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"All the News A Growing While It Is Newspaper in a Growing City PH -- he Oshawa Daily Tunes Succeeding The Oshawa Reformer : Published at Oubwa. Ont. Cantdn, Evers OSHAWA, ONTARIO, MONDAY, AUGUST 24, 1931 12 Cents a Week; 3 Cents a Copy SIX PAGES | AT BRITAIN TO HAVE A COALITION | | Legion Provincial Command Has Moved to Oshawa RAMSAY MACDONALD IS | | CONVENTION OFFICERS [BUSYDAYIN +: subpEN cau for | REQUESTED BY THE KING VOL, 9--NO. 45 --T--T------------------------ A, UR CABINET * § IN HEADQUARTERS AT - MOTORS' AUDITORIUM Advance Guard for Big Gathering Arrived This Afternoon From Toron- to Under First Vice- President EXECUTIVE MEETS ALL DAY TUESDAY Officials Delighted With Local Arrangements -- Decorations Are Going Up -- Everything Is In Readiness The advance guard of the On- tario Provincial Command of the Canadian Legion arrived in Osh- awa this afternoon, when the pro- vincial headquarters office was moved en bloc from Toronto to Orbawa and took up its quarters in one of the large rooms of the General Motors Auditorium. In charge of the party was Lt.-Col. F. J. Picking, first provincial vice-president and honorary pro- vincial secretary and with him were Captain W. C. C. Innes, pro vinelal executive member and :s- sistant convention secretary: A. A. Robinson of 'reronto, Frank Furness of London and C. H. Windsor, the three provincial ad- justment officers; N. S. Bruce of the provincial office staff, Miss L. Riddick, chief clerk in the pro- vincial office, and Misses Siegel, Sedgwick, Bowman, Howden ana Frith, of headquarters staff. The headquarters office for the con- vention was set up in the kitchen of the G. M. C. Audicor:um, which is ideally located for this pur- pose, and no time 'was lost in getting to work for the firal pre- parations for the big convention which opens tomorrow with a day of executive sessions. This evening there will be a staff din- ner at the Hotel Genosha, at which the local convention chair- man, M. McIntyre Hood, will re- view with the other officia.s, all the local arrangements made for the convention. Lt.-Col. J. Keiller MacKay, the provincial president of the Le- gion, will be the guest of Mr. and Mrs. R. S. McLaughlin at Parkwood during his stay in the city. He will be here until Fri- day morning, when he will ac- coempany Earl and Countess Jel. licoe and their party to Toronto for the opening of the Canadian National Exhibition. Several of the provincial executive officers are expected here this evening also, in preparation for the ex- ecutive meetings which start at 10.30 a.m. While tomorrow is devo'ed ouly to executive meetings, it will see the beginning of thes en- " tertainment features of the comn- vention. At noon, the members of the Provincial Executive and the provincial officers will be the guests of the Kiwanis, Rotary, ard Kinsmen's Clubs at 'uncheor in the Hotel Genosha. The speak- er for this luncheon will be Lt.- Col. B. O. Hooper, provinciai honorary treasurer of the Legion, snd manager of the head office branch of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto. Iu the ev- ening, the Chamber of Commerce will tender -a dinner to the pro- vincial officers and executive, also " at the Hotel Genosha, with R. 8. 'McLaughlin, Lt.-Col. J. Keilier MacKay and Lt.-Col. F. J. Pick- ing listed as the speakers, At both of these functions, .the guests will be introduced to their Losts by M. McIntyre Hood. The convention proper will start at 9.30 a.m. on Wednesday, and by tomorrow night most of the delegates will have arrived in the city, and will have been billeted, either in the thres local hotels or in private homes It is expected that there will be at least 500 delegates, while hun- dreds of visitors will "join them in the city on Thursday and Fri- day, for the visit of Karl and Countess Jellicoe. At the open- ing ceremonies, the speaking will be brief. The ¢¥nvention will be formally opened by the Provin. cial President, Lt.-Col, J. K. Mac- Kay, and the invocation will be pronounced by Capt. the Rev. E. Harston, chaplain of the Oshawa Branch of the: Legion. M. M.