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uarters im' of the Small Flat Increases t| ble' for Many Divorces and Is the Generation, Says Dorothy Dix Thomas Times , Journal Old Maid of" d they why they don't stay mar- ® 'reason why modesty is a ue is because we live in y-four flats instead of .eommodigus houses," she ; Wh does the old-mald crop in- year? Mainly because |® good sound- formed our toilet rites in private. "But now when we are crowded together like sardines in a tin, when the dining table becomes a {bed at night, and we keep our clothes in the sideboard, and we no wonder that we wear as few and as abbreviated garments as possible, and that we comb our hair at the table, and make up our faces between the acts at the the- tre, We no longer have the pri- vacy in which to cultivate the de- fes of life. itl Jin the bosom of her ' 'papa Teading the paper not bY chy away and motaer eaves- on the other side of a ere. * "girls have their hats on when their 'dates arrive and they go out to cabarets and motion pictures in order to have a little private con- versation, because there is no spot home in which they can say a ord that won't be overheard, But ire is nothing about public plac- - inclines a man's thoyghts toward matrimony. "Jase and jokes and restaurant cooking and big bills are no pro- moters of sentiment, All they do is to make a man consider wheth- er a girl is a good dancing partner instead of whether she would be a goed life partner or not. '"Belleve me, tne good old corn- popper at home has lured more men into matrimony than all the sight 'clubs, © For, after all, the thing that leads most men into matrimony is the desire for a Home. And so when you take a- way from a girl the background of home you have robbed her of her chief enchantment, ¢ 1%And, or course, the high cost of loving also militates against matrimony, In the good old days, when a young man could go to gee a girl at her own house and spend thé evening playing cards or nging around the piano. he ecou.d save up more money to get married oi, but now, when he has to take the girl out and give her a good time because there isn't any place to stay except with mother and r.and Aunt Susan apd Uncle len and little sister and brother, it takes so much money that there is nothing left for a wedding ring. "And it is because there are so gew houses to live in that there are so many divorces, Husbands and wives are no longer fireside companions because there are mo more firesides, Oliver Wendell Holmes once sald that you couldn't picture a happy family spending an evening sitting around a hole in the floor, Neither can you im- agine a man hastening home to a kitchenette dinner that has come from the delicatessen, or out of cans and paper bags. "Nor can any two people live in the close confines of a couple of small rooms without getting on each other's nerves. They have no privacy or soul or body, They have no space in which to think their individual thoughts nor to put their individual clothes, or tooth brushes, They are brought into perpetual conflict, and are bound to clash and rub each other the wrong way. "And it is these small apart- ments that are the devil's work- shops for women, The women who live jn them are not interested in them pnd have no pride in them as, they would have fn building '#: real home, because they are mere temporary stopp- Ing places. y expect to move on somewhere. else next year. "The little work there is to do takes only a short time, and this Jeaves the womaniwith hours upon hours in which to brood over un- healthy thoughts and magnify tri- fles into grievances, if she is mood- ily inclinea, or else to range the streets in search of diversion, »If we had the statistics of the wives who go clothes-mad and run their busbands into debt, or who go club crazy, or who get into compromising flirtations with mea they pick up at tea dances or mat- inees, and of the wives who are generally disgruntled and dissatis- fled, we should find that pine- tenths of them are women who live in little apartments and who haven't enough work to do to keep them occupied, and who lack the restraining moral influence of bome life, "This thing of a woman making 8 cup of coffee and cutting an or- snge for her husband for break- fast, and scrapping herself a bit of nch and their going out every night to a restaurant for dinner will demoralize any couple who tries it. "And it is the lack of being reared in a house that is the curse of the younger gemeration. In a - small apartment where there is no pursery, no place where the child- zen can play, their noises and their games drive their elders frantic, * snd they 'are hustled out on the strefit as soon as they are able to - "And there they learn the les- sons of the street, and acquire the mong sas neds of the streets. We used to pity the poor children pfithe slums who were reared on . Now we are all do- that is why so many of families. are wringing in helpless despair ov- dim sons and