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PAGE SIXTEEN SATURDAY" APRIL 15, "$ THE DAILY. TIMES.GAZETTE X J oist Depth Important In Sound Construction SORE IRV IE INADC FAFA PAATAES SUPE INA SRT TEAL FOTN TN MURBBEESNRS nant £0 EE TERE EE Joists are planks that carry the weight of the floors and ceiling. They are the base to which the sub- flooring is applied. The usual spac- ing is 16 inches. Strength and rigidity are the prime factors in choosing the type of joist to be used. This is even more important than the grade of 'material. Stiffness in a joist, which Prevents bending or vibration, de- nds upon the actual depth of joist, A lower-grade material with a greater depth will give a better floor than a higher-grade '-ignAterial with a lesser depth. Both would cost about the same. The joist rests on the girder and should have a four-inch bearing at either end. As with the floor beam, the size of the joist depends upon its length and the species and e of material used. A chart for udging spans may be found in the National Housing Act building stan- dards. When regular joists are cut to provide openings for stairs or chimneys, auxiliary joists are in- stalled. These are called Headers and are placed at right angles to joists that have been cut. Headers should be the same size as joists, Both headers and joists around openings are usually doubled re- gardless of the strength. All joists should be stiffened with cross-bridging (Figure 2) usually one-by-three's nailed to form an X pattern between the joists. Bridg- ing helps to stiffen the floor. Each piece is nalled by two or three nails at the top. The lower ends are not nailed until the sub-flooring is in place. : This is the tenth in a series of articles written in the interest ot readers who are contemplating building or buying a house.) SURE, IT STRETCHES BUT JUST HOW FAR? Denver, Col.-- Burst water-pipes from freezing may soon be a thing of the past? From this city comes a report of couplings, pipe and fit- tings, now available, made entirely of plastics which expand when the water within them freezes. Plumb- ing and heating men will naturally wonder if this magic material auto- matically returns to its original dimensions when thawed out. Or does it expand still further when frozen a 'second time? Perhaps that would be stretching things too far. ROMAN LEGEND The legendary date of the found- ing of Rome by Romulus was in 753 BC. 1) SCALDING ALARM London -- (CP) -- Because his wife would not get up in the morn- ing a man poured a kettle of boil- ing water over her, it was stated in court here. The wife won a sep- aration order and her husband was fined £1 ($3.10). \ PRESENT BUDDHA RELICS Calcutta -- (CP) A casket containing sacred relics of Budd and two chief disciples were pre- sented to Prime Minister Thakin Nu of Burma by a Buddhist reli- gious society here. Buddhism was started in India in the fifth cen- tury B.C. BALTIC FARMING Farming is the work of more than 60 per cent of the population of Estonia. -- --_-- . CONSULT GENERAL CONTRACTOR Plan Now Your 1950 Building Project. First Come -- First Served -- Best Served "A WILKINS JOB JS A QUALITY JOB" 597 MASSON ST. PHONE 1467W a x -- "She didn't want a vecuum cleaner -- but I'll bet she could use a new door!" ERNIE 53 ALBERT ST. CAY LUMBER' ~ COMPANY -- = You cen save money on your new doors at Ernie Cay Lumber. Or for any other material to repair or remodel your home be sure to see us before you buy. PHONE 127 3 -- A PEAR TREE TO FORM A O0UBLE U-FoPM ESPALIER LSPALIER ADAPTED TO A W/E, LOW WALL IN A SUNNY LOCAT/ON . Wd A SIMPLE ESPALIER FOR fruit in his are planted foliage and a family cam tak from his own that you like. abundance of mulching to conserve moisture. indicate how eafy it is well to place fruit trees near the borders APPLE TREES IN A SMALL SPACE We Arrange N.H.A. LOANS Our Mtge Dept. is equipped to give 'you assistance in ~ LOCATION -- BLUEPRINTS -- CONTRACTOR -- LOAN APPROVAL -- INSURANCE COVERAGE We can also arrange for addi- tiona!' mtge. money under the New Federal Legislation. PHONE 4400 howe 4400 chofield (©) INsurRANCS CAgengy Realtors 6 Simcoe