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to IfeeLas County J A a- Give mo the ha libera to 8 PAGES Mo paper sent outside of North York unless paid advance Copies Cent Each J TERMSiM per ajinum if paid advance PERMANENT DEG0ATIV Only WATER PAINT 90c per Sanitary as to is iS i ii a FREDERICK HAMILTON BEGINS A SERIES OK DEALING WITH THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN OLD ONTARIO IM is From tbe Toronto Globe saw the fringe of settlement My irounii tee shor teR Paint to suit every y Buggy House Barn Roofer Bath Gold and SilveK Enamels VARNiSHESBoat Buggy Hard Oil Finish and Fillers and Putty K- bicycle Livery ff4 Now is the Time TO ORDEB YOUR Cake the June Wedding The very latest design of and had years of experience in many of the largest shops in the leading Ontario we are prepared to make as pretty and as lusty a cake as can be bought any- Jellies and made to J Jacks Bakery on two or three rolls of features the rapid slope downwards from Oak to Lake Newmar ket is once conscious of its past and alive to its present It boasts that ballmark of gentility it has had its- losses It bears its honorable part in the active and resolute life of today for it has made them good One of the oldest of the northern towns time was when Newmarket was the centre of the restless wave of settlement- which spreading east and west from the longoccupied street belt of farms enwrapped the shores of Lake It was the advanced base of the army of campaign against Nature which began while the echoes of still rang in mens ears and was but concluding when Confederation came In those dais the settler from far and near resorted to Newmarket to sell his grain and to buy his supplies New days new towns cut- off to arid west by new centres supported by new railways the old town enjoys no long er Us predominance But a town is not necessarily ruined because it ceases to be a distributing point tor a vast but the people of Newmarket with fore sight and vigor have organized the farming industry of the region which they still control so that it centres in their town and further they have seen their town change With the changing conditions until today per haps half of its interests are industri al The multitude of small indus tries of half a century ago the gristmills yw- and breweries and distilleries which clattered at every waterpower have suffered change and in their stead have come fewer larger more closely organ ized industries which concentrate in farms piercing the deep Woods at right angles to the general course of development northwards to Lake Thus the County of York in its beginnings marks the rising power of settlement in the young community The traverse as the Metropolitan Railway bustles us northward to Newmarket saw the pioneer work in the settlement of the interior and has since those early days cast oft its swarm of men who have in their turn been pioneers id newer lands Presentday Conditions the old to the new A cen tury has rolled by the first half of strenuous settlement the latter hall of the cumulative labor and improve ment which is implied by farming in older communities At the opening of the twentieth century how stands it with this longsettled on this strategic The nineteenth century dawned upon a band of scattered settlers heartened in their labors by a vision of homes and prosperity for their old ice and for their children What fruition has come to these hopes It would be easy to contrast the hard lot of the pioneers with the conditions of the settled community today and to from them a set of pyrotechnic exclamation points For the first -four- decades of the last century pioneer conditions prevailed Then the wave settlement passed on and for sixty years the County of York has been an integral part of the older Ontario How have the people fared in those decades and are they today more comfortable more pros perous than they were in the earlier portions of the settled times the comparison between conditions- a cen tury apart is too sharp a decade is or 30 years ago hut they have as much elbowroom It question not of counting heads- but of estimating conditions Are they as wealthy ftp they live as well or better Are their social conditions the up grade on the level or are they declining These are questions sot wholly- to be settled by an appeal to statistics The human element en ters into the answers elicited such questions and the human interest of course has its elements of inconsist ency of bias and of caprice yet rightly appraised it is a surer guide than the statistics which after are but mechanical aids the ascer taining of that intcresti Here in North York one is -reason- ably clear of the city whose growth intrudes in Ontario the same disturb that is felt in other countries Here a region of farming land of rural villages of small towns a region typical pi- the Ontario we have known in our youth and In our histories Few farmitig districts can surpass these clay lands in fertility few of the smaller towns can show a more intelligent of adaptation to- changing conditions Here then we may begin our inquiry Change after change has swept over the economic position of the country during the years apparent quiet through which this little town has sat upon its green ridges and