daugh- the lack of houses shel or t ters. "And it is that is responsible for the lack of medesty among women. When we had individual bedrooms with that could' shut and dock, ns x F or sweeping skirts afd per-"theft than'h "Of course," said my friend in conclusion, "I recognize that it is one thing to point out an evil and quite another pair of sleeves to re- medy it, and while I am convinced that it is the lack of houses that is responsible for the decadence of home life, I confess I don't see how we are to get them in this day of congested cies, and high cost of living. "But if ever I start a reform it is going to be a back-to-houses movement." TIRE LONGEVITY INCREASES WITH CAREFUL DRIVING It Modern Condition Cut Down, But Motorist Can Get Higher Mileage Although the automobile tire has undergone constant improvement, both as to fabric and structure, in recent years, trem ndous changes in driving conditions have greatly decreased the average mileage ob- tained, according to the American Automobile Association, The facts cited by the A. A, A. are based on the records of the em- ergency road service departmen:s of its 9568 motor clubs throughout the United States and Canada. These records show that motorists who formerly obtained from 15,000 to 20,000 miles from tires now secure only from 8,000 to 10,000 miles, The changed driving conditions are summarized as follows: High-powered engines that per- mit greater speed. Increascd traffic, more stops and starts, Improved acceleration, toward tire abuse, i More powerful brakes that grind off treads, Smaller diamefer wheels, neces sitating 'more frequent road con- tact for tires. Improved roads, permitting high- er average speeds, . . The statement continues: "Gregter mileage can be secured from the present day tire. Thoss who maintain tion pressures, who"use judzmen: in starting and stopping, and sho keep the wheels of the car in pro- per alignment Il undoubtedly ob tain satisfactory mileage, In 1928 the driver of every ear will large- ly determiliip his own tire cost. "It is estimated that the aver- age speed on the open road is from ten to fifteen miles an hour high- er than two years ago. At continu- ed high speed, .tire slippage is much greater, due to swerving and axle bounce, resulting from road inequalities, Therefore, it is im- portant for tire users to realize that tire mileage is decreased as the speed is increased, "Steady increase in the number of cars registered has also bad a telling effect and has resulted .n greatly congested streets, |. with a resultant gain in:the number of starts and stops, as signals and trafic lights are obeyed. "Acceleration quickly from a halted or slow-moving position is another evil that greatly affects tire mileage, as it results in the sliding of wheels, Smaller Wheels Used High-powered brakes, such as the four-wheel braké and the vast- improved two-wheel brake, bring a car to 'a stop in such a manner that if the brakes are improperly applied a in coating of rubber is left on the street, "Demand for higher speed with greater safety has brought about lower centres of gravity. This has been accomplished by the use of smaller diameter wheels. Smaller wheels revolve more frequently and the tire thread is brought into con- tact with the pavement more than with larger wheels. The advent of the balloon tire has made proper inflation an item of paramount importance, Under inflation or over inflation of the modern tire has a telling effect in decreasing the mileage." CAN STILL HEAR THEM (Toronto Mail and Empire) The hundreds who were turned away when Rabbi Isserman occu- pled the pulpit of the Cariton Street United Church, end the oth- er hundreds who were turned away when Rev. E. Crossley Hunter preached from the Holy Blossow Synagogue are reminded that om numerous Sundays in the future they can listen to the rabbi at synagogue and the minister in t church. AN "UNTHINKABLE" PROPOSI N TION (Providence Journal) 4 Starting as am "pnthinkable" proposition, the idea of war be- tween this country and England stirs up an astonishing amount of talk, which always seems to stew along to the invariable conclusion that it is an unthinkable proposi- n. Betting on' horse-races does necessitating tending more to . encourage fraud and are forced to dress in public, it is| THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, MARCH IN2 COUNTRIES Great Open - Highway in Marked Contrast to Hedged Road SUPERIOR ROADS England Needs Series of Concrete Speedways Across Country KANSAS CITY, Feb. 25.