| Hood, president of the Oshawa Branch, will then take charge of the proceedings, and will -intro- duce Mayor Marks, who will give tho official civic welcome. A group of representatives of or- ganizations, and of prominent eitizens, will then be introduced to the delegates, but only one or two of them will be asked to speak. At the close of this cere- mony, the Provinetal President (Continued on page 3) FIRE DESTROYED BRODKLIN HONE Residence of Constable Burned to Ground on Sunday (By Whitby Staff Writer) When a coal oil stove exploded in the kitchen about half past five on Sunday afternoon, the large house occupied by Constable George Browne and owned by Mrs. Porteous as part of an estate, was completely destroyed by fire. Only some of the front room furniture was saved through the efforts of the neighbors. Following the explosion flames leaped up the walls in the kitchen and spread rapidly through the house, one of the largest in the vil- lage. It was of roughcast and frame construction, and the flames made great headway through the stair- ways and large rooms. The village fire brigade was soon on deck and poured chemicals into the flames. The brigade succeeded in saving ad- joining buildings, including the house of Reeve Charles L. Mackey. It was several hours before the fire was under control, but by that time much vaiuable furniture, some pieces that had been in the family for years, also all of the books, cloth- ing, papers and other belongings of Constable Browne had been stroyed. Constable Browne was not home when the fire started. Mrs. Porteous, an aged and es- teemed resident of the village, own- er of the house lost many valuable belongings, as did also other occu- pants of .the house. The flames spread so rapidly that it was im- possible to enter the greater por- tion of the building after the fire started, The house, part of what is known as the former Holliday and Howden estates, was insured, as were also the contents, Members of the fire brigade with the limited fire-fighting facilities at their disposal, did excellent work, and in this they were assisted by neighbors. at "The faster man learned to travel, the more civilized he became."'-- Capt. Frank Hawks. SEWER BLOCKED, CRAWLED THROUGH City Employe Set Himself a Dangerous Task . Jean Valjean, famous character in Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," crawled through the sewers of Pa- ris. Oshawa has Bo Jean Valjean, but it has sewers--and these sewers sometimes cause trouble. The storm sewer on King street, west frofn the city's main intersec- tion, has been blocked for some time. What the trouble is, or where, has been difficult to ascer- tain, The surface water, draining from King street west, has been un- able to go through this sewer and instead has been finding its way into the sanitary sewer. In order to locate the trouble if possible one of the city's employees entered a manhole at the four cor- ners and attempted to do the Jean Valjean act by crawling up the slimy pipe. The storm sewer has only a diameter of 24 iffches and he only advanced 30 feet/or so. Even at that it was a daring thing to do. City Eingeer Goedike has known of too many instances where men have been trapped and suffocated in sew- ers to countenance the risking of any man's life. As a more wise and prudent meth- od a little cart was then constructed upon which was placed a strong electric light. By the means of sew- er rods this tiny vehicle was pushed up the pipe for a distance of 150 feet and by means of its rays the men who operated it were able to find out the condition of the storm sewer. The city engineer's department has now a general idea of where the trouble is to be located and it will be now necessary to dig up the pavement at that spot in order to make the needed repairs. EATHER Probabilities. -- Moderate south-west winds with show- ers in many localities to. day and part of Tuesday, then clearing with north- west winds. : ~ de- POLICE COURT Five Cases Heard by Mag- istrate Creighton To-day INFORMATION AMENDED Harry Yourkevich who had been remanded in connection with a charge of assault on severpe occasions appeared in court th of morning to have the charge 4s a posed of but as the informainish had been amended to a ct of committing bodily harmrs of counsel D. A, J. Swanson ure of that the case be further adn a : ed. In agreeing to the a? tota ment His Worship set Fr this week for the heari renewed Yourkevich's bail for $500, 3 ant at- ) answer ' various VAGRANCY CHARGE Robert Tracy taken into cus- tody on Saturday on a charge of vagrancy was remanded for a week if city 'police court this morning. The accused may be given a mental examination as he claimed to have thought of -the principle of aeroplanes before anyone else, PLEADED GUILTY Charles Fair pleaded guilty in police court this morning to being intoxicated in charge of a mootr vehicle on Saturday and was sentenced to seven days in the county jai] with hard labour. The accused must pay the cost of .the court or spend an addi- tional seven days in custody. His Worship commented in passing judgment that such cases seemed to be on the increase and he in- tended to impose a much more severe penalty in future cases. REMANDED ONE WEEK Irwin Little and Willlam James Lytle were each remanded for a week in custody unless bail is provided, when they appeared in police court this morning charged with