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An unusual high range of prices, like the present, only aggravates this condition. And when lower prices once more return too often the humâ€" ‘ble spud is not returned to the menu. A New York city investigator is inâ€" clined to the view that many of the troubles of the potato grower during the past three or four years cam be traced to this fact. Hundreds and thousands of consumers left off eating potatoes during the high priced war years, and food habit, once changed, is not so easily changed again when lower prices are again the rule.â€"W.D. ~Preparations lare already under way for a party of British and Irish farmâ€" ers to journey to South Africa, and 30 to make a return visit which was paid this summer ‘by South African fdarmâ€" ers to Great Britain. The tour is to be limited ito 100 ibonaâ€"fide farmers, and the cost of the trip will be kept at a particularly low figure. The itinerâ€" ary which is being arranged will afâ€" ford the fullest possible opportunity for seeing the best of the agricultural districts of the Union, as well as the more outstanding ‘mining and indugâ€" trial centres. The party is expected to leave @@ngland early in Fobruary, and will remain in South Africa until the end of April. The higsh range of potato prices is already having its inevitable effect. Consumption hss decreased and in one cityâ€"Providence, the Housewives League mttempted a, boycott. WThey claim that their investigations have shown that while high prices were being asked by retailers, carloads in the hands of speculators were rotting at the terminals. Present conditions in the large cities are not conducive to a very high per capita potato consumption. In apartment houses there are no facâ€" ilities for quantity storage and small lots are high in price. The result is that very often the housewife substiâ€" tutes something else that is more easâ€" ily storedâ€"cornmeal, macaroni, rice, turn per labor h-ou'r"than he is able to do, no matter how efficiently he may conduct his business. During the past year along the Atlantic seaboard it has ‘been impossible to hire a ‘farm kand for day work at less than four dollars per day of eight hours. Railâ€" way men not content with the high level of wages they now enjoy, are threatening to ask for another raise. Winter has set in and the coal miners are still idle. The farmer without & woodlot has high fuel bills the same as everybody alse. And if he has a woodlot and tries to cash in on the coal shortage he.finds high labor and ‘distributing costs eating up all the profit. Wood is rotailimg at from twelve to eighteen doll=rs per (:‘ord,{ but the woodlot owner cannot net} more than a dollar for his wood in the ! tree. Thae restrictive immigration law | Ras shortened up the supply of labo~. Everybody else is being protected and * the farmer demands his share. Con â€" 7 sequently, large import tions of any food product at any one time in on*® place have a tendency to further a movement for ‘higher duties. _ _ § Although the movement to have the duty on butter raised from eight to twelve cents per pound is more or less quiescent at ipresent it is by no means dead. Only a few weeks ago a leading eastern publication carried a column article written by a New York state dairyman in which a strong demand was made for higher duties on butter and cream. t : The question may ‘be askedâ€" just what does the American farmer want? Surely the duties levied in the Fordâ€" neyâ€"McCumber tariff, the largest ever icollected on food products in Ameriâ€" can history, are quite high enough ? It would seem so; but all around him the farmer sees those engaged in other industries earning a higher reâ€" Attracted ‘by the high irange of prices a Jlot of Canadian potatoes have been rolling into Bogton and New York markets. â€"In fact, so many Canadian potatoes arrived at these markets during the early part of November that embargoes resulted, and for the time prices broke rather badly. Up to November 10th no less than 460 cars of Canadian potatoes came . into New York, Chicago and Boston markets, as against twenty carloads up to the same time last year. The effect has been to create a great deal of comment on the fnadeâ€" quacy of the present duty of thirty cents iper ‘bushel. More even shipâ€" ments would not have attracted any special attention. $ Canadian exporters of food products \to United States marketsy would. be well adviged to try and regulate their shipments so that at no time is their sufficient volume to attract notice or cause a