--Phlilip Hewitt-Myring, leader page editor of the London Daily News Memorial Fellowship, who has served as "ex- change reporter" on the Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle and the Kansas City Stat on his pres- ent tour of this country in the ing terests of better understanding be- tween journalists of the two great English-speaking nations, writing in the Star, says: "A ride of five hours along Un- ited States Highway No. 40 by mo- tor bus to Columbia and the re- turn journey the following day have added to my experience of road trav- el in the United States, and have put me in a position to draw some contrasts between highways and highway traffic in England and in this country "The first impression the visiting Englishman recelves as he speeds along an American main road by stage or private motor is that of openness. "The roads of that garden island that is England are, with the par- tial exception of two or three main arterial routes, shut in, lined with walls or hedges narrow for the most part; winding usually, In America, on the great highways, the ribbon of concrete stretches for miles ahead devoid of blind corners, intersected by cross roads only at intervals that are to be measured in miles, Driving Hazards "In England a man can usually see 100 yards or so ahead of him; and even within that limited field of vision there is likely to debouch on to the main road some coun- try lane, half concealed by hedges, from which may emerge precisely at the wrong moment a farm wag- on or a pony cart, "Driving in England thus de- mands a greater vigilance, a more constant nerve strain, than it does here; and the distance that a man covers in a day and the average rate of speed at which he covers it are In consequence liable to be lower than in America. "A hundred and fifty miles a day represents the' maximum distance that the Englishman can undertake with real comfort; and if he has averaged more than twenty miles an hour over that distance he has done well, On the superb concrete roads in the neighborhood of Los Angeles, at any rate, as well as on such highways as U, 8. N, 40, 200 miles a day is a mere bagatelle; and an | average speed of thirty-five miles an hour can easily be maintained, "Road surface also plays a promg inent part In this state of affairs, {spending and a country that im~ the months of the "World War the irate of .over 000,000 a day been 'in' no- sition these last few yedrs to. 2 struction. Need for "And even had welcome an 'extensive ser) crete 'speedways over th is a thing of beauty. "It is true, of course, that miles of highway he will through some village school children, policemen, cision rested with him, he any more than he would miles an hour. "The concrete speedways, without the silghtest with the industrial is Bt, Louis to Kansas City. High Dnving Standard high, constant practice that driving. In England, well-to-do; for the system extent it has in America. er, ent staggering, ing car owner reflect. again; a car far it is in the United States, driven, the cars one meets on practical business rather pleasure, in the front seat, I should say that in the propor- itionate number of fairly good foads | few miles of highway that can com- | pare with the American concrete thoroughfares, We course, drive cars in England; w Wi po=, - digs burse large sums on highway con- t Beatie: Ido pot know that Englishmen would of con- country. More of them than we have now we certainly need, but, after all, in go compact a land there is not that same necessity for maintaining high road speeds that exists in a coun- try of vast distances. And the typi- cal English road, as it now stands, the motorist in a hurry is apt to curse the fact that at every two or three pass | husbands, in which dogs, farm laborers and all the usual pop- ulation of an overcrowded country will demand a reduction of speed. But on the other hand, if the de- would not see abolished in the interest of increased road efficiency that hud- dle of red roofs around an ivy-cov- ered church that was standing when King, John signed the Magna Charta replace with a level concrete structure that hump-back canal bridge made of stone that was quarried when Eliza. beth was Queen----even though both entall dropping temporarily to ten English road Is generally speaking, as efficient as the plan of the country will allow--save always that we do greatly need a few wide, constructed regard for scenery, that will link up London cities of the north, the great majority of which, incidentally, are nearer London than "The standard of motor driving in America appears to me to be I have not had so much op- portunity of observ.ng it in this dis- triet as I had in Calitornia, but cer, tainly in Los Angeles the car usu- ally seems, like some up-to-date cen~ taur, a part of the driver himself, "This arises, no doubt, from the Americans, and especially Californians, obtain in motoring still a pastime for the reasonably hire-purchase (installment plan) 'has not been developed to anything like the An an- nual motor tax of $6 per horsepow- on top' of all .the other taxa- tion under which England is'at pres- makes the Intend- is and in any case far shorter distances and the very effective railway net- work that covers the country make less of a necessity than "A by-product of these conditions is that the linglish motors are still somewhat of a luxury, and a large proportion of them are chauffeur- The general