St. North * "Delco-Heat" Qil-Burner QUALITY GUARANTEED QUIET - CLEAN ECONOMICAL - GENERAL MOTORS GENERAL MOTORS "Delco-Heat" Qil-Fired Conditioner CLEANS - FILTERS HUMIDIFIES - CIRCULATES McCLARY "Steel" Furnace 313 ALBERT ST. MAKE YOUR HOME COMFORTABLE IN ALL KINDS OF WEATHER WITH AUTOMATIC HEAT. GO AUTOMATIC : WITH A QUALITY UNIT. OIL-BURNERS -- OIL BOILERS -- OIL. CONDITIONERS -- FURNACES -- COAL STOKERS -- HEAT REGULATORS -- HEAT TRAPS -- NOZZLES -- FILTERS -- AND OTHER ACCESSORIES ---- G.M.A.C. PAYMENT PLAN. COAL - COKE - WOOD - FUEL OIL - EXPERT SERVICE The ROBERT DIXON "COAL" CO, LTD. OSHAWA / TELEPHONE *262 Heo Rasrosapns Aegon Sywawoenese, 2 Si = Oyo §} ata H 2 -------- ---- -- ---- OR CLad/ocwS FOR COTTING Bf x a Vecernsses = 3 'S Gramrwnsc « PLANTING HN 5 8 cin --------3 3 ANNUALS OR Dawiras 3 ? Vecerasces . Scace PLAN ~ THE HOME FRUIT GARDEN Property permits, an owner is well advised in growin, n. If the size ey cost no more arden, The above Tuit in variety, G RODEN C YLTURE pL ERIES by Hanoi C Becwirr 474. y ornament. All fruit trees are attractive in blossom and ¢ much pleasure and advantage in having fruit Consult nursery catalogues ai ollow planting directions carefully. Fy indicates a plot 50 feet square which will supply an At the left are shown dwarf trees which are espaliered. These can be trained to fences or against walls. It is well to' prepare the ground carefully applying manures and fertilizers which are suitable for garden use. Clean cultivation is recommended, also heavy A study of leaflets on pest controls will to combat insects. A TRELLIS FOR OEWBERRIES than shrubs, trees or vines, whic! select varieties On the average property it is of the property. o New Cane GrowTHS =~ Favry geamne Cwes BLACKBERRY TRELLIS For Finish in The wall skeleton of a frame house is composed of verticle two- by four's called studs. Their main purpose is to provide a framework for the wall sheathing and to sup- port the weight of the upper floors. As for joists, the standard spac- ing between the studs is 16 inches. The grade and species of material is ordinarily the same as that used in the joists and rafters. The lumber should be straight to avoid bulges and hollows in partitions and walls, Studs should not be cut more than half their depth to receive piping or other Installations. Studding should be in one continuous length from the floor to the ceiling. The usual practice is to use one two-by- four brace between each two studs. These should run either horizontally or diagonally throughout the length of the wall as shown in the sketch. Each brace should be nailed with two nails to each stud. Dry lumber must be used to prevent warping and pulling out the nails. In erecting the studs, they may be Studding Gives Framework New Home braced temporarily then toe-nailed to the sill. This is awkward. A more convenient method is to space the studs on the ground and nail on the sills and top plates. When the studs have been spiked together they can then be raised into place in one unit. This saves time and does a better job. (This is the eleventh in a series of articles written in the interest ot readers who are contemplating building or buying a house.) RISKY PASTIME East London, South Africa-- (CP) --Swimming in South African wa- ters has its drawbacks. N. H. Wright recently was bitten in the leg and hand by a shark, but he struggled to the beach and was taken to hospital. SILVER SOURCE Mexican silver accounts for 40 per cent of the world's output. HOT WATER HOT WATER! HEATER Double Jacketed (22 gallon capecity). Hot dipped galven- ized, inside and out. BURNER 7" breese patented pot type. REGULATOR "Draft-O-Lite" draft regulator, quires no adj AUTOMATIC CONTROL Detroit Lubricator Control. (not electric) 4 SETTINGS PILOT: Continuous water, day or night. WARM: Average temperature of water--130", Consumption warm [\ i iL FIRED WATER HEATER SHARP EL 160 KING ST. W. i II, LENT Gow!) 30 gallon water tank from 60° % gal. of oil in 24 hours. MEDIUM: Average tempera- ture of weter--160°. Con- sump 1 gal. of oil in 24 hours. HOT: Average temperature of water -- 200°, Consumption 1%2 gal. of