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In the following . year Denonville had on hand more. serious business NH i sh; feviaginaenisblishlys of posts, on the rows, the Detroits, for we still use the French name.â€" The Iroquois, living across Lake Ontario, had â€"become bolder than ever, and their raids into Canada threatened the existence of the colony.. Denonville collected an army and led it against the enemy. He required 3,000 men, he stated in a report td the Home Government, but he had only one half that number, beâ€" cause part of the militia had to be left at home to protect, and cultivate the farms, and part, he adds, "must be employed in guarding the posts of Fort Frontenac, Niagara, Toronto, Missilimackinac." â€" Fort Frontenac is Kingston, established about ten years earlier, and "Missilimackinac" is anâ€" other spelling of "Missilinmagquine," or Michilimackinac. :< The Toronto Portage The other route was shorter, for it lay across country, and Denonville reâ€" fers to it as "the portage of Toronto." After crossing Lake Ontario, the traveller would land at Toronto, then portage northward to Lake Simcoe. There canoes would again be launchâ€" ed, and by traversing the Lake, and following the Severn River to its mouth, Lake Huron could be reached. This route had been in use for many years. â€" The Hurons used it if they wished to go to the great lake to the south, and Champlain seventy years before Denonville‘s time) Denonâ€" ville would erect a fort on the route and so close it too to English tresâ€" passers; and his reference in his meâ€" morial of 1686 to "the portage of Torâ€" onto" is the first appearance of the name Toronto in documents bearing on the history of Canada. | Denonville carried out his camâ€" aign, and invaded the country of the roquois. They fled before him, but he success was not followed up with igor, and instead of crushing the ul tTttttTTET There were two routes from Lake Ontario to. Michilimackinac. One was up Lake Erie and through the Detroit River and so on to Lake Huron. Denonville planned to block this route by a fort built at the narâ€" rows of which Detroit was the French name; and there was stationed Sieur du Lhu or Duluth, after whom was named the city at the western end of Lake Superior. "When Detroit was fortified," said Denonville, "the English will have somebody to speak to when they come."‘::> . gx â€"â€" ~How Clothing and Furnishing sales are increased by Long Distance a half ruined colony. It is in the records of Denonville‘s regime that one comes upon the early history of Tearonto. § The fur trade was the great prize for which French and English pionâ€" eers struggled. The trade about the region of the Upper Great Lakes was abundant and profitable, and the French, who had pushed outposts beâ€" yond Montreal, were bent on excludâ€" ing the English from this field. The French had a fort at Michilimackinac, commanding the strait connecting Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, but they resolved to block the route to the Upper Lakes by posts further down. : From August, 1685, to October 11, 1689, the Marquis de Denonville was Governor of Canada or New France. He was a poor administrator, a weak man, and he left to his successor, the resolute Frontenac, an Indian war and ob-.a-_u.o-o-n-o-o-o‘ THIRTYâ€"EIGHTH YEAR Some quotations from recent reports: "Long Distance brought us so much business that we expect to enlarge our factory." "Tried â€" Stationâ€"toâ€"Station service and find it very satisfactory for selling goods to distant points." ‘"Thanks to Long Disâ€" tance we are able to carâ€" ry on without a . large stock of goods. We call up wholesalers for our needs." A wellâ€"known firm of Otâ€" tawa retailers writes "We often" use Long Distance in preference to writing.‘" "We call up customers in outside towns and make appointments for tryâ€" ons." We can tell you how to apply Long Distance to almost any business E. J. LEPATOUREL Every Bell Telephone ts a Long Distance Station “.-;; % e "'e“ sy, y &4 0 co p!