appearance of the roads is apt to be more spick and span than that of the American machines that are owner driven, and used for than for * A sight, too, that is more rarely met with in my country than here is that of a woman driving a car while her husband sits beside her Many women, of | but | hen a man and a woman are rid- | Fin each country, England Is ahead ing together it is the man who nine | ' i ) recommended infls- of America; but we have only a times out of ten does the driving. | "But an examination of this ques- the tion would take me outside are construc- realms of motoring--and probably 'ting them, but roads cost money, |out of my depth at the same time," CANADA FOR CANADIANS (Editorial in the Montreal Star) His Excellency General struck a popular note when he expressed the hope that within a short time all engineer- ing works in Canada will be financ- ed within the British Empire and executed by Canadian engineers, It is not difficult to point to a dozen large undertakings In the execu- tion of which foreign money and foreign experts are engaged. There | may be, as Lord Willingdon in- dicated, cases in which this Is in- evitable, But such cases should be decreasing in number every year. Canada has engineers as skilied a» those of any other nation. Mone) for any legitimate undertaking can be raised within the Empire if those responsiile for the undertak- ing go about their business in the right way. There is no prejudice intended or implied against any- body. It is economically sound and it is in accord with a far seeing policy. cally leads, growing nation needs seek, Moreover,--and this fis the Governor-that js designed, or that automati- to control is not the 'sort of exploitation any great and or should a point that might be pressed with significant force,~it is a bad pol- icy for Canadians to display dis- trust or lack of confidence in their preference to those countries (own technical experts and give the from other when our own are as good as any and enjoy as high an international standing. The Canadian engineers who built our railways have obviously nothing to learn from those of any other land, The men who accom- plished the construction huge West have ful. reason of the irrigation schemes in the for in- dignation if they are slighted for the benefit of outsiders with no stake in the country. What we need in ever-increasing measure in this Dominion is a fuller meed of confidence in our own people, in There need be no misunderstand: ing on the matter, With New York est reason why it' should not be! their capacity to achieve, in their cases. close at hand, with millions on scientific equipment for their work. millions of Amerlean dollars await-|It may be--it must oe from time ing a profitable investment, the in- to time---necessary to call upon flux of American capital into this outside aid. Canada can affurd to Dominion is as inevitable as the do so without losing any prestige. sun rise. There is not the slight- | But this should only be in essentiai For the rest, Canada for 80. But there are yery good reasons [the Canadians should be the policy why control should be kept secure-!of all who seek the advancement ly in Canadian hands. Exploitation and. prosperity of the land. NO NATION IS POPULAR (From the New York Times) Lady Astor's Lincoln Day speech in London went into 'he percent- ages of patriotism. She is against the 100 per cemters, whether they be English or Americans. Speaking as a strong advocate of a good unders! pg between Great Bri- tain the United States, she found the 100 ver centers on both sides 'of the ocean the greatest obstacle, and declared that tliey ought to be locked up as a public danger. is raises the question "of the "popularity" of one nation among the citizens of another. Lady Astor frankly admitted that Americans, except as profitable tourists, are not very popular anywhere in Eu- rope today. But she neatly turned the point by declaring that, if one stopped to think of it, "England In times past England did not bas never been a very popular jeousitry." 4 hs despised. of many of her public men was that they would rather be disliked than That feeling accounted for frequent displays of bad man- ners not only by British travelers but by British diplomats. walker, THE WAY OF THE WORLD Some toil, while others play; One dies, and one is born: So runs the world away, particularly wish to be, The motto # Some laugh, while others mourn; However, those superior airs are no longer in favor in England, or in any other country. All nations are today most anxious to please The desire for foreign trade would account for that, if nothing else would. Yet England was reproach- ed as being "a nation of shopkeep- ers," long before she began to in- sist that all her representatives and agents abroad should imitate the ingratiating ways of a head floor- ~Samuel Wesley {Wi Husbands Are Failures; They Fail to Learn Their Wives How is it that so many men are successes as Men and failures as Husbands? asks Mauda Croasley, in the London Dally Sketch. She continues: " Why is it that when discussing a husband, one so seldom hears the wife say with rapt delight, "He's perfect!"'