, , . at very most Is just a green and friendly ghost! MONA GOULD e A Bible Thought If He should come today, And finds my hands so full Of future plans, however fair, In which my Saviour has no share, What would He say? If He should come today, And find my love so cold, My faith so very weak and dim, I had not even looked for Him, What would He say? . --Grace E, Try. "Abide in Him; that, when He shall appear we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before Him at His coming." (1 John 2:28.) : ~ --Knott, in The Dallas News Cold Facts on Cost, Power And Speed of Diesel Engines By Wellington Jeffers in The Globe and Mail London, Ont.--Why does General | Motors use a diesel engine in its locomotives instead of a gasoline engine, or a steam engine, or a gas turbine? The answer given to that by General Motors Diesel Ltd. engineers and officers at the open- ing of the new plant during tne open house on Friday night and all day Saturday to inquirers was that the diesel engine gets more power out of a pound of fuel than any other mechanical prime mover yet devised by man that can be made in a size and shape that will fit' into the necessary limits of a railroad car and yet be powerful enough to do what has to be done in modern railroading. A diesel engine, say these ex- perts, gets about 36 per cent of the power out of a pound of fuel, whereas the finest aviation gaso- line engines get about 25 per cent, and the ordinary automobile en- gine "sometimes" will give about 20 per cent. Work Different Way How does the G.M. diesel engine differ from the gasoline engine? It is very much like the gasoline en- gine except in three ways: . 1. It has no spark plugs and no carburetor. 2. It burns fuel oil similar to a good grade of household furnace oil. 3. It has a two-stroke cycle instead of ' the four-stroke cycle of the gasoline automobile engine. "The Diesel engine uses com- pression ignition instead of spark ignition. In a gasoline engine air and gasoline are mixed in the car- pburetor and sucked into the cylin- der. The spark jumps and sets fire to the mixture causing the -explo- sion which forces the piston down to do some work. In the diesel just the air is pumped into the cylin- der. Valves close, trapping the air. The piston goes up, compressing the air to one-sixteenth its orginal volume. As any one who ever oper- ated a tire or football pump knows, air gets hot, when it is compressed. When you compress it as much as it is in the diesel engine it gets very hot--about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, in fact. This is hot enough to burn almost any combustible. At this point the fuel oil is shot into the cylinder. It mixes with the air and catches fire. The resultant explosion for- ces the piston down. "The two-stroke cycle differs from the four-stroke sycle in that in the two-stroke engine the pis- ton only makes two motions for every work stroke. It goes down when the explosion occurs and it comes up to compress the air and its ready for the next explosion. In the four-stroke gasoline auto- mobile engine rae piston goes down after the explosion, it comes up to force the burned gases out, it goes down to suck in a new charge of gasoline and air and then it goes back up to compress the mix- ture to be ready for the next explosion and work stroke. In short the General Motors two-stroke cycie diesel engine wastes only one stroke of the piston for each work stroke, whereas the four-stroke cycle gasoline wastes three strokes for each work stroke." The GM injector, a little like a 45-calibre automatic pistol, bites off exactly the right amount of fuel to do the work which the throttle setting indicates and spits it into the compressea air at the top of the cylinder under tremen- dous pressure. The fuel must be atomized to vel evenly out to the edges of the cylinder in order to provide an even explosion over the entire t6p of the piston. The fuel oil is forced through six holes each about nine one-thousandths of an inch in diameter under pressure that rises to as much as 20,000 pounds to the square inch. It travels about 800 miles an hour as it goes through the tiny holes, spreading out into an extremely fine mist. The speed and pressure just after it goes through the aperture, is so great that if a man were to put his finger in front of it the oil column would dart right through te unfortunate digit. New Generators The electric generators in ( -- eral Motors Jocomotives make direat curr.nt, which is best for operation of the traction motors under conditions met in railroad service. In the latest F7 type of locomotive these generators are of an entifely new type, developed by General Motors. They produce both direct and alternating current in the same assembly off the same driveshaft. Direct current motors have disadvantages when applied to the operation of the various auxiliaries that are necessary in diesel locomotives, such equipment as cooling fans and pumps." Here- tofore, these auxiliaries have been driven by belts or extension shafts operatin> directly