%\;i 3 ul hn /& > x > ,% dn /z c<up n <up o en o<upâ€"n IN THE EABLY DAYS AROUND TORONTO A AQAmku a¢~". K8 Par EDN o\ x" CA PAGES 9 TO 12 a8 Manager NUATERERTmE Judging from this entry in Rogers‘ journal, all trading there had ceased when he visited the place in the auâ€" tumn of 1760; but it is to be observed On October 1, Rogers set out from Toronto, and as he says, "steerâ€" ing south, straight across the south end of Lake Ontario, at dark we arâ€" rived at thersouth shore, five miles west of Fort Niagara," at the mouth of the Niagara River. Rogers acâ€" complished his mission, proceeding to Detroit as directed to a river flowing into Lake Huron ....They added that there was a carâ€" ryingâ€"place of fifteen miles from some western part of Lake Erie to a river running without any falls through several Indian towns, into Lake St. Clair. : I think Toronto a most conâ€" venient place for a factory, and that from thence we may very easily setâ€" tle the north side of Lake Erie. "They told us that we could easily accomplish the journey from thence to Detroit in eight days; that when the French traded at that place (Torâ€" onto), the Indians used to come with their peltry from Michilimackinac down the river Toronto; that the porâ€" tage was but twenty miles from that to a river flowing into Lake Huron "Round the place where formerly the French had a fort, that was called Fort Toronto, there was a tract of about 300 acres of cleared land. The soil here is principally clay. The deer are extremely plentiful in this country. . Some Indians were huntâ€" ing at the mouth of the river, who ran into the woods at our approach, very much fnightened. They came in, however, in the morning and testified their joy at the news of our success against the French. The entry in the journal for Sepâ€" tember 30, reads:â€""In the evening we reached the river Toronto, (the Humâ€" ber), having run seventy miles...... We passed a bank twenty miles in length, but the land behind it seemâ€" ed to be level, well timbered with large oaks, hickories, maples, and some poplars. No mountains appearâ€" ed in sight. The party set out from Montreal on September 12, 1760, in fifteen whaleâ€" boats, and proceeded up the St. Lawâ€" rence, making laborious portages around the rapids, now overcome by Canada‘s great St. Lawrence. canal system. Major Rogers wrote and published a detailed account of his trip, @nd in that journal are to be found several interesting entries reâ€" lating to Toronto. France and Britain were now rapidâ€" ly drifting into that < long / conflict which resulted in the conquest of Canada. â€" It was in the valley of the Ohio River that the first clash took place. In 1752, before open hostilâ€" ities had commenced, a French miliâ€" tary expedition from Quebec, while on its way to the Ohio, rested at Toronâ€" to. _ A volunteer by the name of Cofâ€" fen wrote a narrative of the expediâ€" tion, and at one place he says.â€"‘"They on their way stopped a couple of days at Cadaraghqui fort (meaning Catarâ€" aqui or Fort Frontenac, now Kingâ€" ston), also Taranto, on the north side of Lake Ontario; then at Niagara fifâ€" teen days." â€" It will be observed that Coffen spells the word, "Taranto in accordance with his own pronunciaâ€" tff British Take Possession The fate of Canada was determined by Wolfe‘s victory on the Plains of Abraham on September, 13, 1759, and a year later the fate was sealed by the surrender of Governor Vaudreuil to General Amherst at Montreal. In the West a few posts held out, not that their commanders intended conâ€" tinuing the war, but because there were no British officers in the counâ€" try to whom they could surrender. One of the principal posts was Deâ€" troit. _ Shortly after the surrender of Vaudreuil, a force was despatched by General Amherst to proceed up the country and take possession of Deâ€" troit. This force consisted of 200 men, under the command of Major Rogers, the famous Ranger, whose exploits in the Lake Champlain region early in the war made him famous. a i i ae rnrgwrntA ce i : uh 90 t on § 5 fhaic Eo8 A es | : 59 $J D \ fety i mexs 4t 8 2 yX tpP 'f;fi.â€". 