breaking into the premises of Mrs. Grills, 228 Hillside Avenue on Sunday. Neither of the accused was represented by coun- sel and were not asked to plead to the charge. CHARGE DISMISSED The charge of using grossly in- sulting language on the street in addressing Willlam James Lytle brought Mrs. Bertha Prest, Wil- son Road, East Whitby, into court this morning. It was claimed that she had taken the license number of the plaintiff's car and had spoken in an unseemly man- ner when asked why she did it. The alleged altercation took place on August 11 outside the home of Mr. Wilson. The charge was dismissed by His Worship who warned the accused not to appear in court in future. A. C. Hal] appeared for the defense, while the case for the complainant, was conducted by J. A. McGibbon. a MANY ARRESTS ON POLLING DAY Hundreds Charged After Raid on Mayor Houde's Headquarters (By Canadian Press) Montreal, Aug. 24--More than a hundred men were arrested in early morning raids: on the committee rooms of Mayor Camillien Houde, opposition leader, in the city con- stituencies of St. Mary and St. James. Mayor Houde is Conserva- tive candidate in both ridings. Prov- incial police confirmed the reports of wholesale arrests but would not say what definite charges would be made. It was stated the men would be arraigned until tomorrow ang it was learned the charge concerned possession of, illegal documentary information concerning electors. The arrests were made before the polls opened for the general proy- incial election, voting for which is taking place today from eight a.m. to five p.m., eastern standard time, Early reports from the polls indi- cated the electors were taking ad- vantage of fine weather, , Sr ---------------------- MUST BE GARDENERS Iron Mountain, Mich., Aug.24. --The edict that family men em- ployed by the Ford Motor Com- pany will either have to go in for gardening or give up their jobs, has been issued by Henry Ford, Detroit' automobile manu- facturer, These plans, which he said were for alleviating temporary business depression, should bene- fit the people far more than un. employment insurance, he con- tended. Those without land will be provided with gardening tracts and unexperienced gardeners will be given instruction. Br the , how- ever, say that for a little time vet he must not take any active part in politics. In Toronto, before leaving for the North, Mr. Hepburn visited The Ontario Liberal Association offices looking after _correspon- dence and meeti y of the Liber RT. HON RAMSAY MACDONALD The resignation of Mr. MacDonald as Prime Minister in the Second British Labor Administration has been accepted by The King but he will head a small, temporary Cabinet in order to avert a financial crisis. Leaders of the Liberal and Conservative Parties will be numbered among his new ministers. 10UISE BLANCHE oWH The death of Louise Blany, Lowes, daughter of Mr. and Mr Frederick W, Lowes, 52 Spark hall Avenue, Toronto, occurred very suddenly at St. Michael's Hospital at noon on Saturday Miss Lowes, who owned apd op erated the DeLuxe Beauty Par lcurs here, was well known If Oshawa and was a very success 1 young business woman, A me of her death she was {| fanty-seventh year. He buted to poisoning V ttl Wil REPRESENT LOCAL CHAMBER Geo. C. Allchin and E. Kay Are Delegates 'to Convention George C. Allchin, president of the George C. Allchin Co, d., and Ernest Kay of the CdTew Lumber Co., hiive been appointed | to represent the Oshawa Cham- ber of Commerce at the annual convention of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce to be held at Regina, Saskatchewan, on September 7, 8, 9, and 10. An outstanding feature of the convention this year will be a tour of the rapidly developing mining district of Northern Mani- toba and Northern Saskatchewan while the delegates will also take a pre-convention trip to Church- ill, Canada's new Hudson Bay port. In an attractive folder is- sued by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, the.itinerary of the tour is described in a fas- cinating manner, verbal and photographic pictures being com- bined to give a clear idea of the many interesting and amazing things which the delegates will see in this little known part of Canada. The delegates from Oshawa are to join the main party in To- ronto next Friday morning and will leave Toronto for the west that day. The trip out will be made on the C.P.R. and C.N.R. lines, while the return trip will include a voyage by C.P.R. steam- er from Fort William to Port MaeNichol. Although officially appointed by the local Chamber of Com- merce, neither delegate knows at the .present time whether he will be able to make the trip, MONTREAL HAVE ENGLISH MAYOR? If Houde Is Premier Such a Thing May Happen Montreal, Aug. 24.