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ri.jjt_z;. ^_ Saving Ontario's Natural Resources No. 6 (By C. C. Toner) FORESTS AND FISHES Tht fishery biologist ig vitally •ODCemed with forests. He knows lliait trees and woodlands ratch and hold the water during tha Mine of the year when precipita- tion is high, releasing it grad- Bally during the summer. In for- Mtcd regions the spring floods â- ra (rentle; the streams ran throughout the year, cool and «I«ar; erosion with its consequent tOt is held to a minimum. Simply â- tated, to have fish, there iiiun ht trees over a con.siderable por- tion of the watershed that sup- pH«s the streams. Right Temperature The existence of the brook trout in Ontario is closely de- pendent on the forests. Like all other creatures they have certain definite physk-al and L^iemical Faquirenients of the environment fai which they live. Of these, tem- perature of the water seenw to hare great power as a limiting factor. If the water in the stream la too warm, there will be no trout; if too cold, the food ic â- canty or non-existent and again there will be few or no trouU This temperature range is quite narrow, from 46 degrees to 65 degrees with a variation, cither way of 6 degrees, and within these limits the trout passes it« whole existence. Tree* Along Stream* Water from the earth is usually at 65 degrees, winter or summer. This is close to the most suitable temperature for the speckled trout. In shaded valleys the â- pring-fed stream is protected from the sun and wind but In the open fields it soon warms. Trees along the watercourses are an insurance against warm water. â- o a landowner, to keep condi- tions right for the trout, should plant trees along the valley, close to the stream, and should protect those that are already there. Farm Notes . . . After-Harvest Cultivation After-harvest cultivation is one ef the most practical and most effective methods of controlling weeds, states John D. MacLeod, Crops, Seeds and Weeds Branch, Ont. Dept. of Agriculture. Plants draw heavily on the food stored in the roots in order to produce flower and aeed and they are at their weakest stage immed- iately after the crop has been removed. For the control of annual and winter annual weeds, shallow, thoroutrh cultivation is recom- mended by using the plow, one- way disc, cultivator or disc har- row. Seeds are brought near the â- arface by this plan where they germinate and may be killed by •ubscquent cultivation. An abun- dance of moisture plus the meth- ods outttned above, will destroy millions of seedlinp plants of •uch woeds as Wild Mu.stard, Btinkwccd, Ragweed, Fo.xtuii, False I'lax, Pigweed, Lambs Quarters, Shei)her(ls Purse, etc. Controlling Perennialt For the control of perennial weeds having deep tap roots, •uch as Bladder ("anipiun and Chicory, deep plowing' is reconi- mendrd as .soon ai the crop has been rcmovLiI, followed by cul- tivation, using wide, sharp shares which ()veila|). Thorough, fre- quent cultivation both ways is essential in order to cut roots and bring them to tho surface; where the .sun will a.ssist in dc- â- troying them. Two Objectives An abundance of moisture will prove favourable for the control of annual weeds but will upset all plans for the control of per- ennials, particularly those with underground rootstocks. Two ob- jectives should he kept in mind when planning after-harvest cul- tlrntion. (1) Practise a green summ.T fallow when controlling annuals â€" permit seeds to germinate and destroy them later by cultivation. (2) Practise a black summer fallow when fighting winter an- nuals, biennials and perenniais. Keep the ground absolutely black antll froi^ts will make further cul- tivation impossible. Revenues from motor vehicle registrations and gasoline taxes in Canada in 1!)39 totalled |79,- 916,492, of which $27,961, 1»2 waa from registrations and |51,- 9S4,360 from gasoline taxes. In 1998 the total for registratl'ins waa $26,230,196 and the gasoline taxes $41,247,688, making a toUl revenue of $67,477,884. Seagram Gold Cup Comes Back to Him^ Slammin' Sam Snead, right, Is shown as he received the Seagram (lold Cup, emblematic of the Canadian Open Golf championship, from Krowde Seagram after his 18-hole playoff with Harold (Jug) McSpaden at Scarboro' Golf and Country Club Monday afternoon. Snead won the trophy in 1938 at Mississauga Club after u playoff with Harry Cooper. Yesterday he carded a par 71 to McSpaden's 72. McSpaden can be seen peeking over Mr. Seagram's shoulder in the above picture. THE WAR-WEE Kâ€" Commentary on Current Events New Canada-U. S. Agreement On Defense Is Momentous History was made last week in a railway car on a remote coun- try aiding near Ogdensburg, N.Y., when the Prime Minister of Can- ada, Macken2ie King, and the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, met for a four-hour conference and came to an agreement which is one of the most momentous ever rec- orded in the annals of this hemi- sphere. Mr. King and Mr. Roose- velt discussed the mutual prob- lems of defense in relation to the safety of Canada and the U. S., and, following their meeting, Is- sued a statement outlining the three provisions agreed upon: es- tablishment of a joint U.S.