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Farm Problems Conducted by Prof. Henry G. Bell. Dept. of CKemistry, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph Question Box on Fall Wheat 1. Is tlicre any profltublu ufler ef- fect from fertllizera on wheat? Ans. â€" Three years (lemoiistration expcrimontat IcstH condiult'd over the provliico by the Depaitniput of Chem- istry, O.A.C., show uii average In- crease of 11.1 bushels per aire in yield from Mio use of fertilizers. It Is iinlta common to ItnU from 2O0 to 375 lbs. of fertlliziTK used per acre on wheat. It Is an estahllshed faet that the grow- ing crop tal((w lip only iiboiit 50% of the nitrogen and about 8 to 15% plios- phorlc acid applied in fertilizers. It ia therefore apparent that much attdwl plant food must remain in the soil for siicreecling crops. Phosphoric add not used by the wlieat form- combina- tions with lime In .sweet soils, and witli iron and ulumlniim in sour soils. Potash likewise forms combinations with the soil and is lost in only min- ute qnantitles from soils lo which It is applied. Quotations from actual growors il- lustrate common experience. "Where the phosphate and potash was applied last year a stand of red clover and timothy (tollowlnj; wheat) Is much heavier. Valuing the whole field at 10, I would rate the crops on the different fertilized plots at 13 and 14."â€" \V. C. B.â€" Gait. "The demonstration field was seed- ed to clover and timothy. It is a good stand. You can plainly see whore the fertilizer was sown." (in 1931). â€" G. deM., Woodstock "Fertilized plots of last year were seeded lo red clover. There is a marked dilterenco where no fertilizer was u.sed; not so thick and not so good a growth."â€" A. E. D., Tilbury. "Karly this spring the plots could be picked out of the field. The grass started to grow at least a week sooner than the rest of the field and had a much darker colour. Since the cattle were turned out thoy seem to prefer the plots that were fertilized, for there Is usually some of them grazing there."â€" K. H., Milton. Actual investigations by this de- partment sliow the effects of fertilizer to continue for at least three years. 2. Is there danger of burning wheat when fertilizer is used? Ans. â€" When a fertilizer Is appliel through the grain drill attachment It Is scattered through the soil at a depth at which the wheat seed is sown. The ordinary fertilizers sown at prevailing rates of 200 to 400 lbs. per acre certainly cannot injure the sprouting grain. At the rates quoted thin wouUl be about %S at. lo I 1-3 oc per .square yard, which would not pro- vide enough fertilizer near the seed to Injure it In any way. If double or triple strength fertilizer is used, how- ever, greater care mus be taken In the distribution, since this stronger fertillzor falling near the seed may tend lo draw the nioi.sture out of I lie seed and thereby injure It. Of course, double strength fertilizer is sown in smaller amounts, 3. Will fertilizers prevent winter killing? Ans. â€" Additional plant food either in manure or fertilizers gives added strength to any growing crop. Inas- much a.s the fertilized crop has this additional strength it can more suc- cessfully resist bad growing condi- tions. Winter killing is largely the result of a heaving of the plants out of the Kround. This Is due to freezing and tliuwing. If the wheat field is i>oorly drained the freezing of fhe water will usually heave the wheat and clover plants out of the ground, causing con- siderable winter killing. Necessarily, the addition of fertilizers will aot pre- vent such action. Many wheat grow- ers have expressed their opinion ou the effect of fertilizrs in combating winter killing throughout the past two years. Out of 73 inquiries sent -o wheat growers, 48 have reported that the fertilized wheat came thr agh bet- ter than the unfertilized. The follow- ing are typical replies: "Would say that all plots wintered well. The fertilized plots show stronger growth," â€" T. McK., Pt. Rob- inson. "The fertilized wheat wintered In splendid shape but the plots undertll- Ized are in poor shape and badly win- ter killed."â€" T. J. W., I^akefleld. "Where I sowed fertilizer the wheat did not kill at all, but where there was no fertilizer you can see right to a row where it winter killed." â€" O. D., Pt. Hone. "The unfertilized wheat is very thin and short and has a bad colour. Those cold, dry winds seem to do more dam- age to the unfertilized wheat."