2 Th P ‘ & : $ o 3 ts ty And so Toronto was improved, and about the year 1752 it was given the name Fort Rouille, so named, doubtâ€" less, from Antoine Louis Rouille, Col:â€" onial Minister from 1749 to 1754. ~ The establishing of a trading post at Toronto, it was expected, would offset the influence of the English, who on the south side of the lake and somewhat to the east, had stt up a post at the mouth of the Oswego River. In time the post grew into a stone fort, and the French regarded it as a menace to Fort Frontenac on the other side of the lake. The fort at the mouth of the Oswego also drew away much of the trade that heretoâ€" fore had passed down the St. Lawâ€" rence to Montreal, and so the post at Toronto was enlarged and strengthâ€" ened so as to be better able to comâ€" pete with its rival. + P $ Sixtyâ€"three years pass and the name Toronto is not found in the records of the time, for it is not until 1749 that it reappears. At that time de la Galissoniere was administering the affairs of the colony in the absence of the Governorâ€"inâ€"Chief, de la Jonâ€" quiere; and in one of his despatches to the King‘s minister in Paris, de la Galissoniere states that he had given orders for erecting a stockade and esâ€" tablishing a royal trading post at Torâ€" onto. Shortly after de la Galissonâ€" niere returned to France. ) ARUUNU 1URUNIY _ |@] 41446 â€" MA RRAhthIAthhâ€" spirit of the Iroquois, they were sim-' uw VW ply further exasperated. Three years | Trg f later they took a terrible revenge by | 2 perpetrating the massacre of a large 5 A rumber of settlers at Lachine, only 5 ¢ nine miles above Montreal. Denonâ€" § 3 ville failed, and he was replaced by 5 t Frontenac, then Governor for the secâ€"} 5 s ond time. !5 A Post At Toronto | Sixtyâ€"three years pass and the name ?5 Toronto is not found in the records '5 pommatrmeuy oo of the time, for it is not until 1749} s that it reappears. At that time de '5 e amral la Galissoniere was administering the |$ a~ & affairs of the colony in the absence 0f15 i j the Governorâ€"inâ€"Chief, de la ]onâ€"' C omor en quiere; and in one of his despatches 5 y mt it to the King‘s minister in Paris, de la 5 N 1 C Galissoniere states that he had given t f rders for erecting a stockade and esâ€" 55 cA i m o ablishing a royal trading post at Torâ€" 5 a i nto. Shortly after de la Galissonâ€" TL o t oA i ks ~I (Continued on Page Ten) The â€"twelve largest cities in the United States have only 9 per cent. of all motor cars in the country. Carbon accumulates underneath the piston and in ring slots, besides the open plaees. Thereâ€"are nearly one million comâ€" mercial vehicles in the United States. Tighten bolts often to avoid squeaks and rattles. Remove discoloration on spark plug porcelain with a knife. Don‘t stop suddenly. Oil steering knuckle pins daily. Shake the car to test for squeaks. There are only 200 automobiles in the whole state of Persia. New Jersey has 116 automobiles to every 100 farms. Nevada has the least number of automobiles of all states. A loose nut may cause the breakage of an imporant part. Too much speed means too much wear and tear. e wl l _ "The Home of Fashion"‘ GRIMSBY Athhhhthlhlhinlhlhlhlhlhhfhhihhth/hilhllhipifipinipipyagnyrus xX Lot No. 1â€"Allâ€"wool Worsted Socks, Black and brown. Reg. 85¢. s DAYS 50c Mens fine Lot No, 2â€"Fine Felf Hats. Reg. $4 $ DAYS 98c Thursday, Friday, Saturday Men‘s Allâ€"wool Sweater Coats. Reg. $5.00 and $6.00. AY $°+Ys63.98 oys‘ Allâ€"wool Jerseys.. Reg,. $2.00 Whihhhhh/lhlhhihlhlhififihihith!flfipipipipipipipipynuouairunuel Lot. No., 2â€"Allâ€"wool: Cashmere. Reg. 75c to $1. s DAYS 50c 1O BUY # inxinirennie en en oieroreairrinn t elle es AUTO TIPS A Few Money Savers KHAKI PANTS REHHXXHRXXEXXXHEXEXAEEXERXHERHEHXE $ °*""$1.98 Hi s DAYS s 1 -29 SWEATERS E. V. HOFFMAN elt H DAY Reg. $2.50 SOCKS HATS Hats. â€" Reg. $5 to $6 $3.49 AAAJAJA GRIMSBY, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1923 One step won‘t take you very far, You‘ve got to keep on walking; One word won‘t tell folks who you are You‘ve got to keep on talking; One inch won‘t make you very tall, You‘ve got to keep on growing: One little ad won‘t do it all, You‘ve got to keep them going. M“â€"“_‘_______MWWMMWQWWMM _â€"W____‘ . itz ea) RERERKHE) K XIXIRIXIIEEXX Wikaina i ies en en oagreamrranaacacnes HANXXRAERREXEEARanERAAAnHEREXREREHERIEHT MR en en iRarriee While they last. Grey unlined Gloves f Reg..