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| H for this purpose. When space per- .seedling has room to grow to its THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1931 PAGE SEV ANNUAL FLOWERS FOR OUT- DOOR SOWING (Experimental Farm Notes) Annual flowers are very useful in any garden. In the new one they can be used freely so as to have abun- dance of bloom the first season while the more permanent plants are growing. In an established gar- den they are needed to fill up bare spaces left by the early-flowering bulbs, and varieties that bloom late on in the summer should be chosen mits, rows can be grown in the veg- etable garden so as to provide flow. ers for cutting without taking them from the borders. The seeds can be sown in speci- ally prepared beds and transplanted into their permanent quarters, or they can be sown where they are to bloom. The beds should be made in a well-drained situation and the ground should be well dug and rak. ed and the surface soll made fine, Shallow drills about six inches apart should be drawn across the bed and the seeds sown thinly in these, Very fine seeds, like poppies, need only a sprinkling of fine soil over them, but large seeds like sunflowers should be covered with ono-half to one inch of soil, according to their size. The soil should he pressed down gently after covering the sued. If. the seedlings are not too thick they can be left in the seed-bed un- til large enough to plant out in their permanent position. It is, how- ever, desirable in many cases to transplant the seedlings once into rows before putting them into the flower beds. For anyone who has not time to transplant the seedlings and for the plants which resent in- terference after starting into grows. th, the seed can be sown in the borders. Be sure to sow very thin- ly and thin out severely so that each full size. There are a large number of varieties of annuals that can be sown outdoors but the 12 mention- ed here are amongst the easiest to grow. Alyssum is a dwarf growing plant suitable for edgings. It makes a neat border covered with clusters of small white flowers, In August, when it is beginning to look untidy, the tops should be cut off with shears and in a few days it will be full of bloom again and will keep in goods condition until severe frost. Sow where it has to bloom. Calendula, The Pot Marigold, has medium-sized, double dajay-like flowers in shades of yellow and orange. Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) is easily grown from seed and will thrive in quite poor soil. Thére are single and double varities in vari- ous shades of blue, pink and white. Sow where it has to bloom. Dimorphotheca is a dwarf plant with brilllant coloured. dalsy-like flowers in shades of lemon, yellow and orange. Larkspur can now be obtained in many shades of pink, rose, laven- der, purple and white. It grows from one to two feet and the long flower spikes are useful for cutting. Linaria resembles a small snap- dragon and comes in various colors. Mignonette is not very brilliant in colour but the fragrance is so delightful it should be in every garden. Sow where it has to bloom. Nasturtium is too well known to need any description. Sow where it has to bloom. Phlox Drummondii has a strag- gling habit of growth, It is very floriferous and blooms until severe frost. It can be obtained in many the varieties of Papaver somnifer- um, such as the Peony-flowered and The Mikado. Sow where it has to bloom, Sweet Peas do best when the ground has been prepared in the fall, but if this was not done, dig the ground well and mix in some hone meal and superphosphate be- fore sowing the seods, They are useful for making screens and grow. ing up, fences, or they can be train- ed into pyramids in the flower bor- der. Sow where it has to bloom. Sunflowers are one of the casiest annuals to grow from seed sown 'in the position where they have to bloom, There are a great number of kinds, varying in height and size of flower, BARLEY A AS A POULTRY, FEED (Experimental Farms Note) The extremely low prices ob- tainable for Canadian = grown grains has brought the question of their use in poultry rations to the fore, Under average conditions where low prices prevail for these grains they may be marketed to much greater advantage through the medium of poultry products. Ordinarily wheat and oats and their by-products nmke up the greatest percentage, of poultry ra- tions, The remainder consists of animal and mineral feeds, vitamin feeds and corn and corn products. Obviously, then, the greatest save ing may be attained by substitu- tion of a Canadian grown grain for the corn and corn products. The present relatively high price of corn serves to accentuate the desirability of such substitution, A study of the comparative analysis both total and dsgastible, of barley and corn shows the former to be the equal to if not slightly the superior of the latter in feeding value. In only one re- gpect is barley markedly inferior to corn namely, in that it contains no vitamin, A while corn is a good source of this vitamin, In so far as poultry is concerned a severe lack of this vitamin has a tendency to slow up growth in the Young and to cause a deficiency disease known as ophthalmia (an eye dis- ease) not uncommon to poultry. Fortunately the deficiency of bar- ley in this vitamin