-Can- adain board of defense; this board to "commence immediate studies relating to sea, land and air problems, including person- nel and material;" plans for con- â- idering the defense of the north- ern half of the western hemi- sphere. Thus was cemented tho closest bond yet set up between the two great democracies in North America. Toward Mutual Assistance Pact The sig^iificance of the new agreement was not likely to he realized in its entirety for many a long day. Political observers meantime saw In it an indication that a mutual assistance pact be- tween Canada and in the United States might be in the making; that the Roosevelt administration intended to blanket the Dominion under the protecting folds of the Monroe doctrine; that the armed forces of the two countries might at a future date be unified under one command. Gracie Fields Visits Lovely Lake Louise Ardent movie camera fan. Grade Fields said of Lake Lou- ise. "It's the grandest bit of water I'vo seen." Here she is giving the camera a work-nut from the bal- cony of her suite overlooking the lake, day before her concert at the Ilanff Springs Hotel in aid of 'the Navy League of Canada. â€" C.P.R. Photo. British-U.S. Union T The Ogdensburg afi^recmcnt waa followed immediately by a sensa- tional move on the part of Bri- tain. Speaking in the House oi Commons, Prime Minister Churc- hill stated that 99-year leases of sea and air bases in Newfound- land, Atlantic Islands (perhaps a reference to Bermuda) and West Indian points had been of- fered to the United States. Next day British foreign office sourc- es confirmed reports that the Un- ited States had lea^sed the Islands of Canton and Enderby (midway between Hawaii and Australia) from Great Britain as air bases. Seeds of the Future These developments gave an impetus to movements in both Great Britain and the United States working for union of the two great powers. Many prophets envisioned a coming world in which five mammoth groups of countries (English, German, Rus- sian, Japanese, Italian) would struggle amongst themselves for trade, combine and re-combine against one another to keep a balance of power. In his same speech to the House Mr. Churchill declared thst Britain sought no advantage for herself from the offer to lease the New World bases, but he did appeal for "timely rein- forcement" of Britain's navy from the United States â€" an ap- parent reference to recent discus- sions of United States' aid in filling gaps in the British fleet with over-age destroyers. A Year of War Reviewing the year of war just coming to a close, Mr. Churchill found the scales heavier on the side of Britain, He acknowledg- ed that a "cataract of disaster" had poured out during the last three months â€" the Netherlands and Belgium conquered, France forced out, Italy in the war against Britain, Somalilnnd gone. But, on the other side, he said, "we have re-armcd and rc-built our armies in a degree which would have been deemed impos- sible a few months ago; our navy is far .stronger than it was at the beginning of the war; our bomb- er and figh;cr strength after all this fighting is larger than it has ever been; our advantuges ani resources are enormous." (Bri- tish casualties in the first year of this war reached 92,000, includ- ing civilians, as against 305,000 army and navy losses in the first year of the last war). Speaking even as three waves of tierinnn bombers roared a- cross Britain's coast, renewing the furious assault of tho Nazi air siege, Mr. Churchill let fall enigmatic words: "We may be suro that Hitler will continue his air attack.s as long as he has the strength and as long as any pro- occupations he may have in re- Women Know Their Flowers tVant a strange flower nam- ed? Call in a woman, not a man. Five women members of the Federated Garden Clubs of New York defeated an ccjual number of men in a "namo»- the-flower" contest at the Gar- dens on Parade exhibit at the World's Fair. Required to give the com- mon name and the Latin name for each of 25 flowers now blooming