glut on the market at the point to which shipments. are conâ€" signed. In spite of the high duties levied ‘by the Fordney McCumber tariff there is a deep seated and dfairly. well organized movement for higherl duties on certain products. j (Special U.S. Correspondence in Family Herald and Weekly Star, Montreal) Wednesday, January 6, 1926 FARM TOUR HIGH PRICES AND HIGH WAGES This sounds easy, but just ask one of your friends to try it. She must place a Jlight chair with its back to the wall, then stand in front of it, facâ€" ing the wall, her toes about 12 inches from the front of the ichair. ‘Next she must place a hand on each side of the chair, and lean forward until the top of her head touches ithe wall. . Then she must try to lift the chair from the floor, and without moving the feet take away her head from the wall and stand upright! She will discover it cannot be done. the reduction in railway rates alone means a large addition to capital. In selling farm produce, also, the simple plan coâ€"operation has scarcely ‘been attempted at all. ‘The Danes have adopted it in their butter trade with great advantage, while the French not only produce co-opena,yively, but marâ€" ket on the same excellent system, and among the many extremely important advantages to ‘be gained by such a plan, the reduction in the cost of conâ€" veyance of the produce takes a promâ€" inent place. The system might easily be applied in this country to sales of meat, imilk, [butter, icheese, poultry, egg, vegetables, etc., for by combinâ€" ation the marketing can be done on a more economical basis than by inâ€" dividual effort. be derived therefrom, only a very smiall proportion of our farmers are members of coâ€"operative societies. By combining, supplies can be purchased at greatly reduced prices, foods obâ€" tained at similar reductions, and owing to large consignments of stuffs ~â€"Care of Animals _ Another cause Of leakage ~rises from the }ac-klof knowlefdige of first aid for animels. It is not intended that a farmer should ‘be 232 veterinary surgeon. but he Ccevtainly should know khow to deal with a beast taken il1l, and when the disease is serious rnonugh to require the "vet‘s" immeâ€" diate attendance. Few farmers, howâ€" ever, trowble themselves much about this important question, for they may not ‘be aware that almost every ons cf" whem logeo iby desth all the stock on their farms in twentyâ€"years. In fact, there are some authorities who say it takes less time than that. To put it in another way, five per cent of cattle die every year, and farmers having that loss should try and stop it. Lost Opportunity «A culpable cause of ‘leakage results from the objection: To coâ€"operation. Although there are many object lessons of the enormous benefits to s ton, nor what the expense is of feeding S° |nig or bullock for mairket. They have Qf an idea that some of these operations & |eave them little or no profit, but they *‘ |have the farm and must run it, and S |all these things are a part of the necâ€" 3 essary routine of their work. In no d other business is bookeeping neglectâ€" S ed so much as in farming, though the, i4 keeping of accurate accounts is the * |acknowledged and universally adopted *z principle upon which competition is Y met, and farmers as producers of comâ€" ‘~ | modities subject to this intense comâ€" Y petition can claim no exemption from the general rule if they wish to sucâ€" ® |ceed in their occupation. *J Fertilizer * When it is considered that the ultiâ€" |mate success of every farm operation lis dependent upon proper manuring, ‘ lit cannot be anything but a matter for | 2 surprise that so dittle attention is ! paid to the grievous loss of fertilizing l ingredients. Any one who has iseen | |Jan oldâ€"fashioned farmyard will underâ€" ; stand the position / of things, though | |the full import of what he saw may [not at the time have struck him. The [ manure is generally istanding jout in | : the cattle yard near the sheds, washed /, by every shower of rain, and almost l] scorched by the summer suns This |, state of things may easily be remedied ' by allowing the cattle to have & } covered yard under which they can |, exercise and take their food. The | straw is placed in this yard, and each |, fresh addition is laid on top until |; sufficient is ready for present requireâ€" 3 ments, when it should be taken out of | j the yard and carted at once to the field and plowed in. The sun hbas /; never touched it, the rain has not been |} allowed to wiash out twoâ€"thirds iof dts |; valuable .pt_)mpevt-ies, and