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PAGE TWELVE LAST OF THE CZARS AND HIS TRAGEDY Honest Monarch Whe Trusted the Wrong Advisers There are few great words more often misapplied than tragedy and tragic, and I am afraid that news- papers must bear a large share of the responsibility. To the general public any sad and unexpected oc- currence seems to deserve the epi- thet: to be suddenly killed is to meet a "tragic" death, and the most sordid murder or the purest | accident are alike described as , "tragedies." 'Eleven years ago the 'Tsar abdi- cated: it is needless to point out how completely he fulfils the con- ditions of the definition just given; he had been one of the richest men in the world and perhaps the * most powerful; he had-had the lives and happiness of millions of men absolutely in his control; he lived in some of the most magnifi- cent palaces which man has ever built; if ever a man 'stood in high degree" it was the Tsar Nicho- las some fifteen years ago. He was "happy" in the love of a wife and six children whom he adored he was "apparently secure," for the world at large believed that loyalty to the Tsar and to their religion were the two most un- shakable qualiies of the Russian people; on this man there came a "reverse of fortune' so total that in a few years he had lost every- thing that he possessed and he and hig wife and children had been murdered with every circumstance of shame and horror by some hired assassins. Here surely is a perfect example of tragedy as the medieval mind conceived it. But Shakespeare, as has been said, was not content with so ex- ternal a view; to him "no amount of calamity which merely befell a man' could alone provide the sub- stance of the story. 'For him the centre of the tragedy may be said to lie in action issuing from charae- ter, or in character {issuing in action." : Honest and High-Minded Here too we may say that the Tsar's story satisfies the condi- tions; it is not necessary to main- tain that he was always wise or Just or prudent; the heroes of Shakespeare's tragedies were often 'high-m! foolish, cruel and blind; but he had a definite character to which his misfortunes were mainly due, and it was in large measure his virtues which led to his downfall. Whatever may be thought of his statesmanship it can hardly be doubted that he was an honest and ed man, with a very sin. cere religion. When the war began the Tsar took in the most solemn manner possible an oath never to make peace so long as an enemy remain- ed on Russian sei); from that oath he never swerved---and you must remember that he had worked harder for the peace of Europe than any other single person. At first all seemed to go well; he was 'welcomed enthusiastically wherever he went, and the whole country seemed to answer to his call, But soon feelings changed; the Russian armies met with terrible disasters and the Russian charac- ter is very unstable. People be- gan to remind. themselves that the Tsar was an unlucky man. At his coronation there had been an ac- cident and 2,000 peasants had lost their lives; a few weeks later ay a Naval Review a hoat crowded with spectators sank before his eyes; he had longed for a som; four daughters were horn to him and when his son was born he was an invalid; his wife was neurotic; then there were the terrible disas- ters of the Japanese War in which his armies were beaten and his fleets sunk; riots and massacres broke out; his Prime Minister was murdered. He was clearly doom- ed to disaster. There is no doubt that thoughts like these preyed on his. mind. After a year of war he topk the chief command of the Russian armies. His reasons are not clear, Perhaps it was that his wife, un- der the influence of others, was jealous of the Grand Duke Nicho- las; it seems clear that she urged him to the step; "When the throne and the country are in danger the place of a Tsar is at the head of his Army. To leave that place to another is to flout the will of God!" "A Victim Is Needed" But -there may have been other reasons. It is known that one day after hearing Mass he said to his wife and his friends: 'Perhaps a vietim is needed to save Russia hy expiating her sins; I. will he that victim, God's wil] be done!" After that things went from bad to worse. The Tsar was warned but was not wise enough to listen; in fact he resented any attempt to lessen his own responsibilities, and One You make Anthracite Its even Thing is Certain no mistake when you use Coal. burning quality and real heat making power cannot be equalled in any other coal. You doubly insure comfort and sat- isfaction when you use For Quick Service Fhone 91 We sizes. Ask H. M. This Stamp Certifies Genuine Cross Creek from ; HM. FOWLDS & SON OSHAWA LERIGH VALLEY COAL SALES Company LEHIGH VALLI » ANTHRACITE The Coal That Satisfies can make prompt deliveries to all Ask For This Stamp For This 'Stamp Fowlds & Son 81 King. St. West Don Valley Brick, Lime, Wood, Cement, Etc. WATEROUS-MEEK LTD LUMBER