? I nave helped to consume boxes of chocolates brought home to their wives by husbands, I have been sprayed with expensive Parisian scent bought by seemingly devoted I have tried on choice hats, the check for which was footed by "hubby." TI have been allowed to trickle round my neck a creamy, de- liciously ,irridescent necklet of pearls invested in by another and more affluent husband. Short of a"diamond tiara, I have belen permitted to view, taste, sniff and try on--and, in cases of checks, merely gaze on--almost eyery al- luring evidence of a husband's devo- tion to his wife. And yet in many an instance, though I should have been glad to be the possessor of the husband's gift, I realized that I ought to be glad not to be .he pos- sessor of the husband. Now, all this sounds very dread- ful, but although I'll admi: that there are some petulant-lipped, stormy-eyed little wives, whom TI would like to slap soundly and de- nounce as 'silly little «illies," I have garnered enough 9rst-hani evidence tn realize why so many husbands are failures, Husbands as a rule do not take the trouble to "learn" thelr wives. A man is a fool who huys a wire- less or a motor car and won't take the trouble to "learn" it. The fin- est wireless or the most superb mo- tor car in the world will not run sweetly unless it has heen "learnt." Yet, how many hushands take the troub'e to "learn" their wives? The most perfect wife In the world has some little intricate men- tal gadget that, if she is to run sweetly, must be "learnt." And why not? All good little wives exnend end- less thought 'learning' the mental gadgets of their husbands The best of men are a wee hit selfish, vain, thoughtless, intolerant, Husbands almost to a man, are intn'erant of argument concerning "differences" of worries or some hurt that they have, however, un- wittingly, caused their wives. Their casual evasion or dismissal of thése noints of argument is exasperating to wives, who, once having zot thelr teeth'into a bone of contention, ean- not endure to leave it after one casnal gnaw, The mind of a woman Is 50 enn- strueted--and rightly so--that if a contenfious question arises her whole- horizon is blotted out until that question is fought to a finish. The husband who calmly eats his breakfast and smilingly chats of other things, while his wife bry over an almost untasted neal and the contentious, unfought-ont *"dif- ference," deserves all that is com- ing to him. She wants this thing thrashed out, and the most expensive and most coveted gift in her 'magina- tion brought home that evening by her husband as oil on the trouble waters will pring no balm to her mind. Then take jealously. Some Lus- bands wi Ingly cause jealously in their wives. We'll leave them out, But most men unwittingly cause jealously for the simple reason that they, being men, will always he flattered, however innocently, by the adulation of women. Ths is the weakest point in the mental ar mour of men. Now, a good and faithful wife, having, or permitting herself, no eyes for other men, cannot endure to see the placid basking of her husband in the sugary attentions of others. She considers that he should be proof against them, short of snub- bing them. But, as long as the earth turns round, this sublime state of affairs can never be. Still, this quite in- nocent and quite natural content- ment at the pleasurable regard of other women wou'd not matter one whit if husbands kept their eyes skinned, so to speak, regarding the "still-attractiveness" of their wives His Three Bad Traits It would be quite different if husbands were less fatuously con- ceited regarding their own "still- dangerous" attraction and more in- clined to feel--at any rate to show ----a little pang of proprietary jeal- ousy. We women want to feel that we are both dangerous and nreclous. Until husbands regard their wives as both dangerous and precious they will continue to be failures. Husbands, domestically speaking, are what wives make them--and vice versa. If every husband started out from the beginning to "learn" his wife the divorce courts would be nearly empty, the matrimonial lawyers would have to learn some other business, marriage would cease to be so much of a gamble and would be the most glorious adventure. There must, of course, he love as the foundation stone. But all husbands should guard against these three bad traits in man's nature: selfishness, easual- ness, and the ridiculously fatuous notion which most men seem to cherish--that the woman they mar- ry is made "safe." This is a humiliating *'compli- ment" we women never can appre- ciate. Husbands, LEARN your wives. The Surplus of Butter (Toronto Globe) Withholding of butter supplies from the export and home markets, in the hope that artificial scarcity will force prices up, is not the