is easily over- come by the use of cod liver oll, which is an excellent source of the vitamin, and which is an ingredi- ent of most poultry mashes at the present time. Additional vitamin A may be supplied by feeding fresh cut greenfeeds, particularly alfalfa and clover, good quality alfalfa hay or alfalfa meal (leaves and blossoms). A purely physical characteris- tic of barley, namely, palatability, works against its value in so far as poultry are concerned, It is generally fed ground in the mash for this reason since it fs then readily palatable, When used in grain mixtures, and particularly if hopper fed, the birds soon de- velop a taste for it, however, Con- trary to general opinion barley is not particularly high in fibre, as are oats for instance, A pamphlet. dealing with this subject in detail is available free on written request to the Publica- tions 'Branch, Department of Ag- riculture, Oftawa,--for poultry, pamphlet 128, New Series; for livestock, pamphlet 127, New Series. H. 8. Gutteridge, shades of pink, purple, chamois and white. Poppy--There are the Shirleys | with their beautiful silky petals in | shades of red, pink and salmon and CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS TIMETABLE CHANGES Important changes in train schedules will be made on Sunday, April 26th. Full information now in hands of Agents. 7.18 Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. ROCK GARDENS The secret of successful rock gardening is informality. We must continually guard against any awkward grouping of either stones or planting material. The rock garden is usually built in to the side of a slope where it leads away from the regular flower garden or from trees and lawn. Irregular shaped stones are the best to use, These should be planted firmly to about . two-thirds their depth to avoid heaving by frost.and the pockets of soil in between shonld lead back to the ceutre of the mound so that moisture will .not be cut off nor root development curtailed. Good drainage is es- sential. Practically all seedsmen list suitable material for these 1it- tle mountain ranges, Lut while "| PAT iv = NORE a -- Tl - b= J Tb [v4 | 0 ZG ) Travel The King's Highway CHANGE OF TIME TABLE EFFECTIVE SUNDAY, APRIL 26th, 1931 Sunday, Apri il 26th, new time tables Commencing will be in effect on all Gray Coach Lines routes. OSHAWA-TORONTO Effective April 25th, LEAVE OSHAWA AM, PM, astern Standard LEAVE TORONTO AM, PM, Time a630 7.30 1.30 a~Dally except Sunday, b--Saturday, Sunday and Holidays only, d~Sundsy only, Copies of the new time tables will be available at all offices and agencies on an 23rd. d after Thursday, April GRAY COACH LINES Genosha Hotel OSHAWA Phone 2825 barley in live stock feeding, write the Publications Branch, Departs ment of Agriculture, Ottawa, for Pamphlet No. 127, "The Greater Uue of Barley in Live Stock Feeding and Pamphlet No. 128, "Canadian Grown Graing in Pountry Feeding: | FEEDING HOGS "Of all the problems of the swiie grower perhaps the devising of suitable rations is the most difti- cult," states E. B. I'raser, BSA, M.S., animal husbandry oxpert with RED ROSE TEA 241 2 CWOCE Bonn nse Ric | there are literally thousands of Alpine plants from all parts of the world the number that are proving hardy in Canada is strictly limited. The following varieties are rec- ommended: the three best Phloxes (obtainable in plants only) are: Subulata in white, pink and lilac; Amoena, pink and divaricate in white and pale lavender blue; Vi- olas may be secured in many pleas- ing colors, there are two Primu- las, the alpinus, a white and the alpinus roseus, a pink. Other plants include Alyssum saxatile compac- tum (yellow); Aubretia, (var- fous); Armeria, (rose and white) Calamintha aplina (purple); Cam- panula carpatica, (blue and white); Cerastium tomentosum (grayish follage with white flow- ers); Cheiranthus allioni, Dbien- nial (orange); Dianthus deltoides (rose pink); Gypsophila repens (white); Hellanthemum mutabile (various); Iberis semper-virens (white); Linaria alpina (blue); Papaver alpinum (mixed, var- fous) ; Saponaria ocymoides (rose); Saxifraga hybrids (var- fous); 'Silene schafta (rosy-nur- ple); Tunica saxifrage .(pin%); Veronica prostrata (blue); Ly- chnis alpina (bright rose). GROWING PLANTS INDOORS The plants which are being started from seeds in shallow boxes indoors or in the hotbed will now require some attention. it the second set of leaves have develop- ed it is time to transplant. This operation not only gives the ne- cessary additional room, but makes the plant sturdier and encourages root growth. All normal bedding plants, such as Tomatoes, Toad Lettuce, Celery, Cabbage, Fagg Plants and others among the veg- etahles and such things as Cosmos, Zinnias and Petunias among the flowers are treated in this way. Allow at least an {inch between plants, water well at the time of moving and a little commercial fertilizer high in nitrogen, dissolv- ed in water, and applied carofully will help at this time. About all that can be placed on a twenty-five cent piece and dissolved in a quert of water is sufficient lor about every square foot. One should be careful that this does not hurn tire plants and it is well to wash off with a little water after the ap- plication. If the plants are being grown in small boxes on the win- dow sill, the sames hould