off the diesel en- gine. They will now be driven by directly connected alternating cur- rent motors. The auxiliaries can therefore be placed where it is easiest to service them. The designing engineers decided in the very first General Motors locomotive to make the manual controls which the engineer oper- ates as nearly like those of a steam locomotive as possible. They have succeeded so well, news men were told, that a man who has handled nothing but steam locomotives all his working life can sit down at the head end of a General Motors Diesel locomotive in a 'swivel chair and see before him a throttle, a train brake lever, an engine brake lever a sander and a reverse lever just as he did on the steam loco- motive. They are considerably easier to move and they are con- ceniently grouped within easy reach. Two new gadgets will confront the engineer on a General Motors freight locomotive. One is called the "emergency control pedal." The engineer must keep the emergency control pedal depressed with his foot at all times when the train is in motion. If he should become in- capacitated and his foot pressure be removed, all power is immedi- ately shut off and an emergency brake application set. The transi- tion control serves the same pur- pose as the gear shift machinery of an automobile, Another useful development is known as the electric retarding brake or "dynamic" brake. After power is shut off to slacken speed the engineer start pulling on the electric retarding brake lever -- a tapered little rod about five inckes long--and the windings of the traction motors are, in effect, re- versed. This makes generators out of the traction motors. Unlike a traction motor, a generator doesn't want to go anywhere, So all of the traction motors--now generators-- try to keep from going somewhere. This orake is so powerful that it will hold most freight trains on all but the worst mountain down grades at safe speeds, with very little help from the air brakes. The steam locomotive engine, as you and I know it, gives from 6 to 8 per cent, though the latest ex- perimental steam turbine locomo- tive will give about 10 per cent. The gas turbine is not practical yet, but in experimental form it has given over 20 per cent under the most favorable conditions. With such a report any of us would choose diesels. It also oper- ates longer between overhauls than anything else ever tried on the railroads. In a locomotive it is far less susceptiblz to weather varin- tions and to changes in altitude than other prime movers. The traction motors are a spectal kind of electric motor. They have to take greater variations in load than the ordinary electric motors. If an ordinary electric motor is subjected to a heavy load at slow speeds for even a very short time either a fuse blows out or tre motor will get so hot that the metal will melt and the motor has to be rebuilt. That would never do on a locomotive. On the other hand if the trac- tion motor were built to withstand these heavy, slow periods but not speedup when it was time to go 2 hundred miles an hour no railroad would have it. So the traction motors in Diesel locomo- tives are made both for high speeds and taking heavy loads up steep graces. They are known as direct current series connected motors. Less powerful versions are used in street cars. The slower the motor turns tie harder it pulls. It is obvious that a harder pull is needed when the train is just ko- ing started or is lugging up & Mac's Musings A few days ago we climbed Laboriously and slowly Up the great Gorge At Watkins' Glen In New York State, And were awed by the Majestic grandeur Of rock and waterfall, That was unfolded At every turn in the Mile and a half Of this great spectacle. People from far and near Were in the crowd Which ascended the Seven hundred steps Which mark the course Of this wonder of nature, And all were amazed At the scenic beauty Which had been provided By the Creator of all things In that lovely spot. We could not help thinking That in all his efforts At architecture, At landscape gardening And other arts Man has not yet Been able to equal The work of the Creator As he directed nature To leave behind for us Places of rare beauty, The work of man is seen_ At Watkins' Glen Gorge, Only in the steps which Run along its sides To permit the visitors To see its beauty, Completely unadorned, Left untouched by the Hand of man which often Mars the things made For his enjoyment. Th beauty of creation Is best left untouched When it produces such Grandeur and majesty As we saw in that Glen, So that we may know That man has not yet Been able to outdo Nature's masterpieces. ® 30 Years Ago Henry L. Newlove, Darlington farmer was killed when struck by a car on the Kingston Road. The town council decided to ap- proach the Ontario. government and the Oshawa Railway Company regarding the building of a new bridge over the creek on King Street West. A German gun, captured by the 116th Battalion, C.E.F. in France in 1916, was placed in front of the Armouries, Rev. C. J. Felton, pastor