$2.50 $ DAYS 98c Odd garments, good quality ; all wool Reg. $2 to $3 each XKERH KKRX "Auauc‘€ Newest patterns and fine quality .ot No. 2â€"Nice neat patterns and of good quality. . Reg. $2 $ °> 08c ot No. 1â€"Extra fine quality, some with collars to match.. Reg. $2.850 to $3.50 Aalee Reg. $1 to $1.50 DAYS 4 FOR @4 hambray and Khaki Shirts, big ~ and roomy [ ic i WORK SHIRTS Special. : Reg. $2.25 $ ~*"" $1.69 UNDERWEAR $ ~"*‘"" $1.98 NECKWEAR OVERALLS GLOVES DAYS DAYS SHIRTS hNiE HimhrhHin efi fls 98c $1.50 y â€" e p Ts o h 4 i 4y ® Nok E o N hoh ibe fif‘:‘ CAQ C & bMuks \ns i M o eA t ho e 5 &5 [ t ME £0} 6 rabrabrabrdbral [eViAAILAA) When and How to Apply Ground limestone may be applied at any season of the year and to any more open Ground limestone, therfeore, imâ€" proves soils in at least three different ways. Frist, it corrects sour or acid soils. Second, it binds sandy soils toâ€" gether. Third, it renders clay soils On the other hand, lime reduces the heaviness of clay by binding the fine particles into clusters which act as large particles; the clay is thus more open and more casily cultivated. Ground limestone, therfeore, imâ€" It is not the intention of this article to give the impression that ground limestone itakes the place of manure or other fertilizers. It can be used to good advantage in conjunction with them, as ground limestone aids in the distribution of acid phosphates by quickly liberating ‘the phosphorus. It should be understood, however, that the use of fertilizers does not replace ground limestone, which is the only sure cure for sour, acid soils. Improves the Mechanical Condition of Soils Ground limestone not only corrects sour soils but greatly improves the mechanical condition of sand or clay soils. In the case of sand, lime binds ‘ the particles together so that it takes on more of the nature of a loam, a-nd‘ its water holding capacity is greatly increased. available for plant food by weathering of rocks and by other disintegrating agents. In this condition it has been absorbed gradually by the growth of crops until the majority of soils toâ€"day are sour, acid or in a semiâ€"productive condition. So if our farms are to continue to be productive and profitâ€" able limestone must be applied to the soil. is the material that made our best soils good, in the first place, and this orignial limestone has been made Remedy for Sour Soils _Agricultural limestone is the cerâ€" tain remedy for sour or acid soils and its cost is very moderate. Limestone a rain or thaw, make an opening with a clean knife blade and insert a strip of litmus paper. Close the soil around the paper and allow it to remain five minutes. If the paper becomes pink, either in spots or. altogether, it indiâ€" cates sour soil. Sour soil is readily detected and the indication is the failure of a clovyâ€" er crop. Other signs are the growth of sheep sorrel, daisies, wild strawâ€" berries, sour dock and moss. Sour soils may be easily ascertainâ€" ed by testing the soil with litmus paper. . When the soil is moist after The above statements are from the best agricultural authorities in Canâ€" ada and the United States, while in England nearly every land lease stipâ€" ulates that limestone must ‘be applied to the soil each year. Sour Soil is Common It is estimated that eighty per cent. of the soil in the EHastern part of this continent is more or less sour. ‘"The longr the land has been under cultivation, the more likely it is to need lime. During the past season‘s work on soil survey, we have had abundance of evidence that these changes have progressed far enough to render the application of lime a necessity in many districts." Professor R. Harcourt, Professor of Chemistry, Ontario Agricultural Colâ€" lege, Guelph.â€"states: : > "Not only is limestone one of the essential constituents of every living cell, without which there can be no life, either plant or animal, but it perâ€" forms other functions in the soil, the importance of which is scarcely secâ€" ondary to that of directly feeding the plant. When the land begins to need lime it is a waste of time, energy and money to continue cultivation until the need is supplied, for the economicâ€" al use of every other fertilizer materâ€" ial dpends on the lime supplied. limestone originally in the soil. Common evidence of this is hard watâ€" er in wells, caused by water drainage through the soil and taking the lime with it. A third cause is the large quantity of sulphur in our coal which is released in smoke when the coal is burned and is carried to the soil by rain and snow. This sulphur forms sulphuric acid in the soil which neuâ€" tralizes the all important lime. It is casy to