--To-day the electorate of the province of Quebec decide whether or not WANT US TO KNOW Mayor Camillien Houde of Mont- real will be Premier of Quebec. MISSISSIPP Publicity Train to Vist Oshawa on Sept. 4 The "Know -Mississippl Better Train" which on Thursday will start on its seventh annual tour of the United States and Canada, will stop in Oshawa on the morn- ing of Friday, September 4, ac- cording to information received by The Times to-day from Dennis Murphree, general chairman, This tour is designed to seek a better understanding between the people of Mississippi and other States and Provinces. Those in charge of the tour want every- body to know Mississippi better, to gain a more accurate concep- tion of the State's agricultural, mineral and industrial resources and of the conditions which tend toward health and happiness there. Aed the men and women who take part in the tour, includ- ing teachers, professional men, merchants, manufacturers and artisans do so to learn first hand about the accomplishemnts and the doings of their neighbors. Montreal, which is the first stop for the train on this side of the border, is to be reached at 6.15 a.m. on Wednesday morning, Sep- tember 3. + At 12.15 p.m. the train leaves for Ottawa arriving there at 3.20 pam. The afternoon and evening .is to be spent in the capital city and at 2.30 a.m. on the following morning the train will leave for the west, via C.P.R., arriving in Bowmanville at 8.30 am. An hour and a half is to be spent in the Durham county town after which the tour will proceed to Oshawa arriving at the C.P.R. station here at 10.15 a.m. According to the tour schedule, the "Know Misgissippi Better Train" will remain here for an hour and a half. The visitors will probably be welcomed by Ma- yor Marks, members of the city council and others. If he is elected he must by law, retire from the chief magistrate of Montreal. In this connection the Gazette to-day says it is learned that the Houde-Bray administration of the city, which represents the major- ity of the alderman, would sup- port Alderman W, S. Weldon, representative of St. George's Ward in the city council, as the successor to the present mayor. It is 20 years since Montreal has had an English-Canadian as mayor. Prior to 1910, English and French used to alternate, City Cannot Welcome Countess Jellicoe (By Canadian Press) Ottawa, Aug, 24.--Owing to the illness of her daughter, Lady Gwendolyn, the Countess of Jelli- coe will not accompany Admiral of the Fleet Earl Jellicoe on his visits to Ottawa and Oshawa, it was made known here last night. It is hoped Lady Gwendolyn will be well enough by Friday to allow the countess to join her husband in Toronto. Mrs. A. F. Home, wife of Brig. Gen. A, F. Home, honorary treas- urer of the British Empire Ser- vice League, will receive guests at official functions at Ottawa and Oshawa as representative of the countess. Montreal, Aug. 24. -- Lady Cwendolyn Jellicoe, daughter of Admiral of the Fleet Earl Jelli- coe, is a patient in the Ross Mem« orial Pavilion of the Royal Vic- toria Hospital, here. She is suf- fering from an attack of gastritis, which developed at sea, and was taken to hospital hy Countess Jel- licoe upon arrival here Saturday night. Lady Gwendolyn is being attended hy Dr. Edward Archi- bald. It was announced last night she had spent 4 fairly comfort. WELL-KNOWN NAN Albert O. Hogg Stricken by Death on Sunday Stricken suddenly in hig home at Sturgeon Point; early on Sun- day morning, with heart disease, Albert O, Hogg, of Hogg & Lytle, grain merchants with national connections, died early last night, Mr. Hogg's sudden death followed an illness of some duration which compelled his physicians last win- ter to order him to Florida for his health and then to his summer home. Since 1910, the firm of which deceased wag president, has oper- ated an office, warehouse and ele- vator on Church Street in this city. The late Mr. Hogg made frequent trips to Oshawa in con- nection with his business and was well known here. Exertion while fishing on Sat- urday in Sturgeon Lake nearby may have contributed to Mr. Hogg's death. While fishing he caught a large lunge, which made off with pole and line after a struggle. Mr. Hogg spent some ime in an attempt at locating his ackle, and when he returned to ils home. complained that he was not well. On Sunday morning a physician was summoned from Fenelon Falls, who returned later in the day and found his patient much improved. In the early evening, however, another seizure occurred, and in spite of medical assistance he passed away, Mrs. Hogg was with her husband at the time. As an Independent Liberal and an outstanding prohibitionist, Mr. Hogg took an active interest in public affairs. He was a President of the