CEMENT LIME PARISTONE = HARDWOOD FLOORING "Everything from Foundation to Roof" i DOORS INSULEX | ROOFING + GYROC AMIAITIA LSTIOIND WATEROUS -MEEK LTD. 3 Be a THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 1928 p-- he parted one by ome with the ad- visers who were honest enough to warn him. In March 1917 the revolution came; he was told that he must abdicate, and pted the neces- sity with absolute dignity and calm. But even "tlien misfortune pursued him." The doctors told him that his son could never be strong enough to rule, so, saying that he could not separate himself from his dear son, he resigned in favor of his brother and thereby ruined his dynasty as well as himself. He returned to his palace which was deserted by all his guards and all his personal friends; not a soul was ready to strike a blow for him. Even then he might have escaped, but his children had measles and neither he nor his wife would consent to leave them. They became prisomers, and the watch on them became closer from day to day; he played with his children, worked in the garden and never resented the humiliating re- strictions put on him in his own palace. The Honor of Kings There the curtain falls and fit is perhaps as well that we should not realize all that he and his family went through in the fifteen months that were still to pass be- fore that ghastly day in Siberia when the whole family were massa- cred with every circumstance of horror. I do not suppose that any punishment so terrible has ever befallen any man whose worst crimes were that he loved his fam- fly too much and was not wise enough for the great position to which by his birth he had been called. Shakespeare wrote other trage- 'dies besides those which are usu- ally called by that name, and the real parallel in his writings to the career of the unfortunate Tsar is to be sought in his studies of Kings inadequate to their position, Richard II. and Henry VI., in dif- ferent centuries and for different reasens, found the burden of their high office too heavy for them to bear, and there are few passages in literature more poignant than their confessions of inadequacy. CARTOONISTS GET JOKE ON CHURCHILL London, April 24.--British car- toonists are thankful on the eve of the budget for a comedy which shows Chancellor of the Exchequer Churchill in yet another role. It appears that Mr. Churchill, in chasing a goose on the lake of his country home in Westerham, Kent, --Wolfe's birth place--in a canvas boat, upset in 14 feet of water and had to swim ashore without catch- ing the elusive bird. Naturally the newspapers are re- ferring 40 the goose that laid the golden eggs, and it is expected that the Commons will extract full merriment 'tomorrow from the Chancellor's unhappy adventure, pp---- RENE AUMAIS IS INSANE, ALIENISTS HAVE AGREED Montreal, April 24.--Rene Au- mais, aged 26, who with Raoul Lavasseur is alleged to have at- tempted to hold up Armand Robil- lard, manager of the branch of Banque .Canadienne Nationale on St. Denis street, in the latter's apartment above the back last Au- gust, was declared insane by alien- ists when he appeared for trial be- fore Chief Judge Perreault in the Court of Sessions today. Aumals will not stand trial, and was order- ed sent back to the prison hospl- tal for further observation, Lavasseur was remanded until May 1 for trial. BANQUET TO GUTHRIE SET FOR MAY TENTH Guelph, April 24.--The South Wellington Conservative Associa- tion's complimentary banquet to Hon. Hugh Guthrie which has twice been postponed, will be held in the Guelph Armory on Thursday night, May 10, according to an announce- ment made today. Mr. Guthrie is rapidly recovering from an attack of influenza, and expects to be ful- ly recovered before the big func- tion takes place. It is understood Hon. R. B. Bennett, Conservative Leader, who will be the chief speak- er will take advantage of the oec- casion to make pronouncement of policies, Premier Ferguson and a number of other men, prominent in Provincial and Federal Conserva- tive circles will also speak at the banquet. WADENA JURY'S VERDICT ON TRAIN-AUTO CRASH Saskatoon, Sask., April 24.--The folllowing verdict was returned by the jury at Wadena yesterday, in- quiring into the deaths of B. I. Reilly, School Principal, and his wife and child at Lee's Crossing, near Clair, Sask., on Friday last. "We, the Coroner's jury, find, by the evid that d d, B. IL Reilly Sr., Bernard I. Reilly Jr, and Mrs. B. I. Reilly, came by their deaths by being struck, while in an automobile, by Canadian Na- tiondl train No. 10, on April 20, 1928, about 6.10 p.m., about two and a half miles west of the ham- let of Clair, Sask, which was ac- cidental, and no blame attached to any ome." NOVA SCOTIA MINE MEN CONSIDER WAGE CONTRACTS Glace Bay, N.S. April 24.