although the C covered yard may have cost a fair sum at the start, the interest which will be }, ‘retnrned by it in this one matter alone |i, will be a compounded one, and iat least |,, e hundredfold. _ _ 6 The statement has often been made that a considerable amount of money is annually lost to farmers owing to leakages, which with a little trouble might easily ‘be prevented.. It is well known that a large majority of farâ€" mers do not know the cost of their crops, and in many cases they do not seem to want to possess this inforâ€" mation.. They do not know what their wheat costs per ‘bushel, their hay per FARM LEAKAGES CAN BE SMALLER TRY IT! 10. An ounce of alum to a@a gallon of whitewash will prevent its rubbing off. A pint of molasses to five galllons of whitewash makes the lime more gsoluable and causes the whitewash to penetrate further into wood. A pound of cheap bar soap dissolved in a gallon of ~water and added to 5 gallons of thick whitewash will give it a gloss like oil paint. A pint of ‘disinfectant is frequently added to each 4 gallons of whitewash. 8. Slake quicklime with water, and add sufficient skimmilk to bring to the consistency of thin cream. To each gallon add 1 oz. of salt and 2 ozs. of brown sugar dissolved in water. The germicidal value may ibe increased by adding soneâ€"fourth pound of chloride of lime to every 30 gallons of wash. 9. Slake quicklime with enough water to make a thick paste. While it is slaking add a pint of melted lard or other grease and a cupful of salt to a bushel of lime. â€" Add enough water to bring the solution to the consistency of thin cream and strain through a piece of burlap. ~For chicken house or barn where milk is not made it is adâ€" vigable to add four ounces of some coal tar disinfectant to every gallon 11. There are on the market preparâ€" ations that make excellent whitewash and that ‘are not expengive. In many cases these are better than the poorly prepared, homeâ€"made mixture. 7. To half a bucketful of quicklime add two handfuls of common salt, and soft soap at the rate of 1 Ib. to 15 galâ€" lons of the wash. Slake slowly,; stirâ€" ring all the time. This quantity makes two ‘bucketfuls of very adhesive wash, which is not affected ‘by rain. 5. Weatherproof whitewash for exâ€" tferlor:â€"3lalke 62 1lbs. quicklime in 12 ws@allons of hot water, and add 2 Ips, salt aud 1 1b. sulphate of zinc ‘digssolâ€" ved ir 2 gallons of boiling water. To this mixture sadd 2 gallons of skimmilk and stir well. _ 4. Factory whitewash: Aâ€"Beat up a half pound tye flour in a pint of cold water, then add 1 gallon of ‘boiling water. B.â€" Dissolve half pound of common salt in 2 quarts of hot water. 6. Take 20 Ibs. of quicklime, 3 lbs. common salt, and 1 lb of alum. Slake the lime with iboiling water until of the consistency of thin cream. To inâ€" crease the antiseptic propertios of the wash, add oneâ€"halfâ€"pint of crude carâ€" bolic weid |or »other disinfectant . to each ‘bu‘cketful. Mix A and B, then stir this into a solution of 10 lbs. quicklime slaked in 2 saltons of water. 8. Slake 10 lbs. quicklime in 2 galâ€" lons water, cover and let stand for an hour. Then add sufficient ‘water to bring mixture to thickness of thin cream. THE INDEPENDENT,. GRIMSBY, ONTARIO _ 2. Mix 1 pecks hydrated lime, 2 Ibs. salt, 4 gallons commercial limeâ€" sulphur, and 40 gallons water. An ounce of alumâ€"to the gallon will lend adhesivenegs. Abar of soap dissolved in a gallon of water and added to 5 gallong of whitewash will give a glossâ€" like paint. { 1. Mix 50 lbs. hydrated lime with 8 gallons ‘of boiling water.â€" Add 10 lbs common salt and one pound alum disâ€" solved in 6 gallons boiling water. Stir mixture well, adding five pounds cement. We give ibelow some other formulas for whitewash:â€" | «Last summer we observed one of the ‘best methods ‘of diisinfection and whitewashing we have ever seen. The power sprayer used by ithe first spray ring was dfilled with a solution conâ€" sisting of 4 cans of lye and 13 quarts of cresol disinfectant in 100 gallons of | water. This was sprayed over the in terior iof the ‘stable and into every crack. Men with stiff brooms, brushâ€" es, and shovels cleaned up the manure an‘d dirt that had been loosened by the lye and water. Following this the sprayer was again filled with a soluâ€" tion of 125 pounds Limate (hydrated lime), 5 gallons of buttermilk, and 601 gallons of water. The total cost of all materials was less than eight dollars, and the ‘barn was really clean, well disinfected by the lye and the cresol,| and whitewash covered everything. There were some six men on the job, and they «did it all in less than four hours. s \ Use Murine Eye Remed: YOUR Em **Night andENyioming." 