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FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 1948 THE. DAILY .TI MES-GAZETTE PAGE FIVE Troubles in Berlin Point Up Record of Disagreement By The Canadian Press Friendship and harmony prevailed when Russian and United States troops met at Torgau, on the Elbe River, on April 27, 1945. It was the climax of the twin Allied drives across Germany. It also was the highwater mark of cordiality between the eastern and weste; powers which had allied ti elves to crush Hitler's Third Reich. From that day on, a mere 10 days before Germany's capitulation, re- | lations between east and west have wieadily deteriorated. The first symptom was the reluct- - ance of the Russians to allow Brit- | gry ish and American forces to enter Berlin, captured by Soviet armies. Although Germany surrendered May 7, 1045, it was July 3 of that year before the Russians would permit Britain and the United States to move garrison troops into the fallen capital and to take over a share of responsibility for the city's admin- istration. ' Since that time, relations have steadily grown worse. Today the four.power Allied administration of Germany virtually has broken down. Russia's intention to keep a tight checkrein on the other powers was shown in July, 1945. She limtted her Allies to a single highway, a single railway line and an air cor- ridor about 20 miles wide as a sup- ply and communications route be. tween their zones in western Ger- many and Berlin. That left the British, American and French areas of Berlin, 125 miles east of the nearest western occupation zone boundary, only tenuously linked with their own German-controlled territory. Travellers quickly found that any deviation from the prescribed routes meant detention and arrest by the Russians. Check on Trains As a further check, commanders of trains operated by the western Allies in or out of Berlin were re- quired to show a list of pa gers year when Russia demanded the right to board and inspect trains and road transport on the commu- nication route. Rather than submit to this, British and American au. thorities cancelled their trains and resorted to planes to get passengers and supplies into Berlin. The Russians sought to justify their inspection. requirement by charging that the western Allies were plundering Berlin of factory equipment to strengthen their zones. They further asserted that the western powers were sending "spies" into Berlin to undermine Soviet authority and that hordes of hun- Germans were crossing the frontier illegally into the Russian zone. Later the Russians partially back- ed down by offering to hold a joint meeting for "clarification" of their order. Observers saw in the Russian step a manoeuvre to force the west. ern Allies out of Berlin. Such a development would enormously heighten Soviet prestige through- out Germany and correspondingly diminish that of the western pow- ers. It would have significant reper- cussions outside Germany too, par- ticularly in those European coun. tries where the Communists are striving to gain the upper hand. That's the situation as it stands. Many Disagreements But the 33 months since Berlin came under control of the Allied Kommandatura, a body headed by the Allied military commanders in Berlin, have been a chapter of dis- agreements and obstruction. Russia in particular has taken vehement objection to Anglo-Amer. ican plans for economic co-opera- tion between the British and United States zones, now amounting to formal economic merger. The tone of the Soviet objections has grown steadily sharper. It reached a peak early this year. In January the Russian army news- paper in Berlin, Taegliche Runds- chau, d d the merger and or a freight manifest covering each train to Russian authorities at a check point. Relations between east and west were further strained in March this demanded that Britain and the United States quit Berlin. In a note to the United Kingdom, the United States and France March 8, Russia went farther. She charged Belguim Honors Unknown Soldier Prince Charles, regent of Belgium, is shown as he presented U.S. President Truman with the Belgian War Cross to be awarded to the American Unknown Soldier of World War II, who is yet to be chosen. The decora- tion was delivered to the chief executive at ceremonies in the White House, Washington, that newly-reached agreements among the western powers on Ger- man industry were "for the purpose of aggression against the USS.R." The United States replied to this with a note March 26, blaming Russia for Allied disunity in Ger. many and asserting that Russia is creating a totalitarian state in east- ern Germany. This .tmosphere of recrimination was far remote from the Big Three harmony out of which emerged the Potsdam declaration of August, 1945, setting forth principles for control of Germany. "It is the intention of the Allies that the Gerhan people be given the - opportunity to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and peaceful ba- sis," said that agreement. War industries were to be barred, education to be controlled, the ju- diciary system reorganized and "the administration of the affairs in Germany . . . directed toward the decentralization of the political structure and the development of local responsibility." As .far as feasible, the German population in occupation zones was to be treated alike. The harmony didn't last long. By July, 1946, Britain and the United States reached agreement on eco- nomic co-operation between their occupation zones. In September plans were announced for bizonal executive agencies to deal with fin. ance, food and agriculture, eco- nomics and transport. In December, 1946, a formal eco- nomic merger agreement was sign- ed, to be effective Jan. 1, 1947. It was designed to make the combined mnes self-sustaining within three years at a cost of $1,000,000,000, split equally between Britain and the United States. The agreement stipulated that the zones were to remain independent politically. A year later, in December, 1947, the agreement was revised. The United States, recognizing Britain's acute dollar shortage, agreed to pay for most imports for the combined zones. In return, she obtained fin- ancial and economic control, al- though political control remained equal, In March of this year a further Wage Guarantee For Journalists Urged At Parley Geneva, April 16 -- (AP)--The United Nations conference on free- dom of information Thursday rec- ommended guaranteed wages and conditions of work for professional Journalists in all countries. The resolution recommended that in all countries 'the advisability be considered of assuring, by free ne- gotiators betaween employers and employees, or, where necessary, by law, the protection of journalists whose main source of livelihood is Journalism." It said such protection should in- clude minimum initial salaries and automatic increases, superannua- tion and retirement pay, compensa- tion for wrongful dismissal, paid vacations, compensation for acci- dents at work and occupational dis- eases and impartial settlement of professional disputes. The resolution was opposed by Canada and the United Kingdom. The United States, Poland and Yugoslavia were among the coun- tries supporting it. LEGION CONVENTION Cornwall, April 16--(CP)--More than 600 legionnaires are expected to attend the annual convention of 'district "G" of the Canadian Legion here April 25. Among those attending will be Maj. Gen, Price, Legion Dominion President; Vet- erans Minister Gregg and Trans- port Minister Chevrier, step was taken. Representatives of Britain, France, the United States, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg agreed on internationalizing . the Ruhr, Germany's industrial heart, and giving the Benélux countries an equal voice in major policy de- cisions affecting Germany. Progress also was made towards merger of the French zone economically with the' British and American zones. What the next step will be no one can foresee. But so far Russia has shown no inclination to co. operate with the western powers in economic unification of Germany. 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