oil in 24 hours. HEATS to 130° at rate of 3 minutes per gallon. ECTRIC Co. PHONE 4501 No Racial Discord In Timmins School -- J Timmins, Ont. (CP)--If there. is a more polyglot student body in any Canadian school than at Tim- min High and Vocational School, principal A. A. Rose would like to know about it. : Ohe-third of the students in his school is of British stock, one-fifth French-Canadian, There also are many Itallans and Finns. From there, the roll call reads something like the roster of the United Na- tions. The only difference is that here you find nationalities not rep- resented at Lake Success. There are Swedes, Ukrainians, Czechoslovaks, Yugoslavs, Belgians, Romanians, Poles, Russians, Eston- fans, Latvians, North American In- dians, Dutch, Dames, Norwegians, Jews, Syrians, Germans, Hungar- fans and Austrians. There are two Spanish students and one Chinese and next year Japanese students will attend. 80 numerous and intermingled are the national groups that racial pre- Judices are obliterated merely by the constant rubbing of shoulders. Last year there were only nine cases of juvenile delinquency in Timmins. Town fathers claim this as a per capita record in Canada. Perhaps this is the reason. Among the group activities for the students, is an 80-voice choir that travels through Northern Ontario. There is a junior girls' choir of 40 voices too. The. choir is accompanied by a 40-piece symphony orchestra that also gives concerts of its own. Both the choir and orchestra are con- ducted by Edouard Bartlett, a musi- cian well-known in Ontario. A dramatic society boasts a mem- bership of 80 with three plays in preparation. An active students' parliament acts as a disciplinary force among the student body. "Teen Town," produced and direct- ed by the students, is heard every Saturday over the local radio sta- tion. Two high school columns, written by students, appear in local newspapers; in addition to a school paper. Dances are held in the school pauditorium nearly every week and there are three formal dances a year. The school has consistently been among the leading institutions in the province in the percentage of students passing department of education examinations, Principal Rose says the students are encouraged to hold on to the best parts of their national cul- tures but that primary emphasis is placed first and foremost on the fact they are Canadians. PICTORIAL ADDRESS Wellingborough, Yorkshire, Eng- land -- (CP) -- Pictures tell more than words, they say. A Welling- borough resident received a letter through the mail. It had no ad- dress but a picture of the recipient Housekeepi Chicago, Ill.--"As right as rain" is an old saying especially true with soft water, says the Plimbing and Heating Industries Bureau. For rain water, unspoiled by min- erals and bad odors picked up on the ground, is the perfect kind of water for laundering, paration, dishwashing, and bath- ing. Hard water, filled with min- erals, iron, acids, and unpleasant odors or tastes, is hard on the bud- get and means more work. Un- fortunately it is difficult to get pure rain water in adequate quan- tities for household use. Rain water in the usual type of cistern is contaminated by dirt on the roof and eaves. Pay For Selves Water can be softened' by auto- matic softeners, Softeners usual- ly pay for themselves within a year or two because of their saving in soap alone. A family of four can save $36 or more in soap a year if they have soft water. Hard water causes complaints from homemakers because it leaves a sticky scum on dishes, glassware, washing machines, bath- tubs, etc. The more soap you use to clean off this scum, the higher your cost of living. Hard water difficulties can be eliminated in homes today by in- stallation of a zeolite water soften- er. Such a softener removes all lime and magnesium salts and con- verts into one with no 'trace of hardness. A zeolite water soften- er consists of a tank which con- tains the zeolite mineral. This tank is connected to the house piping; after flowing through the zeolite the water leaves the tank and then flows to the faucets. Recondition Zeolite The zeolite last indefinitely, but pediorically, after a certain amount of water has been softened, it must be reconditioned by flushing with a solution of pure table salt. This reconditioning is easily accomplish- ed by almost any member of the family when a hand operated water softener is used. In the automatic HILLSIDE FLC2R SERVICE Floors Laid, Sanded and Finished RUBBER, MASTIC and MARBOLEUM TILE Also BATTLESHIP LINOLEUM 296 Hillside -- Phone 547M was pasted on the envelope. To ROOFING™ ASPHALT SHINGLES INSUL-BRICK SIDING GENERAL CARPENTRY WORK W. D. Parkhurst Free Estimates Phone 433-J Your Kitchen! 