understand that when enough of this limestone has been removed from ‘the soil by these different methâ€" ods, the soil reaches an impoverished, unproductive conditon. Scanty and poor crops are the certain result. Dr. Cyril G. Hopkins, of the Agriâ€" cultural Department of the University of Illinois says : "The three things which we need for the improvement of our soils are not nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, commonly sold in commercial fertilizers; thoy are, first, organic manures, produced on the farm; secâ€" ond, natural ground limestone; and third, natural ground rock phosâ€" phate." Alfalfa, which gathers nitrogen from the air to enrich the soil, at the same time depletes the soil of lime to the extent of several pounds for each ton of hay produced. Other crops remove a lesser amount of lime. Anâ€" other important cause is the leaching out through rains and drainage, of the Experiments, investigations and reâ€" sults conducted in Canada, United States and Europe show conclusively that soils, like people, become tired and worn out. Every crop raised takes certain essential elements from the soil. Every crop taken from the farm carries with it lime, which must be replaced if successful, profitable crops are to ibe raised in the future. (By E. Gifford Hogarth, B.S.A.) HOW TO IMPROVE SOUR, WORN OUT SO1LS $2.00 Per Yearâ€"5 Cents a Copy Sane MATCHES Certain l'ghe Chanadian Match Co, Limited, Montreal Sale A.â€"Canada had, at the end of 1921, 902,090 telephones in 2365 companies, representing a capital of $132,537,771 and net operating revenue of $6,906,â€" 878. Nearly 20,000 are employed, with salaries and wages of. $19,000,000. Telephones per 100 of population, 10.26 per cent. R j LANE NIPIGON Q.â€"Where is Lake Nipigon? . A.â€"Lake Nipigon, the Indian "Great Bay of the North," is a great sheet of water 70 miles long and 40 wide, lyâ€" ing north of Lake Superior. It has a history dating back to 1671. The land surrounding the lake is a forest reserve of Ontario. Q.â€"How many use in Canada? * THE SYDNEYS Q.â€"What and where are the Sydâ€" neys? A.â€"The Sydneys include three centres in Cape Breton in Sydney proper. North Sydney and Sydney Mines, the centres of ‘the great steel and coal industries of Nova Scotia. GENERAL MONCKTON _ Q.%4What Canadian city is named after General Monckton? A.â€"Moncton, N.B., is named â€" for General Monckton, commander of the British forces at ‘that point in 1775 when Fort Beausejour (now â€" Fort Lawrence) was taken from the French. The city has dropped the "k" from the word. FORT CHAMBLY Q.â€"Where is Fort Chambly? A.â€"Fort Chambly is on the Richiâ€" lieu River in Quebec. It was first built of palisades in 1665; burnt by the Iroquois in 1702; rebuilt of stone in 1709â€"1711; captured by the Ameriâ€" cans in 1775 and partially burnt; reâ€" stored in 1777; abandoned in 1850. The present ruins consist of three wellâ€"preserved outside walls and the old cemetery, The site is now proâ€" tected by the Government. V 0 v ons s ame oâ€" ze 0 <me 0â€"eme c <meâ€" o <me 0 <me 0 <m» oâ€"<me 0 au»â€" 0 e a *4 Ground limestone of the highest quality is available in unlimited quanâ€" tities in the vicinity of Dundas, Onâ€" tario where limestone crops out of the side of the mountain and is being preâ€" pared for agricultural us under the name of Agstone. J1, 0 u» 0 enp o m 0 as the ordinary three to six year roâ€" tation cycles. It may be applied with any lime or fertilizer sower or spread from piles or a wagon with a light shovel. A pile of 100 pounds every 35 feet each way makes two tons per acre. | OUR CANADIAN ‘ QUIZ COLUMN crop. From two to four tons of ground limestone should be applied per acre ax_ld the application repeated Diffewnt and betten c <me o amp oâ€"am> 0 <meâ€" 0 <mp 0 <z> 0 <znâ€" 0 <ne 0â€"zen 0â€"<an> ( ).0.(0:0 The Dominion in a nutâ€" shell, in question and anâ€" swer form. Compiled for Theâ€" Indepenâ€" dent by the Canadian Facts Publishing Co. One gentle stroke ignites them, Their added length prevents scorched fingers when lighting ranges and lanterns. They give longer, brighter light in the darkness. They do not glow when blown out. Their heads do not drop. They contain no poison. Rats won‘t gnaw them. CANADA‘S TELEPHONES Watch For It Weekly SECOND SECTION »mu.o.n-’o-(ozo telephones are in