Toronto Board of Trade for 1923, and became a member of the Board of Harbor Commissioners, appointed by the Federal Government on the nom- ination of the Board of Trade, in 1924, serving a three-year term, after which his place was tdken by J. E. Ganong, now Chairman ot the board. Mr, Hogg was ap- pointed by the Drury Govern- ment 2s a member of the Commit. tee on the Price of Farm Pro- ducts, Born In York Mills. Born in York Mills, he was 69 years old. He received a public school education, after which he GRAIN MERCHANT DIES. ALBERT 0. HOGG, went to work for the Barker Manufacturing Company, Toron- to, as a bookkeeper. He remain. ed with this company' for three years, and then went to Qakwood to open a general store under the name of Hogg Brothers. In 1902 he became general manager of the grain and produce firm of Hogg & Lytle, then its President, after which he moved its head- quarters to Toronto in 1909. He was also President of Bowes Com- pany. Mr. Hogg was keenly interest in the problems confronting ru- ral Ontario, He served the Town ship of Mariposa as Treasurer for some years. His knowledge of rural conditions and the outlook of the farmer caused! Hon. E. C. Drury, former Premier of Ontar- io, to make him a member of the Advisory Committee on the price of farm products. He was a Lib- eral in politics, and a prohibition ist. He was a member of the West Victoria Board of .License Commissioners appointed under the Ross Government. He was an active supporter of the Ontar- fo Branch of the Dominion Alli- ance, contributing liberally to its campaigns. Mr. Hogg was a member of the Empire and National Clubs. He belonged to the Masonic Order and the Independent Order of Foresters. His recreations were motoring and boating, He was also an ardent fisherman. In addition to his wife, two sons and & daughter survive hint. One son, Harold, is connected with the company which' his fath- er founded, while his daughter is Mrs. Murray Gordon, wife of Dr. N said. RESIGNATION WAS EXPECTED Well Informed Circles Ex- pected Formation of Coalition London, Aug. 24.--A late edi- tion of the Labor newspaper Daily Herald said that "the Cabi- net will resign today." "All attempts to a secure united policy on the proposal to reduce unemployment benefits have failed," the Daily Herald "It is expected that the King will invite Stanley Baldwin to form a cabinet." The Daily Herald said the Gov- ernment's position was due to "acute divisions" on the pro- posal to reduce unemployment benefits by 10 per cent. Eight Cabinet ministers resolutely op- posed the reduction despite '"'out- side pressure." A national government in which all three of the. principal British parties will be represent- ed seems a possible outcome of the political crisis after a hectic day of conferences, alarms and semi-sensations yesterday, The MacDonald Government has not resigned, but it was be- iijeved early this morning in the vest informed circles that its resignation is In contemplation. Lobby correspondents in close touch with developments say' the formation of a national govern- ment was discuss by leaders of the three parties after the Cabi- net meeting broke up at 10 Downing Streef late last night. Party Leaders Confer The Sunday meeting of the Cabinet was followed by a cou- ference between Labcr, Conser- vative and Liberal leaders, who assembled after Prime (Minister Ramsay MacDonald made. a hur- ried visit to the King at 10 p. m., and spoke with His Majesty for 20 minutes. The three-party conference did not conclude until shortly after midnight, and it was declared then that no statement would be issued until tomorrow. Sir Josiah Stamp, noted econ- omist, and two companions be- lieved to be financial experts, were called in to Downing Street earlier in the evening. Sir Josiah did not leave until after midnight and his visit, it was assumed, had to do with new. taxation meas- ures which the Prime Minister was believed to have incorporated in new proposals for the solution of the budget deficit of about $600,000,000., J Reports that the Prime Minis- ter encountered strong opposition within the Cabinet to his econ- omy proposals came with consid- erable weight of authority. Best informed commentators said they could find nothing inherently jm- probable in the suggestion the Prime Minister was turning to the notion of a national govern- ment and that this was the sub- ject of the three-party talks at midnight, --_-- "Only a nation which has confis dence in itself can succeed."