â€" T. h., Zuricli. "The sections of fertillzud grain are growing as are the unfertilized, but the strength and thickness of stand and the degree of healthy green color of the grain Is very pronounced in favour of the fertilized. As you cross the rows you can see at once when you are ou the fertilized grain and when not."â€" W. B. N., Peterboro. Open Sezison For Partridge In Ontario is Promised Fort William. â€" An open season for partridge in Ontario this Fall was pro- mised by lion. George H. Challles, Provincial Secretary and Minister of Game and Fisheries, at a meeting of the Tliuiider Hay Fish and Game Pro- tective Association here. Mr. Challies said the dates and length of the sea- son for shootins the birds, which have been under a protective act for some seasons, had yet to be decided. The minister made another an- noilncement of Importance to the North when he state<l he would recom- mend to the Cabinet Council the aboli- tion of restrictions on fishing in the Nipigou River as applied to rosklonta of the province, making It open to all, tho same as other streams. At pres.'nt a 110 license fee Is charged for two weeks' privileges for aliens and |5 for residents. Mr. Challles said that with the dorl on rearing ponds In operation It would be no longer necessary to restrict the fishing in tlie Nipigon, which was the principal reason for the fee. He fur- ther stated that the Government would supplement work of the fish ar.d game association In placing Hungarl an partridge on the wild lands of the district. A number of parent blrdf wer-i placed last Fall and excellent batches are reported. Swarm of Frogs Gives Illusion Road is Moving Vancouver, Wash. â€" Hundreds of thousands of tiny froga invaded Van- couver recently. Motorists on the Evergreen Highway said the frogs were so thick over some sections as to give the Illusion that tho road was In motion. When the Invasion began thousands of frogs left the river and headed for Vancouver Darracks, where they cov- ered lawns, sidewalks and roads. Some of the streets In the downtown Bectlon were reached and the migra- tion extended two miles east. The frogs travel in waves or "herds." The only explanation advanced la that river and water conditions this aeason are exc«ptionably favorable for fpawnlng. • * 163 Centenarians Found in Dominion Ottawa.â€" There are lfi3 centenarians In Canada, of whom 8t» are women and 74 men, according to census figures Issued recently. Fifty live In Ontario. 26 In Nova Scotia, 22 in Quebec, 15 In Manltoha, 15 in British Columbia, 12 In Saskatchewan, 10 In Alberta, 7 In Prince Ed'vard Island, 7 in New Uruns- wick and none In the Yukon or the Northwest Territories. Mail to be Delivered By Air to Far North Edmonton, Alta. â€" What Is believed to be the first step towar. the estab liahment of permanent post offices in the Northwest Torrltorits is indicated In the last Issue of the Post Office Bulletin, which announces the estab- lishment of a mail service to the far north, Including points in Great Bear Lake. At present the aviators plying between McMurray at the end of the railway and the non-post ofilce points in the far north have been acting as mall carriers. Under the new arrangement the nine different settlements on Great Bear Lalre where the prospectors are now staking claims and mining radium pitchblende will receive mail regular- ly via the air route, aa planes are oper- ating almost dally to tbU point. Non-Transparent Dress Is Edict for Teachers Beauce Junction, Quebec â€" School teachers here must wear modest cos- tumes of non-transparent material, buttoned to the neck with sleeves to the wrist and the skirt not higher than eight Inches from the ground, decrees a resolution passed by Beauce Junction School Commission. The commission voted to continue the pre.sent salary rate for female school teachers of |225 per annum. World Conference May Be Held Early January Ottawa. â€" The Imperial Economic Conforeuce an assured success, eyes of British economic experts gathered here are already turning to the World Economic Conference In London. While no data la set It is expected that this will be convened as soon af- ter the United States presidential elec- tion aa Is practical, late November at the earliest, but more likely immedi- ately after tho Now Year. It is con- sidered that what has been accom- plished in Ottawa gives a distinct and timely lead to world economic co- operation. â€" -♦ - - Grass Strips to Check Fi.es And Pasture Cattle Tallahassee, Pla. â€" Carpet grass Is the newest weapon to be employed by the Florida Forest Service in forost- flre fighting. Plowed fire breaks, forty feet wide and four to six milee long, will be planted to