be chang- ed around occasionally so as Lo distribute the light evenly. PLANT SHRUBS SOON The earlier trees, shrubs, rose bushes, climbers and such things are planted, the better, This also applies to herbaceous pereunials. Just as soon as one can dig the soil is the best time to get these things in as there is theu plenty of moisture in the ground and in this plentiful supply of moisture is the secret of successful transplanting. FIRST PLANTINGS In some parts of Canadz the first plantings can now be made. In the small vegetable garden fit is advisable to run the rows North and South so that thers will be an even distribution of !ght. And these can be placed as close as twelve inches apart, in the case of small vegetables, such as Carrots, Lettuce and Spinach, and about eighteen inches for taller stuff like Tomatoes and Corn, and the vines like Melons and Cucumbers. It is good economy to alternate the rows of early and late vegetables. Spinach and Lettuce are planted between Beans, Carrots, Corn and the late things, which do not re- quire full room until the first named are out of the way. 'I'he leafy vegetables such as Spinach and Lettuce, as well as the Radish and early Peas, go in first. These are followed by the second plant- ing of the first named and also the first of the Beets, Carrots, the main planting of Peas, and pos- sibly some Beans and Corn, ten days to a fortnight later. An ap- plication of some quickly available Nitrate fertilizer, a scant handful to about every fifteen feet of row at the time of planting, is advis- able. This is best applied dissoiv- od in a gallon of water, and in any case commercial fertilizer should not he allowed to come !n contact with the seed but should be placed an inch or two below or to one side of it. Among the flowers those which usually seed themselves such as Cosmos and Calendulas can be planted just as soon as the ground {is ready, and this is also the proper time to get in Sweet Peas. Indeed, to be sat- isfactory, Sweet Peas must be planted early and they do best in deep, open soil containing plenty of rotted vegetable material into which they send down their roots deeply in order to remain cool dur- ing the warm weather, BEST STREET AND ROADSIDE TREES By J. 15. Spencer, 8.8.A., Director Ontario Horticultural AssOciation. There are few towns and cities in which the street trees do not pre- sent a poor appearance, and except in comparatively few instances are the conditions of the street trees improving. Roadside frees, even where they have been systematica!- ly ring are frequently no less prom "10 The atfort that is belps made' to beautify localities, and in this, way have a share in the "Beautify, Canada' campaign now in progress, the proper planting of trees will have a marked effect. 1f the plant- ing is done in a haphazard manner or without regard to suitable spac- ing, an opportunity for beautitica- tion that will continue to improve for many years to come, will have been lost. No less authority than! Mr. H. M. Howitt, the author of] "Beautifying the Home Grounds of | Canada" sets down five easily com- préehended rules that it followed | will bring fine results: Try for uniformity in the street or highway and conform to the practice on your particular street. If there is a central authority, con- sult him as to what to plant, and the distances apart, rather than plant independently on or in front of your own lot, This form of plant- | ing should be the work of a central body. Especlally avoid close plant- ing. Authorities agree that 40 feet should be the minimum for such trees as the maple, and 50 feet for the elm in towns and cities and greater distances along country roads, Trees at these distances make a beautiful street and do not when mature, overshade lawns, shrubs and flower beds. Plant carefully and give extra at. tention to the prepargtion and fer- tilization of the soil. Trees in park- ing spaces and side walks are par- ticularly dependent on this prepara- tion for a good start. Protection is absolutely essential, as the small boy cannot resist the temptation on the newly planted tree. Cars and animals are bound to injure the bark and even the lawn-mower may accidentally dam- age the tree and all will retard {its growth, besides proving unsightly. Unless the wounds are treated the tree is very often killed by the entry of decay fungi and final rotting of the wood, Of course staking is ab- solutely essential and will help but the provision of a boxing as well of fron or wood will ensure success. Watering the newly planted trees in dry weather is very essential as they are subject to a limited supply of moisture. Sprinkling will prove inadequate and a good soaking at intervals is best so that the water will soak well into the ground where it is needed. For this reason it is advisable to mound up, about 4-6 inches, a large circle forming a basin about the trunk extending to the circumference of the roots. This can be filled with water until one Is satisfied that a thorough amount has penetrated to the roots, Street trees, to allow for the average traffic, must be pruned quite high. Nine fect at least to the lowest branch is none too high, Quite frequently as the trees be- come old, they should be carefully pruned out of the way of traftic, BARL EY BACON AND BEEF (K xperime ntal arm Note) During