9 Keep your Fyes Clean, Clear and Mealthy, Write for Free EyeCare Book. Nincine Exe Remedy Co.. 9 East Ohio. Street,. Chicago (Hoard‘s Dairyman) Clean ‘out the (barn thoroughly, ’s'w-eelpin.g dust and cobwebs from the ceiling and the walls. All ~decayed and rotten ‘boards should be merméwed. If tuberculosig _or lother ‘infectious diseases are present, soak with water the hardened particles of filth and manure so they ican be removed. Serub all surface with a solution of ‘one can of lye to ten gallons of water, |ws-1',mg ia longâ€"handled stiff brush so the solution does not come in contact with the hands. ‘The barn should then be sprayed with a good disinfectant at the rate of one gallon to thirty gallons of whitewash. WHITEWASHING OUTBUILDINGS But you can Promote & Clean, Healthy Condition }U.oe Murine Eye Remedy *Night and Morning." 17 Our advice must therefore be to conâ€" i serve more carefully this home source |of potash, not merely collecting the ;a;s:h;e.g;@rom the house stoves but butnâ€" sin.‘g such ‘brush piles, old roots, etc . | as mf-:vy result from the clearing of 'land,’.u';‘)ru‘niing or ‘orchards, etc., ‘and seaving the resulting ashes. Storage lin a shed lor receptacle protectedl from the weather is essential to preâ€" vent deterioration. j For clover, corn and mangles, they will ‘be found yvery valuabhle. Especâ€" fally are they ibeneficial for orchards and for grapes on sandy loams. For turnips, mixed with oneâ€"third to oneâ€" half their weight iof bone meal, they have similarly proved advantageou‘s. But indeed ithere are few ‘crops on light and gravelly isoils, as ialso on vegetable loams inclined to ibe sour, for which wood ashes cannot ‘be emâ€" ployed with profit. From Shanghai it is reported that the unusually large consumption of Canadian wheat and flour has ‘been the outstanding feature of the import trade of China iduring the past three months. â€" Canadian prices have ‘been lower than native or United States wheat. By the end (of September it was reported that over 150,000 tons of Canadian wheat had been ‘bookedâ€" to arrive lbefore the end of the year, while Canadian flour transactiongs are said to total over 3,000,000 sacks. The figures of wheat flour imports in the British West Indies show that last year $6,226,006 worth of flour from Canada went to the islands as comâ€" pared with slightly more than $2,000,â€" 000 worth from the United States. From 25 to 50 ibushels of wood ashes per acre will furnish from 60 to 129 pounds of potash, the latter an ample dressing for even very light soils. They are not needed on heavy clay loams, indeed their use on such may destroy good tilth and do more harm than good. . Their iapplication is best deferred till spring, broadcasting, preâ€" feraibly on a quiet damp day, on the ploughed land and incorporating with a thorough harrowing. woouds differ very considerably in their potash content and the ashes of twigs and ‘boughs are much richer than those of trunk woods. Pine and Other soft woods as a rule contain less ash than the hard woods and are much lighter in character and it is this 1 tter quality or. property we think that has given rise to the comâ€" mon ‘,belie;f referred to. According to our . results we cannot find that "weight for weight," â€"the ashes‘ of soft w-dod"é.r\e much, if any, poorer than those from kard woods. f . There is a general belief that aghes from hard woods, as a class, are richer in potash than those from soft woods but our analysis scarcely confirm this impression. â€" As might ‘be expected, Naturally, genuine wood ashes are somewhat varigbhle in composition, deâ€" pending ‘Partly on the nature ‘of the wood producing them «and partly on the »care with which they ‘have ibeen collected and stored. Wilful adulterâ€" ation 0f a gross character ‘has jbeen occasionally (detected in commiercial samples, addition of sand and other inert matter and leaching being the most common forms of adulteration. In addition to itheir ipotash ‘wood ashes contain some 2 per cent. phosâ€" phoric acid and from 20 to 30 per cent. caribonate jof lime, enhancins their fertilizing value and making them, in a sense, an allâ€"round fertilâ€" lzer for isupplying the mineral elements required lby crops. And, further, they correct acidity, a conâ€" dition detrimenta4l to the thrift of most farm crops. Muriate and sulphate of potash are of no value for neutralizing acidity. They are essentially a potasgic ferâ€" ’t-i-lizer, ashes of good quality, that is, dry, unmixed with sand, etc., and inâ€" leached containing between 4 per cent. and 6%4 per cent potashâ€"the average potash content ‘being ‘a@bhout 514 per cent. This potash is in a soluble form and hence immediately m@vailable for crop use; moreover, it exists in ‘these aghes in a condition (the carbonate) much more favorable for ithe nutrition ‘of ‘plants than in miore commonly used compounds and should be worth at least 1 per cent per pound more than in the latter.