1e time to re.aodel that Now is dingy looking kitchen. Let Alex Vajda build your modern kitchen cupbozr or any other alterations. 20 years experience in the building tr=1>, HNOW-Hew Floors tor OY B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER TILE FLOORING w._ "== Now you can replace old, drab - floors with Rubber Tile Floor. ing. Enjoy the luxury of mod- ern individually .designed floors. Select from a wide range of cheerful colors and designs. You will appreciate the differ." ence in appearance, comfort underfoot and the amazing durability. B. F. Goodrich Rubber Tile will add distinc. tion to the interior of your hame, office or store . . . let us help you combine colors that will harmonize with any deco- rative scheme. Our on-the-job experience is at your service. Call us today! DISTRIBUTED BY BRUNT MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED 462 BATHURST ST., TORONTO ne 4 . - --- - YY. ty TY or rurther Information and FREE ESTIMATES Call ALEX VAJDA 481 DREW S43. PHONE 4117TW 'M'ODERN WOODWORKING SHOP" food pre- Water Softener Makes® ng Easier type of water softener, the recon- ditioning is done by an electric mo- tor which is started by a hand switch, or by a time clock, or 'a water meter. The only attention required for the automatic type is to load the brine tank with salt at intervals. - When you bathe with hard water, the sticky curd reduces the pleas- ure of the bath and the feeling of cleanliness that follows a bath in soft water. The scum that forms also leaves around the bathtub a sticky ring that is not easily re- moved. Shampooing the hair with hard water is just as troublesome, as it leaves the hair sticky and dull- looking instead of clean, soft, and lustrous. Hard water even affects the flav- or and texture of foods, like peas and beans; and if such water is used for making tea and ' coffee, some of the flavor of these bever= ages will be lost. One of the best known examples of what happ when hard water is heated appe in the scale clinging to the bottom and sides of a tea kettle, This same kind of scale alsa causes damage and high costs in your piping. Without softening de- vices to prevent this accumula« tion scale, hot water piping may seen clog up. That means costly re- pairs to the whole circuit with poss ible new piping needed. The wisest plan, therefore, is to invest in a water softener made by a reliable manufacturer and sold by a dealer familiar with water conditions in your community. HILL-COKNISH ELECTRIC Electrical Contractors ® Industrial and Domestic Construction and Maintenance WIRING and SUPPLIES Phone 341 50-53 Prince St. -- Oshawa OIL BURNER Better INSTALLATION Fi OIL AW OA 110 King St. SN BYE YAY Cote sel Arelornialic McLAUGHLIN COAL & SUPPLIES LTD. HEAT LAME METHOD w. Phone 1246 US TODAY for free The 20 eal ically different, b For the finest in heating, here's your winning com- bination--Timken Silent Automatic Oil Heat PLUS topnotch installation know-how! On both counts, out shop is Heating Heagauareeps, A Timken Silent Auto- matic Wall-Flame Oi tory-trained experts--will give you constant, carefr Burner--installed by our fac. comfort. What's more, this clean, convenient heat cone sistently saves up to 25% or more on fuel bills. Yon can enjoy these demonstrated savings, too. PHONE fact-finding survey. Timken Silent Automatic is a y better of every four, wall-flame oil burner. Furnace walls are efficiently Bianketed by a nan ural, unhurried, high-intensity flame. Wall-Flame design saves as much as one automatic heating dollar owt