carpet grass, which win be used as grazing for cat- tle and protection against the spread of fires. These carpet grass strips also will bound and quarter a section of land. READY FOR THE WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP SWIMMINQ MARATHON AT THE CANADIAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION AUG. 31st The seven men shown above should all finish within the money. No. 1 is Isadore Spondor, now of Toronto, but formerly of Port Colborne, who has been a colorful figure In previous years: No. 2â€" George Young, Toronto, winner last year and also winner of tha famous Catallna Island swim In which he was the only contestant to finish; No. 3â€" Warren Anderson, a powerful fellow from Sydney, N.S.; No. 4 â€" Gianni Gambi, holder of many Italian records and winner of the 3-mile Men's Invitation Swim last year; No. 5â€" Georga Blagden Memphis, Tenn., who has made a good showing ia former years; No. 6â€" Milton Potts of London, Ont., who Is regarded as a strong contender; No. 7â€" Marvin Nelson of Fort Dodge, Iowa, winner in 1930, and holder of the record for the 15-mlle course. German Notes Because little Willie let the porridge boil over 5,000 years ago, Prof. Jo- hannes Grucss is now able to deter- mine what the boy and his parents had for breakfast in the Stone Age. For on some pottery dating from that time, and found at Herkheim near Noerdlingen, traces of a certain kind of grain were discovered together with spl'nters of charcoal. From this has been deduced that the Stone Age people ground the corn, which they seem to have brought with them fro.ii Asia, and made porridge of it whioh was boiled in pots placed in a charcoal fire. Small causes of* times have great effects, the Germans say. Little Willie certainly never dreamed that the por- ridge he let burn, and for which he no doubt leceived a spanking, would occupy bearded professors in the ago of airplanes and television. QUAINTNESS IN NAMES. Curious names surround Berlin. There is a forest called "Heaven" and H old monastery christened "Para- dise," a hamlet "Look-around" and a village "Since-when." A forest "Dance- hall" and a hamlet "Prettychimney." Some of the littl3 hills must hive been christened by a chef de cuisine. There are the "Bread Baking Oven Hills," the "Butter Hills" â€" and the 'Sauer- kraut Hills." Hurrying jieople trav- eling by car or train will probably never find them, but the patient hiker discovers many such quaint places with surprise and amusement. GUIDEBOOKS GO LITERARY. What better guidebook could be written than a description of the country by its best authors? Convinc- ed that there is no happier metht>d of interpretation the Literarische Welt, a literary weekly, invited some o' Germany's greatest writers to con- :bute. It styled its compilation of essays "a lesson in seeing deeper and better with the poet's aid." Thomas Mann, one of the world's best known writers, tells of a spot northeast of Munich where he spends much of his time. "It is not a forest, and not a park, it is a fairy garden," he writes. "The wilderness is penetrated by erissercss paths. Just strips of flat- tei.ed grass or grave' ruts, obviously not artificially made but created by walking on them, without one's know- ing who did it. That Bauschan (his dog) and I shoild meet a man on tl.em is a bewildering exception and my companion halts full of astonish- ment on such occasions and merely lets out one deep 'whoof which comes pretty close to expressing my own feelings toward such an incident." Ricarda Huch, one of Germany's prominent women writers, depicts one of those sturdy medieval German cities. "Of all towr in Wesphalia, Muenster is the noblest, indeed, in all of Germany none Equals it in this respect." The armor walls and tur- rets it has cast off. But the 'home gown' the town now wears still shows resemblance to an armor; its cut is severe and its jewels do not force themselves on the visitor." FREE RIDES TO MARKET. By motorcar to market may be a common thing in motorized countries such as the United States, but it was a luxury in Germany until recently. And it might have remained so for quite a long time had not an enter- prising market hall niana'jement evolved an ingenious idea. It sent out little letters to the hou.sewives in the neighborhood informing them that private cars would be placed at their disposal to take them, to the market. And now every morning happy house- wives are riding in luxurious limou- sines to buy apples and pears. All of a sudden, the distance to market has become much too short. But the eager- ness