= There is in fact no better potaissic fertilizer. ; (By Frank T. Shutt) The ‘aghes of wood have long been recognized as a fertilizer of very conâ€" siderable value, indeed their use in agrniculture is historic. In all counâ€" tries, including Canada, practising agriculture, they hbhave been highly prized, especially for clover, grapes and fruit trees and leafy crops generâ€" ally, on isandy and dight loams and it was ionly with advent of the high grade potash salts that their use fell ‘off, though of course, their production in idecreasing quantities of late years, owing to the disappearance of our forests, has been an important factor in making it more and more difficult for the farmer in the older settled districts to obtain them. WOOD ASHES A GOOD FERTILIZER GRAIN TO CHINA The jig is up; at last he said Shoot, if you mug this old grey head. ‘This wicked world I can endure, Because I know I‘m sweet and pure.â€" Brown Jug. #* Kansas farmers lose annually through insects more than three times the cost of the entire educational system of the state, including the pubâ€" lic school, colleges, universitiese and the ibuildings to house and maintain such ian educational system, declares Priof. George A. Dean, entomologist at the Kangas State Agricultural college. It was such a nite in ‘85, Hardly a man is now @live. Let it rain, let it pour, Quoth the raven, "nevermore! nite, Not a creatuire was stirring, the whole crew was tight. Sink or float! the crew did sging. O father, I hear the church bells ring. It was 50 below and all through the ‘blue, â€" If you knew Susie, like I know Gin, j You‘re @ ibetter man than I am, Gunga Din. Ha! Ha! I know you Dan McGrew! He screamed, and turned a bright red "The day was done, the nite was fast, As through an Alpine village pastâ€" He shouted with ia steady roar =< Excelsior! Excelsior! including Vancouver Victoria Calgary Edmonton Regina Winnipeg Fort over 800 Branches London Hamilton Toronto Ottawa Montreal Quebec St. John, William Windsor, Halifax Sydney Charlotte= %AIb.tin24c‘4 lb. 15¢ IN CANADA FRESH MILLED Specially Prepared CHOICE BRAND SINGAPORE SLICED TAPIOCA ‘OR SAcO poMINO BAKING POWDER MIXED 4 CANDY 31 MATCHES 3 =25¢ CASTILE SOAP Minced Parodies PINEAPPLE 20c One Sure Way of Saving Money Bulk Cocoa 2*19¢ G520 INSECT WASTE COCOA Your nearest DOMINION STORE is the one place you make sure of carrying out your New Year resolution to save money. You can always save there without a sacrifice of quality. FRY‘S â€" BREAKFAST THAT IT HAS BEEN SOLD FOR NEARLY FIFTY YEARS AND IS TOâ€"DAY A GREATER SELLER THAN_EVER BEFORE IS A TESTIMONIAL THAT SPEAKS FOR ITS NUMEROUS CURATIVE QUALITIES. Grimsby Branch Ont. D& thomas‘ ECLECTRIC OIL. The Royal Bank OfFf Canada ROLLEDOATS 7 » 29c WHITE BEANS 3=~19¢ Internal and External Pains are promptly relieved by _ 4 ADVERTISING PAYS Oca=20¢ 10¢, ~EXTRA LARGE PRUNES 16c Ib. 1 Ib. TIN â€" REG. 2383¢ 1» 19¢ C. D. Wells, Manager Your knowing is nothing unless some other person knows thiat you know it.â€"Persgius. No telling what you _could hear every iday with the energy you spend talking labout it. CA *0 1 Ib. tin TIGER ‘OR‘EAGLE (COHOE) **The Finest Butter in Canada" *V 1b DOMINION es TEAS RICHMELLO 79c¢ Ih. SELECT 69c Ib. D.S.L. BULK â€" 89c I1b. Mayfield Brand 460 Ib. Braeside Brand" _ , {4QC R. MOXLEY SALMON OLD PoOPWINTER OWNS DpEFEAT â€" }. WHEN hE MEETS ThE [ â€" PROPER HEAEZAâ€"â€" _ BUTTER There‘s only one way to lick winter. Slam him with a bunch of heat. If your heating â€" equipment isn‘t all that it should be let us give it someâ€" attention. Perhaps you want to inâ€" stall a new upâ€"toâ€"date heatâ€" ing plant of your own. If so we‘re the plumbers ‘to do it for you. Plumbing and Electrical Supplies _ MINCEMEAT 2 lbs. 29c PHONE 4 290¢ -o.o-o-o-o.tw;f 1 9c SEVEN over ' 100 Branches including London New York Paris _ Barcelona St. John‘s, Havana San Juan Santo _ Nassau PortofSpain BuenosAires Rio de Domingo Portâ€"auâ€" Janeiro Montevideo Caracas and in Colombia Peru Venezuela ABROAD 115 106â€"C Prince Nfld.