true explanation of the increase in the quantity of storage butter in stock on Feb. 1 of more than 110 per cent, as compared with the amount on hand last year, says a reader of The Globe who is in a position to know the facts. Tue surplus 1s due almost entirely to a miscalculation by exporters of the capacity of the British market to absorb last fall at profitable prices the surplus of the Canadian output, In the Dom- inion at large winter production, though increasing, is still far from equalling consumption. To prev- ent excessive winter prices, butter reserved from the period of plenty must be put in storage to tide over the winter shortage. It must, however, be used within the season in which it is produced, because the carrying charges from one sea- son to another would be greater than any possible return from in- creased price, while the deterior- ation in quality might result in serious loss, What has actually happened, we are told, is that the producer ob- tained prices last summer for his butter above what the butter could be sold for on the English open market, practically the onl mark- et open to English butter, There was no time between June, 1927, and the present time when Canadi- an butter could be shipped to Eng- land without loss. It was expect- ed, however, in September and Oc- tober that the English market would absorb a considerable quan- tity of Canadian butter and dealers who had supplies of butter on hand to take care of their winter trade expected to be able to ship this but- ter to England in October or Nov- ember. They therefore contracted for a quantity of fresh-made New Zealand butter, partially sufficient to supply their trade after having shipped out their own butter. The English market did not absorb the Canadian butter, and hence there has been slightly more butter on hand than there otherwise would have been, with the result that butter is being sold today for sev- eral cents per pound less than the actual cost. New Zealand butter which arrived in Canada in Noy- ember, costing 40 cents delivered, was being sold last week for 37 cents. There has been absolutely no holding for a high price. On the contrary, all holders of butter wil suffer losses, which is most unfortunate, as it means tbat next summer butter will of necessity be bought from the producer at a lower price to ensure its being shipped to England before New Zealand butter comes on the mark- et, - The produce business is of a necessity of a speculative nature, but unfortunately have invested their money in pro- duce for the last two or three years both in Canada and the United States, the results have not been profitable, generally speaking. The men engaged in the butter import and export trade appear to have tripped themselves up by puy- ing New Zealand butter before they they had assurance that they could sell their Canadian surplus stocks in the British market. The Gov- ernment reports on butter in stor- age as the spring advances will in- dicate whether the quantity of domestic and imported butter on hand is "slightly" or very consider- ably more than the market can ab- sorb before the flow of milk be- comes plentiful again in May, The prediction of lower prices for but- ter next summer will not be ac- cepted by dairy farmers and the proprietors of creameries without question, . There are signs of trade revival in Great Britain, and of a falling off in Continental butter supplies, There was an export {movement in dairy cattle from On- tario and Quebéc last fall that must have a marked effect in less- ening the amount of cream for but- ter-making during the coming sea- son," Home consumption also must be increasing because 2f the rapid expansion of mining and paper- making in the North. The existing surplus--if there is no w'tholding --may disappear speedily. On the whole it would appear to be too early to concede that prices during 1928, either in Canada or Great Britain, will be materially less than they were last season. Butter at present rates is no more profitable to the dairy farmer than to the dealer, Any serious further decline will result in a considerable transference of activity from dairy- ing to the raising of beef cattle. Many farmers are already taking preliminary steps in that direction. A very wealthy man in England left directions in his will that his funeral should be "conducted in the most simple and cheerful man- ner." Considering the large per- sonal bequests there was no likeli- hood of gloom. It's easy enough to have more re- liable brakes--if the drivers didn't 80 through the windshields.--Bran- don Sun. for those who L, ozs Chinese Are Trying Hard to ©". 'Modernize Their Country heaval; Says John H. Geldart, Who Spent 16 Years in China, Ex- plains the Reasons Underlying the Recent Up , Progressive Group Want Foreigners There ST THOMAS, Feb, 25.