every change has meant a reorganization of industry aspect yet aboundjng in strenuous effort in re solute and thoughtful enterprise Passing over the era when the miniature port of Holland Landing three or to the north was the transportation centre of the region and the pioneer days day is the chief feature of the mercantile life of the town The basis or the market is the presence of a dozen or so Toronto buyers who pur chase from the farmers for cash farm produce which they afterward team down street into Toronto and there distribute The statement made in town is that they find their chief customers among the smaller gro ceries of the city These traders pay out every Saturday about in cash and probably the greater part of this remains in the town The market at this busy seeding time at least is a curiously business like even intense affair This morn ing a very few minutes after eleven oclock the market hall a fairly spacious room on the ground floor of the Town Halt was deserted The activity of which it had been the scene was transferred to the compact little retail section of the main street find in its yards vehicles were to be counted at one time The street was crowded the most noticeable fea ture of the crowd being the little knots which blocked the entrance to busier stores Inside these stores the trading was at fever pitch in One hotel yard were vehicles and fully a score more had already left The town has five hotels all with large yards and the sheds of two of the Churches have been thrown open to the- farmers on market day A calculation that at vehicles must have been town was confirm ed by residents the place- By noon the town was nearly empty the farm ers caine in did their business and went home for dinner A change in deed from the days when the men from Mono drove In one day stayed over night and drove home on the when the farmers in the district now next day Incidentally the drinking one place industries formerly dissent perhaps somewhat too short an over areas dotting the trustworthy judgment Seed Corn Feed Land Land Salt I mills among the farmer folk support ing the independent blacksmith and wheelwright at every crossroads cen ter An Historic Region To the student of our older Ontario which today seems to us stable long- settled and the mother of colonies in the newer regionsthe Ontario to our fathers in their youth was very Twenty years ago good times were in the country and a hopeful spirit was abroad Today the song of good times is once more heard and now some measure of comparison may be essayed between these two periods of prosperity a score of years apart The Population A certain class of pessimists will at once point to the population figures raw and rough the New Ontario of increase has their day this region Is of uRMal ten slow or sometimes has been re st earliest days the base interest eightymile isthmus from Lake On tario to the Georgian Bay has been one of the routes older Canada All Varieties of Seed Corn White Cob Yellow Dent Longfellow Warning Early Mammoth Southern placed by decrease may base depress ing deductions For the County of York the year marks the culmin ating point of the rural population to the great west Once In yet six the mysterious centre of the Mills Huron St wi a lie House LIFE becomes worth living You may ait in your Library and your orders for the day to the butch er the baker the grocer and the many other tradesmen Items forgot ten In earlier orders may he added and amendments made In possession of a Telephone la a Prac tical SOLUTION of the problem of comfortable housekeeping The Bell Telephone Co of Canada AND and advertise for old lUhed financial in Jyo en- llahod financial zpeniGfill required Give and ielra4dred velope rThe and Aurora hail- way Co miles in length has been granted a subsidy by the Dominion Government of a mile amount to CASTOR I A For and Children wild and romantic fur trade was the Northwest Divided by Lake anil threaded by streams which shrunken now were of value when wa ter was king among roads the Pass by Toronto cut of the long detour by the great lakes and Was the Eng lish traders semisecret route French forts guarded the Ottawa the Trent and the lake roads French competition passed away and still the short cut hell its own The Northwestern Fur Company paid Its thousands to Improve Yonge street and over Upper Canadas first land artery of commerce went goods to Holland Landing to float by river lake river and lake again toMachill- mackinac Our thoughts today are held by a new and very different west but for twothirds of Ontario the route to reach it runs over the same half of the isthmus which street pierced a century ago and the very latest transportation scheme parallels the ancient route with a curious tribute to its directness and sagacity The earliest inroad of the United Empire Loyalist settlers upon the tin- touched forests of Ontario fastened upon the projecting points like the Niagara the Bay of the Long Point and the Essex peninsulas and next along the lake fronts Then came the development of the hinter land and the newlybuilt Yonge St gave the access to the splen did lands twenty back from townships reported a decrease from in one the popula tion was stationary and three report ed an Increase Further