--Chan- cellor Bruening. TOTAL IS 2,312, MORE TO COME Registration of Unemploy- ed Will Still Continue This Week A total of 2,312 jobless men had registered at the local govern- ment employment office when the office closed at noon Saturday. Un. employed men were still filing in- to the office to add their names to the rapidly growing list when the office closed its doors after one of the busiest weeks in its history. The task accomplished by Major George Hamilton and his two as- sistants, in taking down the names of these jobless. men, to- gether with the other particulars required by the government, was altogether a big one. Registration of East Whitby township's unemployed is also be ing undertaken ment office here and Major Hamil- ton stated to-day that 175 town- ship men had handed in their names. Names of township un- employed will be accepted up un- til Saturday. Although registration of local unemployed men was scheduled to be concluded on Saturday, names will still be received at the Government Employment Office up until the end of the week, Mayor Marks and Ald. P. A, Mac- Donald, chairman of the finance ably day." » Gordon, TO FORM UNION at the employ- Second British Labor Ad- ministration Ended With Government's Resigna- nation Today in the Face of National Financ- ial Crisis THREE BIG PARTIES TO BE REPRESENTED Will Only Be Temporary Measure for a Few Months While Budget Is Balanced--General Elec- tion to Follow to Clear Up Political Situation (By Canadian Press) London, Aug. 24 -- Rt. Hon. J. Ramsay MacDonald's Labor Gov- ernment resigned today in the race of the national finance crisis and Mr, MacDonald was asked by the King to form a temporary National Non-party Government whose first duty will be to balance the budget, It will include Conservatives and Liberals. Rt. Hon. Stanley Baldwin, Con- servative Leader and Liberals who have taken over the active manage- ment of their party during the ul- ness of Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George were asked to Buckingham Palace in the presence of the King to participate in a cabinet in which Mr, Baldwin will serve under Mr, MacDonald. Balancing of the budget will be the task of the National Government and it is not expected to last more than a few months during which ec- onomy bills will be rushed through the House of Commons. There probably will be a special session of parliament and after the nation's finances are straightened out there will doubtlessly be a gen~ eral election and the political situa tion will be clarified, The Labor Government came in- to office on June 9,929, and for nearly two and a halt years strug- gled with national and world prob- lems whose gravity was increased by the general economic depression. The present crisis developed with the report by the Government Ec- onomy Committee cailing attention to the urgent necessity of balancing the budget in face of threatened de- ficit of six hundred million dollars. For two weeks the cabinet has been in emergency session debat- ing measures which would wipe out that deficit but the opposition took measures which, it evolved, culmin- ated inits resignation, The Trades Union Crogress, the back-bone of the labor movement, interposed ob- jections and there developed a split in the cabinet, A Small Cabinet In the new Government, which probably will not hold office beyond next January, ministers of the re- tiring cabinet who supported the Prime Minister probably will have portfolios. Those who opposed him may fight the program of the Na- tional Government in Pariiament but from present indications they are not likely to have much change of success. Mr. MacDonald's plan is believed to be the formation of a small cab- inet of twelve or fourteen ministers instead. of the usual score. The re- tiring Labor Cabinet had twenty one members, "I shall be in the new govern- ment," said Rt. Hon. J, H, Thom- as Secretary for Dominions, as he left Mr. MacDonald's office, Rt. Hon. Philip Snowden, Chancellor of the Exchequer also seemed cer- tain to remamn and there probably will be a half dozen others of the Lalor block in the emergency cab- inet, Mr. MacDonald was scheduled to visit the King again this afternoon, and His Majesty was also to receive the leaders of the former opposition. LE II I THRIVING TWINS Twin cucumbers, for all the world like a couple of disabled submarines held together for comfort and safety, are (or is) the la- test curiosity brought to The Times' office, this time. from the Spencer Brothers' farm in Reach Township, near Port Per- ry. The two cucumbers are of good size, shape, and colour, their flavour will not be known until the writer of this article gets home to supper. They are firmiy embedded one in the other for a consider- able portion of their length and also through- out the length of the stork, . and the exhibit is one of the most curious to have been mentioned by The Times' "Star Boarder' this summer. committee, stated to-day BEE REEDED EE ER ERLE ERE E RENEE E LEA EES EE EEE EE EERE EE ER a LA LL EE EE