--The District Executive of the United Mine Workers of America were in conference here today comsidering the new wage contract with the Bri- tish Empire Steel: Corporation and the profit-sharing plan, which was overwhelmingly approved by the miners at a referendum last Thurs- day. No statement was made for publication, but it was stated that side. Th 11,763 "rural NOW NUMBER 50,000 Ottawa, April B--There are nearly 50,000 civil: servants: in' Canada, or, to be exact, 49.837, according to a return brought down in ;the House of Commons at the instance of Col. Cantley, 1LP. for tou. are employed in - Of this total 10,50 Ottawa and 39,333 in the service out- figures are exclusive of postmasters, 12700 mail contractors and 4, stamp vendors. The number is nevertheless smaller than .was the case during the war and for some time afterwards when several thousands extra were em- ployed -in the Militia Department or the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re- Establishment. . SENATE HEARS FACTS | OF LIBERTY BONDS " . i Washington, April 24.<--The elu- sive fourth share of the Continenta Trading Company Liberty bond profits was found today by the Senate Teapot Dome Committee. Robert W. Stewart, Chairman of the Board of the Standard Oil Com- pany of Indiana, testified that he got the bonds and implaced them in trust for future disposition, That disposition was made last Satuday, afted the acquittal of Harry F. Sinclair, who participated in thep rofits, on a charge of con- spiracy to defraud the Government in the Teapot Dome lease. Stewadt sald he called his Board of Di- rectors together, told them all the facts, 'withheld since the Continen- tal deal six years ago, and they decided to turn over the entire amount--759,600--to the Sinclaid Crude Oil Purchasing Company. FREIGHTER HELD BY LAKE ERIE ICE Buffalo, April 24.--The frelghter J. J. O'Hagen, which left Detroit on Sunday with scrap iron for Buf- falo, was located today off the edge of the ice field' a mile off Point Abifio and ten miles up the lake from Buffalo, At dusk tonight she was apparently in the same spot, Marine men believe the southwest- erly wind packed the ice tightly about the O"Hagen. The ice field is deep and solidly packed down. RE-FLOOR WITH SEAMAN-KENT HARDWOOD Hele] dl \[¢ Carpet Getting Threadbare? Why worry? The rem- edy is so simple. Replace it with hardwood! Nothing could be prettier or in better taste . . . « it banishes the sweeping bugbear . . . . it never wears out . . . . and it costs so little! Really, it's well worth investigating. W. J. TRICK CO., LTD. Oshawa THE BEST THAT S MADE IN EVERY GRADE _-- SLOGAN WANTED Brampton, April 24.--Peel Pro- hibition Union is loeking for a suitable and ringing slogan for its educational campaign to be staged this year in Peel County, and is giv- ing a prize to any one between the ages of 16 and 25 who submits the best slogan. Judging by an- swers received by Rev, Norman Mc- Leod, the judges will have a great selection from which to make their choice. MONTREAL SAVES DAYLIGHT Montreal, April 24.--Following receipt of the authorization from the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Coun- cil today Montreal is on advanced time from midnight on Saturday, April 28, to midnight on Saturday, Sept. 29. Headaches vanish with a morning glass of refreshing Abbey's, 5 : 9 ABBEYS ASK FOR THE BLUR AND WHITE PACKAGE The Morning Health Salt 39 a ee a The Carew Lumber Co., Limited. x 74 Athol Street West : LUMBER MERCHANTS aa Estimates gladly given Requirements promptly filled Phones 12 and 1111 Tete eaterte ate atectectertertectenteitoctontectoctectecte corte -- ------ - -- StoBie-ForLonG &© oo oes uni" S. F. EVERSON, Local Private Wire System. 11 King Street East, Oshawa Above C.P.R. Office Phones 143 and 144 I Im a CHEVROLET OWNERS ' Reduce the Hazard of Mechanical Upkeep d i J takes only a few minutes. And it will keep your :ar young forever. Enjoy the Certainty of Guaranteed Repair Work Write Phone or Call Today 900 Factory Trained Tmployees at four Service / Phone ; y J f Oshawa Whitby | ing operations. OVERHAULED CAR NEEDS G00D GARE . FIRST 1000 WEES There are no warning stickers attached to the windshield of the car that comes out of the repair shop after a modified or extensive overhauling. There is no bold typed legend telling the owner that dire effects await forcing the engine and the car up to high speeds. There is nothing evan faintly comparable to the array of familiar warnings usually pasted on the new car's windshield, But, there well might be. Here is a point that is particularly pert- inent at this period when motor- iets are sending mechanics in quest of that efficiency, performance and silence that has disapreared from their cars as vital units have let down under the strain of service. The quest of the mechanics is successful. They bring back those car qualities that became more and more desirable as they gradu- ally disappeared. But, to keep them the second time, the owner must know one extremely import- ant fact, namely, that even more so than in the case of the new car, the performance of the automobile that has been overhaulel depends upon the character of