of these three townships one York was af fected by the rapid increase of Toron- by Bradford and sev eral other centres periodically gave up twodays of theirtime to journey into Newmarket- to sell and to buy we may recall the days a quarter of a century or so Those were the lavish old days still recalled with re gret of high prices for wheat and the whole energy of the farm absorbed in Us production of a year of work bringing its return almost in one lump sum of long credit when stores carried the farmer over the year and looked for their pay when his came Those days prior to the present of industry The trade of the miller was good and the mill was grinding flour tor here there and every where along the concession lines The country had not quite finished its fight with the forest and sawmills lined the streams Industry was independent and every little population centre had its blacksmith and wheelwright Twenty Years Ago Newmarket was then in the main a distribution centre To it the farmers repaired to sell their grain and to buy their goods and the town fairly be said to lived by ministering to needs It had its share of course of the industries of the dayi Mills drew their motive power from its stream a tannery throve a hat factory maintained itself and some other industries were to be found But the industrial side of its interests was small compared with the great business of playing the middleman the farmer and his market and the manufacturers and their ultimate customer the farmer It was a cred it town of course for those were credit days In size it was not far short of the figures of today the gain in twenty years has probably been from two to four hundred souls The wheat days have departed and seemed to be very slight no intoxi cated men were on the street and disorder was to be seen Saturday afternoon was almost as quiet as any other afternoon Some of the stores have found it necessary to hire extra clerks for the morning rush of busi ness All the trading done is for cash Newmarket is a cash town to day The whole circumstance speaks changed economic conditions alike in the practical business sense of the townspeople in organizing so useful a system of exchange in the new de mand created by the growth of To ronto in the cash methods which pre vail in the constant supply of ready money received by the farmers Toronto Competition While condi tions which is rather directly crused by the growth of Toronto it may be appropriate to touch upon the other side of the case the influence which the city had upon the retail trade of the town The competition of the large with the small attraction of the city shop for the town village or country consumer is no new thing the story is as old as the railway Of late the high organization and en ergy of the departmental stores sharpened a competition which is na tural inevitable and familiar Speak ing generally the effect in Newmarket has been to deprive the local stores of r tail trade in Newmarket he after some consideration placed it at Twenty years ago- he further believed the annual volume of trade in the town was Af ter all the important person in such a matter is the man who buys the goods and this calculation go to that a score of years ago the purchasing power of the people of Newmarket and the rural districts ad- joining it was is nob desired to press figures nor to give them as exact It does not seem unjust to this gentleman whose court esy must l to observe that he is so deeply interested in the fact of Toronto competition as to take the strongest- the case In any event the process is natural The advent the Metropolitan Rail way for has agreeably dis appointed those who feared most from it in the way of competition Changes Kffectcd The steady growth of Newmarket as a manufacturing centre cannot be de- in this letter it has gone on until perhaps rather more than half oh the town interests are industrial This process accounts for the gradual growth of population which has been noted So far as mercantile interests are concerned it is evident that it is rather less of a distribution centre than it was twenty years ago For this the main cause is the advance in the organization of the trade of the country caused by the improvement of transportation The volume of actual trade in the district seems to be appreciably greater a part goes past the doors of the New market shops to the stores of the city A considerable proportion of the loss thus caused has however been made up by the fact of the for farm produce resulting from this same growth of the city Intel ligently adapted this demand has rc suited in the establishment of the town market To this market again is in some measure due one substan tial reform which has been accom plished the abolition of the mischiev ous credit system and the adoption of readymoney payments Newmarket May The small in dustry the independent have disappeared from the countryside with the advent if in manufacturing and ease in transporta tion Twenty years ago no small proportion of the vehicles used in tbe country were manufactured locally so were the boots and shoes and num bers of other articles in common use Forty years ago to look yet further back the cloth which clothe the farm er was largely homemade and fulling mills