of the Christian Church, tendered his resignation on accepting a call to gQNewport News, Virginia. Robert Hyndman was president of the General Benefit Society, elected Motors Looking Around The World By DEWITT MACKENZIE Associated Press News Analyst You are a United Nations soldier on a battle line in Korea, half a world away from home. Why are you there? What are you fighting for? Those are questions you are bound to ask yourself--and probably the answers don't come quickly. If you were at hor, defending your country from invasion, the answers would be easy. ' But why Korea? That's a long, long way from your family hearth. Is it an ideal you are defending? We fought the Second World War "to make the world safe for dem- ocracy." Is that what we are doing now? : You ought to know the answer to that, as you fight through the mud of the rice paddies or over the pre- cipitous heights against a foe whose language and ways of life are wholly strange, What does he mean to you? War Is Concrete You are entitled to a good reason for your assignment, After all, war is concrete and it is cruel; ideals are intangible. Well, idealism of course does en- ter into the sacrifice, The Western Allies again are fighting "to make the world safe for democracy' '-- protect a small state against aggres- sion which it couldn't deal with alone. Furthermore we are doing it under the banner of the United Na- tion.s However, we must look deeper than that. There are many who feel that this wouldn't be sufficient cause to send our boys to such a war. We find a far more substantial reason in the fact that the Korean war is part and parcel of the world conflict between communism and democracy. From that viewpoint we are defending our own doorsteps, and in a big way. The Korean conflict is an impor- tant: part of the rapidly-swelling conquest of Asia by communism. There is a tendency in the West to overlook this fact, because the dan- gers-and the trials of the European conflict have been so much closer. But the Red"offensive in Europe has lost its steam. Having over-run a vast amount of territory which was made vulnerable to it by the world war, it now has been halted by the firm stand of the western powers. So we see Moscow shifting the weight of its offensive to the Asiatic theatre. Korea is an important phase of the Far Eastern conflict which, in the long run, may be de- cisive in the ideological struggle. grade. When this motor is run- ning slowly it demands a lot of ampers and not so many volts from the generator. As it gets up speed it decreases its demand for ampers and increases its demands for volts. The more volts it the faster it operates, ~~ es PORTRAITS A graph or mail By James J. Metcalfe Customer customer is one who buys . . . The merchandise for sale... . In person or by telephone . . . By tele: . . . He may be quick in purchasing . . . Or e may take his time . . . And he may spend quite lavishly ... Or try to save a dime . . . He may be very critical . . . Of all that he inspects . . . Or casually indifferent towards ie + « The item he selects . . . But he is just as mighty ".. . Important as can be . . . For he is indispensable . . . To our economy .. And when there is a question or . . . An argument in sight . . . The merchant wise is he who says . . . The customer is right. Copr., 1950, Sun and Times Co. All Rights Reserved Spending As You Go By JOSEPH LISTER RUTLEDGE There is something about being elected to parliament, and still more about achieving cabinet rank that does things to the wisdom and modesty of naturally capable and modest men. : Individuals, who would readily recognize that a wide experience of business and a full knowledge of its peculiar cir- cumstances are essential to its souna direction, as government of- ficials do not hesitate to st-p in where more thoughtful angels would fear to tread. ; One must admi. a certain hesi- tant admiration for the adroitness of the move to force 'more of the profits of industry into investor's hands. Patently it was not for love of the investor. It was quite clear that further taxation of industries' profits would meet with stiff oppos- ition so that s me other way of achieving the same end had to be found. These adroit politicia.s quickly recognized that if the e profits were in the hands of the in- vestors, they could there be effec- tively taxed with less disapproval. The reason, of course, was that, whatever the tax, the investor would have an unexpected residue remaining. This adroit and devious course by which 'management was jockey- ed into a position, where opposition to the proposal would lay them open to the criticism of their stockholders, defeated the purpose of management. The efficiency of a Board of Directors is reflected in the success of an operation. The de- decisions of the directors result from the long look of men familiar with the business world, conversant with conditions under which it must operate, and in close touch with the particular operation. Selected by the shareholders by reason of confidence in their integrity and efficiency, their powers are still curbed by the ability of the stock-s holder to recall them, should they lose that confidence. 