at the exhibit, the women rolled up 283 points against 169 for the men. For Better Desserts Durham Corn Starch ^'WuO St. lewrMtt Swrck Co. 1>A o;u) spect of the Russian Air Force allow him to do so." (It was be- lieved Mr. Churchill was suggest- ing that Hitler might refuse to send his air force against Britain in a long-sustained campaign for fear its ranks would be decimat- ed, leaving Germany at the mercy of Russia's numerically powerful air force). Victory, Or Stalemate Th%t Hitler would have to achieve a victory over Britain by luid-September or concede a stalemate in the war was the op- inion of Associated Press corres- pondent Kirke L. Simpson who pointed out that within a few weeks bad weather would be the general rule in the North Sea and the English Channel climax- ed by equinoctial storms of un- predictable force and duration. During the week Germany pro- claimed a "total blockade" of the British lales. Included in the blockade were Ireland and all coastal waters anound Ilritain. The area specified began on the French Atlantic coast approxim- ately at the mouth of the Loire, extended right around the Bri- tish Isles to North Scotland and down the British east coast, reaching the Continent again at the coast of Belgium. Eastern Hot-Spots Developments in the Middle East were expected hourly last week. The long-awaited assault on Egypt by Italy was believed not far off, led perhaps by an aerial attempt to conquer Aden, British-held eastern hinge of the gateway to the Bed Sea (British Somaliland constituted the west- ern hinge). Tension in the Balkans also increased with a double-barrelled Axis drive in prospect, Italy to Jump on Greece; Germany to march into Yugoslavia. But be- hind the scenes forces were be- lieved working to prevent such a push towards the Dardanelles and the east. Russia plainly was en- couraging Greece and Turkey to resist an Italian advance through Greece; which might result in Hitler calling Mussolini off be- fore he would take a chance on having to fight Yugoslavia, Tur- key, Greece, Russia and possibly Bulgaria. In order to prevent war break- ing out in Southeastern Europe at this time. Hitler appeared to be exerting pressure on Hungary to accept Rumania's final answrjv with regard to the disposition of Transylvania (King Carol offered to tranfcr some of the Hungar- ians in Transylvania to Hungary and to cede a strip of front ie.' territory). .\nd at the same time, reports were current that an early settlement would be reach- ed between Rumania and Bulgar- ia over the Bulgarian demands on southern Dobruja. China Suffers Three Years The undeclared war between Japan and China entered its third year during the week. In commemoration of its outbreak, General Chiang Kai-Shek deliver- ed a message to the Chinese people which reaffirmed his do- termination to carry on the fight against Japan until "all Chin- ese soil has been freed of the in- vader." Four days later Japanese bombers again attacked the Chin- ese capital Chungking with re- sulting inestimable loss of life â€" at least 25,000 persons were ren- dered homeless as incendiary bombs started uncontrolled fires in a large section of the city. dye bath that will contain enough liquid to cover the garment com- pletely without crowding. Stir with a glass curtain rod. Follow the directions on the dye pack- age implicitly. Rinse in clear water until no trace of color is shown in the water. Dry in clean muslin cloths, taking care that no two thicknesses of dyed material touch. Press on the wrong side under pressing cloth. Danes Curtail Farm Exports Huge Reductions Indicated a* Result of Invasion Curtailment of Denmark's exporta ot foodstuffs due to war stoppage of her fodder Imports was fore- shadowed in a report of the agri- cultural council early in .\ugust. The council estimated that but- ter exports would drop by 100,000 tons, slaughtered pigs from 180,000 to 40,000 tons, egg's from 100,000,- 000 to 21,000,000. HOGS AWAY DOWN Kxports of live pigs will decline from 4,000,000 to 2,000,000 oatUe fi-om 3.300,000 to 2,800,000 and chickens from 12,000,000 to 7,000.- 000. The report said I>enmark must depend exclusively uipon her own harvests to feed her livestock. LIFE'S LIKE THAT By Fred Neher "I'll bet you boys think I'm terrible Italian Shios Are Following Example of Germany's x'«'!8ry,>'SÂ¥ -sssmsss-'^"'^" Since war began the scabcd.s of the world have baen receiving very' frequent visitors â€" scuttled German shipi!. Now Italy is following the ignominious example â€" hero is one of her ships committing suicide off Gib- raltar. REG'LAR FELLERSâ€" A Man's Man By GENE BYRNES