the past few years, the production of barley in Canada has increased enormously, while at the same time export demand has fal- len off almost completely, The suita- bility of this crop to a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, its freedom from disease and pests (for the corn borer it has no fears), to- gether with its heavy yielding quali- ties, have combined to make it a desirable crop to grow in Canada, Just as corn is a desirable erop to grow in certain sections of the Uni- ted States. One difference is that whereas the United States corn belt is limited in area, the barley belt in Canada known no bounds, congequently we may confidently expect to have "barley to burn' for a few years to come. This is a heart ening prospect if for no other rea- gon than to demonstrate to Cana- dian feeders that we do not have to depend on Argentine and American corn. With no export demand for bar- ley in its raw state, the situation would be a sorry one indeed were it not that we have in Canada the facilities for manufacturing this crop into two very staple commodi- ties, namely, bacon and beef, come modities that are in demand both at home and on the export market had we an exportable surpluge, It 1s true that these commodities are not bringing the high prices that they once did when the market value of barley is compared to the price that can be obtained for it by feeding it to hogs und beef cattle, it will be seen that the feeding of barley to hogs and beef cattle is a profitable way out. It is a fortunate fact that bariey is admirably suited to these two classes of stock, As a hog feed, it may be used in limited quantities in the growing ration and up Yo at least 50 per cent in the fattening ration, with the assurance that ijt will develop an entirely satisfactory class of bacon which is something that cannot be said with the same degree of assurance concerning the feeding of corn in similar quanti- ties. As a feed for beef cattle, bar- ley is undoubtedly the best of onr Canadian grown coarse grainy, Pro- | perly balanced by cheap, home- | grown leguminous roughages, bar- | ley ean be used in almost apy pro- | portion of the grain ration up to 100 per cent. with excellent results. | It is not too much to expect that the increased use of barley and other coarse grains, while at their present low price level, will make for a much better quality of beef being marketed, which in turn will help to create a demand for more beef | {for the future, Fog {urther noiss op Lhe use of | the Dominion Department of / Agri "The characteristics Jgraing and he general mnalyses of {ing from the carve of breeding stoe kk {the Director of Dominion Experis | Bi: wk Beanty, | them are kaowe | In no gener al way, {or at least are culture. but the problem of combining these graing most advantageously is the unsolved mystery." | mer 'in meeting this problem sue- cbssfully and to get the greatest possible benefit' out of hog produc. tion, the federal Department of Ag- vieulture has prepared for free diss tribution a pamphlet on economic (pork production. This pamphlet not only determines suitable rations for use under both eastern and western conditiong, but it algp deals fully with the complete problem of feed- {to the finished selected bacon type! hog. With a view to assisting the fare] Entirely free from involved techs nicalities this new pamphlet is at ohce.a practical and useful guido to | assist farmers throughout Canada to reap to the fullest the benefits | | which will come to those taking ad. | vantage of the Brood Sow Polley, introduced under the direction of the Hon. Robert Weir, Minister of | Agriculture, durlng the last few { months, CANADIAN BGG PLANT An egg plant which promi | uch of value to Canadians is re- | ferred to in the annual report of mental Farms. As the result of lon ® | I continued studies the Dominion ! Horticulturist makes the following observation: \ Japanese egg plant called N&¥ with fruit too small for th having proved th gasaki, general market, lonly egg plant that would produe a satisfactory crop in many paw of Canada owing to its earlinesi wis crossed with the Black Beautyy Loi of the large but rather late yap |feties, with the result that an plant of good size was produc much earlier than Experimental 'we in this connection is now heing o® which is trad upon gotting the type fixed With household aids such as these the drudgery is gone from the seasonal brightening up of the home. As National Head: quarters for household supplies, A&P offers you a complete line of soaps, cleaners and atcessories at the lowest prices in years. FROM THE FINEST DAIRYLANDS BUTTEI w OUR OWN SILVERBROOK CREAMERY SUNNYFIELD PASTEURIZED I. 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"hut - A&P QUALITY BEEF ROASTS Prime Rib ». 20 Shoulder BRISKET, 'for Boiling ......... Ib. Tc -- Scotch ib. 34 essntaverss 10a 300 By eis 1b, 12% Sentch Dutuent Tudding, Iv. tie OX TONGUE Siro 1b. 396 BACON Plece Oatmeal 1b, fhe the w.21e Sliced............Ib, 23¢ 4; v ATLANTIC 4 & PACIFIC TEA Co. TRE A 29 King St. W,---Grocery Manager--G. Newsome. Meat Manager--D her. Phone 2643, 29 Simcoe 8.--~Gr ocery Manag . Meat Manager--H, F, Ashbury--Phone 3170, WE DELIVER--EXTRA CHARGE, 15¢ 4 ool Sa a a ae FLL CHR - SEASONAL HINTS FOR THE AMATEUR HORTICULTURALISTH Say" Red Rose Orange hoe"