'But the wisdom of government stepped in to make all these safe- guards of no avail. In the face of the decision of experience that, the uncertainity of the future, the un- predictable character of labor's re- newing demands, the fluctuation of inventory prices, the necessary im- provements, replacements and addi- tions in plant and equipment de- manded substantial reserves, the government said "No! Spend your money." True, that is the custom- ary attitude of governments. But, faced with unexpected demands, governments can always assess the public, Business and industry must earn its profits, its reserves and its se- curity. It is yet within the bounds of possibility that government may discover that forcing out the fin- nancial reserves that it had seemed wise to set up was not the course of wisdom. It may yet be proved that such action has not been in the larger interests of industry, of the shareholder, of the worker, of the public or, of the government. All lose when the foundations of any industry become insecure, because adequate protection has been de- nied. ® 20 Years Ago The huge British dirigible R-100 passed over the city at 4 a.m., and provided a splendid view for those who saw it. The provincial convention of the Canadian Legion, in Hamilton, ac- cepted an invitation to hold its 1931 convention in Oshawa, General Motors annual picnic was postponed on account of an outbreak of infantile paralysis in the city, with two deaths reported. A. Lodick, employee of Fittings Limited, was seriously injured in an explosion in the casting foun- dry at the plant. Viscount and Lady Willingdon paid an informal visit to Oshawa and were guests of Mr. and Mrs. R. S. McLaughlin at Parkwood. Report From Westminster By ALAN HARVEY \ Canadian Press Staff Writer London, Aug. 16 (CP).--The cone clusion of World War Two marks a setback in economic planning in the Western World, For the first time since the war ended, the dollar drive of Britain and Western Europe now officially, takes second place to defence. The ambitious plans for restoring trade balances and meshing free econ- omies must be discarded, or at best revised. International events march quick- ly. Three months ago, in what Canadian officials considered to be a bold step forward, it was decided that Canada and the United States would associate themselves with the organization for European economic co-operation to strengthen econ-' omic co-operation between North' America and Western Europe. j Broadly speaking, the idea was: another phase in the post-war pat- tern which has seen the west move to try to handle economic problems as a unit. Canada welcomed the proposal as a possible means of regaining some of the markets lost because of dollar-sterling diffi culties. Korean War Ends Hopes Thus, with the blessing of Canada and the United States, the O.EE.C, met in June to draw up a four-to- five-year program for Western European recovery. Then along came the war in Korea, and this first attempt to plan beyond the end of Marshall aid went out of the window. Korea means defence instead of dollars, guns instead of butter, so economic planners will have to start again. Member states which have pledged new rearmament pro- grams in response to a call from the United States, will have to sub- mit revised economic estimates based on increased military spend- ing. Western rearmament also means particular problems for particular countries. Britain, for instance, will have to decide to what extent the woollen mills of Lancashire and Yorkshire are to be turned over to the production of service uniforms instead of shirts for North America. Attlee To Announce Plans Prime Minister Attlee has set Britain's expenditure at £3,400,000,- 000 ($10,200,000,000). If plants are going to start turning out more military equipment, how can the United Kingdom maintain its en- gineering exports to Canada; will priorities for export markets be established ? These and other questions une doubtedly remain to be settled. Some outline of what the govern=- ment has in mind may emerge Thursday, when Hugh Gaitskell as Minister of Economic Affairs, meets representatives of organized labor to explain how rearming will affect industry. Attlee may fill in other details in a broadcast Aug. 23. Present | guesses are that the government will increase the call-up period from 18 months to two years, and increase service pay. A ten-mile lagoon near the old town of Abbotsbury on the south coast. of England is the largest swannery in Europe. ummertime 3 . Enjoyment AT MOST ATTRACTIVE RATES Enjoy real comfort, excellent food and service at truly moderate rates. Famed "Ship's Sun Deck," sea-water baths, buthing direct from hotel. 250 rest ful rooms. Concert Trio. American Plan (3 generous meals & daily) or European. Booklet. "Shell PREMIUM Gasoline is the most powerful gasoline your car can use. It's Activated!"