its breaking- in process, Many motorists, however, take Lhe costly position that once a car has heen broken-in, it remains permantly in that condition, replacement of many important units to the contrary. A closer scrutiny of the situation reveals otherwise, according to the ser- vice men who place 25 miles an hour as a reasonable speed for the first 1,000 after the car !s overhauled, New cars must be driven slow- ly for the first 1,000 miles in or- der to overcome, not merely tight. ness as many suppose, but imper- fections in the surfaces of bear- ings, crankshafts, cylinder walls, and 'other units, These imperfec- tions are not visible, If the most sensitive fingers were to attempt to feel them on perhaps the most crudely finished crankshaft, it could not be done, Just the same, the surfaces of these parts have their defects. To get them all out before the car leaves the factory is possible, but it slows up produc- tion and costs more money than the most ardent foeman of **hreak- ing-in"" would consider worth | while, Rightly, the manufacturer whose production must run high to meet demand, puts the issue up to the car-owner after going as far as he reasonably can--much farther, incidentally, than the average car- buyer realizes, For instance, one manufacturer of a car selling in the $1,000 class puts the crankshaft of his product through 50 machin Ten of these are for straightening purposes alone. '| After these 50 operations, however, i| there still js a need for "wearing- in" the erankshaft assembly when the car is placed in service, In the case of the overhauled car, the question is one of making new units fit with old ones, The new part, a bearing, piston ring, piston, or the like is of one shape or design while the crankshait, piston, or cylinder, through wear has changed in form and dimen- sion. A fairly close fit may be achieved by the mechanic but a "perfect" fit is scarcely to be as- sumed. It can be made perfect, however, if not by reaming, rebor- ing or the like, at least by giving it a chance to wear in properly. Rightly done--that is, conduct- ed temperately--it is to be doubt- ed that any more effective method can be devised for making parts fit snugly and precisely. Take one of the most conven- tional forms of overhauling, the job that involves cleaning carbon and grinding valves which very of- ten results in the replacement of the exhaust valves, their guides, and possibly springs. The seats upon which the new valve and spring work are old in the matter of service. The mechanic will do his best to make the two fit pre- cisely but there may remain negli- gible differences in 'dimension and form, These variations are negli- gible, however, oply so long as the owner does not force the enm- gine to work at high speeds until after the new and old units have worn in. An instance, not typical by any means, but which illustrates what can be accomplished by correct "wearing-in" = of mew parts with old is provided in the case of a motorist who had mew pistons, new rings, new valves and several other new units put in his car. The overhaul was an expensive proposition and, when it was fin- ished, he found that the engine pumped oil dangerously at low speeds. He could mot understand why and in a letter to the writer de- clared he had been unable to find anyone among his friends who could explain the cause to him. The trouble, however, was not 30 difficult to diagnose as his let- ter indicated. It was due entirely to the fact that the original over- haul failed to include reboring the ¢ylinder block. As a result, he was trying to make pistons that were - perfectly round function ef- ficiently in cylinders that had worn ovals. At low speeds, there was mo compression' above the pis- ton head to keep the crankcase lubricant from working up through the openings into the combustion chamber. It was different, of the questions considered were in he nature of formalities. The exe- cutive will probably meet again = WOIIow. i i TR TR Te course, at high speeds. the | (Em Sates increase five million a month E ALL QUALITY C1G AR NO COUPONS Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Timothy Seed GOVERNMENT GRADED, NO. 1 Sugar Beets, Mangels, Turnip Seed » Germination Tested. CERTIFIED COBBLER SEED Potatoes From Prince Edward Island Lawn Seed Specially Adapted to Local Soil Garden Seeds in Bulk or Package Fertilizer For Lawn and Garden Cooper-Smith Co. Phone 8 ils 16 Celina St, A O home is without a Water Heater, At the turn of a switch it offers an abundance of boiling hot water for every household need. Dishwashing becomes simpler -- laundry work less of a task--bathing and shaving more pleasant, y up-to-date Hotpoint Electric If lack this modern comfort, it CY padi Ii ong ap wi Electric Water Heater in- any good electrical dealer to ' Ww you the two types --the Immersion and Circulation heaters, ELECTRIC WATER HEATER For Sale by all Good Electrical Dealers hd CANADIAN « LO 35.) 30 29Y B8 33 61 0107) 5 13 { OF