--~"The re- cent upheaval mn China Is at bot-| tom an effort to modernize the country," said John H. Geldart, na- tional foreign work secretary of the Canadian Y. M, C. A's in an interview during his brief visit to the local association. Mr. Geldart has spent sixteen years in China in Y. M. C. A. work and only returned from there In January. He lived in four differ- ent sections of the country and traveled widely, gaining an, nsight into. conditions and reasons under- lying the recent upheaval. Contin- uing, Mr. Geldart said," The aim is to bring about better conditions of life in education, transportation, social and governmental Institu- tions, and in health and the eco- nomic situations among laboring peoples. The roots of this upheav- al go far back into Chinese his- tory. The Jesuits who eame to China some 30 years ago brought mod- ern' ideas of the world. Western business men in the great port ci- ties have given an entirely new out- look to commercial leaders of China. Missionaries, with teach- ings about spiritual freedom have been a great factor, for the Chin- ese, like our own forefathers, have taken the idea of freedon and ap- plied it to social and political in- stitutions, Chinese students have come into touch with modern teach- ing of science, sociology, govern- ment and commerce through schools in China or in Western lands, All such factors have created a broad foundation for the modarn move- ment, which is essentially patriotic and progressive, and wili some day transform China into an efficient member of the family of natione. Proclamation of Republic "In 1911 this progressive move- ment led to China declaring her- self a republic," Since that time there has been more or 'ess con- stant unrest, because the removal of the Emperor, to which China was accustomed, left the state with- out a head. Great generals have arisen, who have hecome war-lords, without any policy for the welfare of the nation, each seeking his own interests and exploiting his prov inees with war and overtaxation. The one parliament unde: the re- pubic was illegally disbanded In 1915. These members of parlia- ment then 'formed the .nucieus for the recent Cantonese or Nationalist party, whose armies gwap: up from Canton, through Hankow, down the river to Shanghai, taking all be- fore them, When one of these armies under a radical genera! took Nanking, the capital of Shanghai Province, there was considerable trouble for the foreigners, and this led, since last March, to much In- ternational bickering. An Awakening Conscience "The chief result of this Nank- ing outrage, however, was the re- volt of China's conscience and a split within the Nationalist of Can- tonese party, between the reds or radicals (under Moscow influence) and the moderates, Russian advis- ers had for some flve years heen training Cantonese officers and men, who formed the basis for (he vie- torious armies which swept north- na? If western business men and government officials go to China, the missionary has a right te. Last spring, when consuls ordered out American missionaries at Henkow, Bishop Roots replied that he would not go until American busi« ness men went, and he was rights Recent word from missionaries in the far interior indicates that they hare had less trouble with theif ants in many sections than in any previous year. But a far more important reason fo: their going is that Christ has given a revelation of God which is far more clear and powerful than any revelation given elsewhere im Asia at any time in history. What Is Wrong There? "What then is wrong with China and why don't the Chinese settle down? Let me mention ten different kinds of leaven or fo- ment which are to-day causing the upheaval in that - country. The French Revolution has its counter part there, because in 1911 the Chinese drove their emperors from power and set up their own Inef« ficient government. The Renais« ance which opened the minds of Europeans three hundred years ago has its counterpart, for since 1903 the Chinese have turned their minds entirely to a modern school system, studying the bess that the West has, from the wealth of the Greeks to the Johm Dews eys of to-day. "The industrial reformation changed European Industry from the home to factory has begun to change the great cities of all the Orient, with the exploitation of human labor and the labor unrest which inevitably follows. 