must be set down in the list of vanished local industries In those days the smaller towns were manu facturing centres Newmarket for instance can enumerate a tannery a hat factory one or two sawmills a flour mill or two a number Inde pendent blacksmith and wneelwrighb shops and several other industries which have disappeared Today two large factories and a few smaller en terprises complete the towns list of manufactures The older manufactur ers supplied the locality the modern dealers sell their wares over a vast US J organized his and bast had to been fifteen or twenty years behind the townships in the commence ment of the work of settlement was even yet unfilled We know that Canada as a whole contains more peo ple thaivit did in is not that a more important fact than that thfe County of York contains fewer And which is preferable to have one por tion of our national domain densely populated and the remainder waste land or to have our population small as It is spread more evenly over the country doing pioneer work in the main occupying the ground which In another generation r two conditions One very serious econ omic change was brought about by the different methods of getting the farm ers grain to the market which the railways gradually developed A vari ety of smaller grainbuying centres sprang up along the railway line The tittle station of Blake on the Sutton branch of the for instance at tracts to Itself a considerable amount of grain which formerly came to markcC Sometimes this causes these places to become retail centres as well and In this way the little Vil lage of Mount Albert to the east al so on the Sutton branch the rail- a proportion of their town trade irea Which of the two conditions is to interfere to a much smaller extent with their country trade The New- will enter Into the fruits of thorough work the men of the days of the big barn and the scanty help It may well be questioned whether the age of subdivision and of minute cul ture has arrived for any part of On tario The Canadian farmer is not as a rule with a farm smaller than fifty acres and he regards a farm Rouble that size as the normal type Looking at the County of York from that standpoint we note that tbe subdivision of farms has in general gone as far as our people deem which Newmarket formerly possessed This perhaps was the most serious of the whole of the changing condi tions- and the town it with a good deal of energy and suc cess A Market Established The method adopted was the estab lishing of a market The process was slow and some vigor had to be shown alike in the encouragement and the protection of the enterprise prospered and took hold and now the market stores have competed vigor ously and one at least has in the competition become a departmental store itself The larger assortment Is the bait which takes the town cus tomer away It Is in the larger pur chases that the influence is felt customer who has a considerable sum to expend is likely to go to Toronto in the hope of saving enough at least to defray the railway fare and ex penses A remark was made by a clerk recently that now a sale of is rather exceptional whereas some years ago sales of or were not uncommon this illustrates the pro cess It is shopkeepers townamen who are deserting him the habit has not yet spread to the farm ers to any great degree The pro cess is illustrated by the fact that about twelve years ago the Saturday trade was estimated by one house here at onethird of the weeks busi ness Six or seven years ago the Saturday business accounted for one- half of the receipts of the week To day the same house estimates its Sat business at twothirds of the whole In what proportion is the retail trade of the town affected by these changes And what difference exists in the volume of trade twenty years and today Oneman who is a position to study circumstances es timated the proportion of trade at tracted to Toronto as very high At present he said gets 100- a year which formerly remained or would have remained In Newmar ket pockets Asked for an estimate preferable The Towns Manufactures The leading manufacturing estab lishments of the town are the Cane and the Office Specialty Works former of these came into the hands of the present firm in and at that time gave employment to hands At present the number is about 300 and in addition more are employed in the lumbering opera tions chiefly in Muskoka and near by the firm obtain the greater part of their raw material The firm sell their goods over the whole Dominion The Office Specialty Company is comparatively Concluded on Page Get ms Thats precisely what VapOCresolene does You light the vaporizer the vapor of ifl given off Not a disease can livo in this vapor yet it cant possibly barm even the youngest child Just naturally breathein the vapor it destroys the of la grippe hay fever influ enza and whooping- cough It the common sense treatment for all trouble of the throat and bronchial tabes VapoXrwokm Rid atttTwW a Cftio lajcottuyctiTrfttWatadtklaitalo la pb ftja apoa mat CiAoLkMi Co FnltoaSL and aold by ty thirty and fort The farmers probably are market and particularly Sat- ma a the shore The year no more numerous than they were 2uuraay market Tuesday is also a mar- of the present annual volume of n-