to buy has doubtless multiplied. And the kind and clever thought as well as the money invested in gaso- line appears to be bearing rich fruit as sales of fruit and sausage increase. TELEPHONE TECHNIQUE. If a loud jhout of "Xantippe, Ypsilon, Zacharias" issues from a telephone boot in Berlin, visitors nejd not be alarmed. For it will be neither a college yell nor an election catch- phrase. It will be merely a humble telephone user following the printed instructions which tell him how to get his numberâ€" under difficulties. The use of "key words" for letters which are not readily understood over the telephone is a practice which endures in most countries. But the thought- ful Reichpost, which controls the tele- phone system in Germany, provides two sets. If one desires to speak to Miss C. Smith in a nearby city and the operator does no understand the name, one explain "C as in Caesar, S-amuel, M-arie, I-da, T-heodor, H-einrich." But if Miss Smith hap- pens to iive in another country so that a long distance call is required, a dif- ferent series of key words is provided. For the benefit of the operator it is now spelled: "C as in Casablanca, S-antiago, M-adagascar, I-talia, T-ripoli, H-avana." But even then one may not get the right connection â€" not if the young lady's name hap- pens to be Catherine. For the "rules of speech" in the telephone book on'y THE FAMILY ALBUMâ€" THE MORNING PAPER By GLUYAS WILLIAMS UllLUAfld 60E5 To POOR Tb BR1H6 IN M0RN1H6 PPPSR SfOWlS BPiCK INTO HOUSE Ml)TreRIM6 HE Wishes -Wftt bov would brins the fyhper on Time MILOREP CfU^ FROM UP- SYftlRS IS HE LOOKINS R>R THE PAPER, BECRUSE SHE BR006HT triN A UTtlE WHILE A60 RlWS UPSTAIRS TO &£f rr, MltPRED REP0RriK6 MCffriER HAS IT UJOKlNS UP SJ66E5fiONS FOR PIN>/ER -Ry-NlfeHT PASHES POWN "15 KirCH- 6H00ti> TJ) WluFRED WHO EM, WHERE WlfE 6 BR1JSHIK6 HIS TtETH 5AV15 Wilfred has it aw who answers r.«\TH- H»W ER UNlNrELLlGBLV \T>5 ' M THE UVlNS ROOM 6RAB5 PAPER FROM TOP OF PiftMO, ANP5CANS HEADLINES WHILE 6£ff':Hb INTO HAT AND COAT FiMPS IT WAS VESfER- PAYS PAPER ME 60T HOLD OF AND LEAVES IN PlS6l5Sr FOR OFFicE show one alternative. It's "K, as ia Katharina."â€" The Christian Science Monitor. .J 300-Mile Sand Hills Found in C. Australia Adelaide, S. Aus. â€" Sand hills like gigantic furrows, each 300 miles long, were among the discoveries made by Dr. Cecil T. Madigan in Central Aus- tralia, according to records recently presented to the South Australia branch of the Royal Geographical Society. Mr. Madigan in the course of his expeditions has added 20,000 square miles to the map ot Australia, these records show. The most notable of Mr. Madigan'a expeditions was that undertaken ia 1929 when he explored the great des- ert in the heart ot the continent by airplane. The actual area ot the des- ert Is about 28,000 square miles â€" big-| ger than Tasmania or Ceylon â€" but nearly a quarter ot it had been unex- plored before Mr. Madigan's memor- able flight, which was the most e.xten- sive yet made in the world outside tha polar regions. This area has been named the Simp- son Desert in recognition ot the great financial assistance given by the then president of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia, Mr. Alan A. Simp- son. Up till now the expedition 10 Central Australia has not resulted ia the discovery of anything ot economic value, but interesting scientiflc finds have been made. On the return jour- ney Mr. Madigan proved that "Lake" Eyre is mostly solid land, with a slight coating of salt, instead ot a salt swamp as more cautious observers had imag- ined tor more than halt a century. Glider Lands Itself As The Pilot Jumps Wiesbaden. â€" Herr Pisse, a pilot ot the flying school in Aachen, may be- come the first member ot the Cater- pillar Club to have made an escapa from a glider plane. On a recent flight in his glider Cumulus he was seized by rising air currents and driven rapidly to an altitude ot S.OOO feet, where the plane capsized. He tell out of the pilot's seat, but made a sate lauding with a parachute. Much to the amazement of the crowd watching the accident, tb» plane came circling down and made a perfect landing without anybody at the controls. Spanish Women Pay Amnion) Madrid.â€" One ot the most amusins aspects ot the new Spanish divorca law is that women must pay alimony to their ex-husbands it the latter ob- tain the divorce. This presumes an equality ot sexes which the new r»- gime desires to attain but which cer- tainly does not exist at present. -â€" ^. â€" s !^ He â€" "Where did you learn to dive?" She â€" "In divers places."