'The reformation under Luther brought new visions of the spirit« ual, and to-day the Chinese are exe amining their own religions and seeing Christ more clearly than we have thought them, We Have Disappointed Them "Modern science, with Its so.a# system and its universal law, ig displacing ancient ideas of tue world and of evil spirits, Travel to all parts of the world has brought, to tens of thousands, through actual experience abroad, totally different ideas coucerning nations and countries, Incidentale ly, they have come to see the evild in western countries, and to know that we are not as good as we said we were. There has come a new appreciation of thelr own anclent culture and morality, which has survived Egypt, Baby< lonia, Greece and Rome, and in which men have learned of toiers ance which we still deny. They have seen us-in our barbarious wars and havé found our feet of clay. This is the Soviet teaching of taking what they can and grasps ing for themselves what we ad Christian nations refuse to allow them. With all these, there is the fire of nationalism, a new patriote ism and a new consciousness of their own worth in the family of nations, But with all these thcre are also leavens of selfishness, ine justice, exploitation of their own people, ete, ' Process of Modernization "The whole process can be dew ward, They even got as far as Shantung Province, within 300 mil- es of Pekin. During the late sum- mer they seem to have lost their nerve, and a stalemate scems to be the present situation. Tt may even be worse than a stalemate; there is some evidence of a flefeat by the northern war-lord armies. The evidence now suggests that the young, popular, progressive move- ment had weight and strenzih en- ough only to do three-quarters of the miiltary task, and is weaken- ing to the point of preaking. That may mean months or even years or delay. But the basis for final victory is 'here, and it is 2n'y a question of time; nothing can kiil the movement. Communists Lose Control "Meantime, as the summer and autumn passed, the Russianized left wing, of Communists or ex- treme radicals, were swept out of power in Canton, Changsha, and several other cities, the people hav- ing come to see what this king was leading to. Soviet influence in China decreased. steadily. The to apply them in China in Chinese ways and with Chinese leadership. The Attitude of. the Chinese "Before Cdnadians can under- stand the Christian outlook in China," continued Mr. Geldart, "they must upderstand seme of the features of the present politi- cal, commercial and patio movements in that country,' Three questions apd .brief answers Lo them will tlear away much cloudi- ness as we try to see China through Chinese eyes. "Do the chinese want foreigners to live in China? A few radicals do not; the majority--the vast ma- jority----do. This includes merchants, students and officials. The radicals are a few fairly in- fluential labor leaders under Rus- sian fnfluence, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the leader of the whole progress- ive group, has declared over and over again in his writings, partic- ularly in his "Modernisation of China," that they must have much w capital and much western experience in the development of their ports, railways and patural Chinese may adopt certain foreign | doctrines, but they are determined | scribed as modernization, What it has taken Engiand 700 years to accomplish, China is faced with in one generation, She Is attempling a short-cut, and all short-cyts are costly, but sometimes there is ne chance of going the longer and safer way, China bas had ue choice; this short-cut was the only way, and she is making It with amazing speed. It is ques- tionable if even Japan modernized herself as speedily, Japan certa.n- ly has bad -far more advantages, chief of which was a stable gove érnment, Want to Rule Own Country "The Chinese are asking that they be accounted an equal in the family of natiens., By that taey mean that they must be allowed to govern their own territories (get back the concessions), make their own policies (such as their own tariff, which in the past, western nations have decided), and be fred from foreign pressure financially. In other words, to be masters of their own affairs. This has not been the case. For a hundred years western nations have im=- posed on China because of her weaknesses. "There is only one way that western pations can keep their present shares in the China mar- ket. All they want is trade. They must be fair, They must grant China the same freedom of action that they themselves have, The Young China Movement is demand ing that. They are demanding of themselves at the same time row form of the currency, improvemend in educational work, better local provincial and central government, and a better economic life for the poor man. The Moderate group 18 China realizes that only at grezf cost can progress be made; bus many are ready to sacrifice every thing' for their country. Future of China Bright "The future of China is brighw if western peoples agree to what is just, amd if the Chinese moderates can eontrol the situation against the extremists. But the nation is potably moderate. For thousands of years, while western peoples were learning war, the Chinese resources. Dr. Sun is the leader and prophet of the pew order; which is now striving for the bet-' ter China. They want foreigners' to live there as guests, not as mil- itary or naval autocrats. have been fed intellectually on the doctrine of the mean or middie ground. 'They will comproi.ise rather than take any extre.e. Western nations can therefore ex- pect a reasonable attitude if toey take a reasonable mtti- in Chin, "Should aries £0 to. Chi- tude." °