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X MEDICINE AND ITS OUTLOOK Rapid Review of Advances in Medical Science as Given I by W. McKim Marriott, ' M.D., -in Current ! -Worlds Work" Adran-oe^ In medical science do not come as tlve result of i6olated bi-tUiant "dl«ooverte«," but tlircmgh a slow pro- cess In which many workers of neces- ! elty takie part, each contrllmtmg some \ essential observation. Th& notablie acb'ievermejit of to-day may be \)c»- slble onily because of the controlled 8cl«ntiflc obe&rvations of a past gen- eration. Medical scl^ence has as its basis ch«n)l6ti')^ physics, and biolcgy, and consists In the appUcatioa to the human body of the facta established through investigation in these sciences. It is in th'ls way that the problems of dioeesie are solved. Many of these problems am now near- log solution and although l>t ls< impos- sible to predict which pieces of In- â-¼estigcttion now, under way will be cormpteted in the near future, It Is pos- sible to indicate the general lines of endeavor and the naiture of the pro- grass which may ba expected. Body Structure The gross structure of the human body is no^v w&ll understood, but the finer structure of the cells and the nature of the Ufa ptx)o»s3es occurlos within th€'ra Is tessi completely under- stood. Recent, advances in our knowl- olgia concerning the nature of matter In gicTjsrail and partioularly the elec- tronic structure of aitoms' and mole- cules hav3 provided iirew Hi'Sithc-ds for attaclting the problem oif the nature of t4)e cell, wiiich is the basis of the living body. The individual csli Isi now seen as a compLatie physilcar chemical sy&lem in unstable ecinUl- ! brium, aCect^d by a variety of lnflu-| ©nces, and capabi'.e of afteoting other cells by m.?an.s ct products elaborated â- wUhln ItS'sJf and carried to distant parts of the body. This cond'ltions in- fluencing c'sUuIar action are becom- ing known and ths ppcduotsof cellular activity ere being isolated and id2'a.ti- ficd. Parhivpj tbj mast 9i>ectaeular re- sult cf investigation of this type has Icen tlw liniing tliat t'he dlseajsa dia- betes may hi concrolled by a cellular product "ini'.iliu." A nramberof simi'Jar substances hav^ been ideutifled and a.t loa&t one has bcon produced artificial- ly; inc'vo will un-lsubtedly 1)3 iscCatad la the near fulupe. In tliese cell re- gulatcr?'. o-r "hK-inouc^," \va have ; DJcvl •?S:oUve m.-ana of controJIing ti... Iuncticr.3 cf tiio body almost at will. Bacteriology In tho study of the llvinig organism we are ccn-^tantily conitrontetl with the tnfluence of pariisltic oelte, or bacteriia, wtu>se life prooe&ses ane similar to those of body ceJls and whoaa actinrl- ties are at times sailutary and at others d9trl.me.ntal to the hos'L The science of bacb£irk>logy Is now ocnceroed more with 'the life pi-ooeias.w of bact- eria and th.e nature of the s.Lruggl2. !;.> twC'Sn parasite 3nd ho«t than with tl:e description of r.cw njl.cro-organisraa,. Certaioly most of tha ba.obe'ria capaWe «rf producing diseasi? have been Ide.Qli- fled and described; an occasicnai ni3w «crm may -he disicovered and doDbt- •kts important observations wi!ul ba made conoz.ming the nature cf the so- oall.C'd "Hltrable virus.e3," living mat- ter acting libe bacteria but far smol- •w in s.:»3. Tbt* n;o-'t s.!.gniftcaat advances, how- ever, WLil be mada in additloiia t» our know^Jdg3 cf the mode of action cf bacteria a.n'd tlie effective meun* of de- 1 feoKS again, 't tliese. invBid.ars. Bacteria bring about tb3ir effects through the ciabora.ticn of pc./scnous saibs.tance.s known aa "toxins." Body ce'lla, on this ' cUtor hand, f-x^duco "antibodies'" cap- j «ble of reiid.C'.:ai« inert the baoberiafl tatiuf3 and of destroying invading ! bacteria. It is the gciad of chemilsitry I â- ltd of bactciriclogy to deljermlne t3ie ' precise nature of toxins and antibodies ' uid to r-Toduce in .the laboratory means of dc'renr.3 agaius't baoberia which, will wipplemeut the activity of the body oel'ls. Thiijugili a study of the products of haoterial growth and tUe ireaotlon of body cells there wtil be evolvied methods for the ppeveatloa and cure of the vairious loi£e«tlou» disieaaee whkjh may prove as efBactlve as those now used agialnst dlphtbteo-la. Praoti- cally every hactertei disease from â- OBirlet tever aol pnieumoul» to the ordinary "cold In the head," Is now he- lag attacked and each year win see the development of some oeiw means of de> tense ecaloBt the InTOidiliig army of bMAeria. Study of Cancer The new<6ir knowitod^e wliloh. bas been obtetned nejwdlng the nature of wHa Is Jead1n« us meaipeir to the solu- 'tloo of ithe pflroWem oif oaaoeir, for caor |Cer le menely disordered coU growth. |Tb«TO la .probably no ahxgle cause of «Mwer. Numorove factors may dilaturb jciiie equUlbrhim of celto tad atafi itSMm <m a career at xuncontiroiUed jacWTlty â€" chemioak and phrslcal jacpebtaK bactnrt ixovrvoiete imfjritloa â€" , any or an of these CMor be faotore. A I oura tor oaooer wHl be fiouad In m«ith- l<Mto ct re«»t«bVWitec oonnal oeU iVquMlbrium and effloiia In that dir«c- tloa aire now uoder wmy. SttrBwy B« a mecbaukal art has ^ched a hl«b degree of perfection. .Bvwy pant of the body, InobidlUK wen we brain and Intirtier of tba taeait, haa been wiooeasfuJiy a4iaoked. Varloua •inioturea and even whole organs taare been tranapJanted. Minor technical limTovementB l-.i surgwy wiU be made, bi:.t the Tiicst tmfortent developments wui be la the v*»TeniioB ot oondHlona making eurgery neoesaary. Methods for t3te control of bacterial lafactlons ' and the d«vek>pmenit of an effective treatment for cancer would diminish by ait ileaet one h'alf the number of necessary major surgJcal operabions. The problem of wound healing Is now claiimlng tlie abbentton of surgeous and it seems llkoly .that as a result of investigations now in progress means will be fouud for spcedlag up the p^rc- oosis.es of repair in the body, Broken bones will be made to heial more rapid- ly and the period of disability follow- ing injury or surgical operations wUl be correspondingly shortened. Obstetrics Great advanoes have been made in the Held of obebetrics, but the bearing of children shou'ld still be cla8s.ed among the dangerous occupations. Much work remains to be done con- cerning the relation of the unborn baby to the heaJith of the mother and the influence ol the mother's condi- tion on tlie development and health of th elnfaat. Ohlldbirth Is' not as yet a palniless pirooess and deforming im- juries bo the baby occurring at the time ot birth are all boo frequent. Haip- pily, means tor the solution of some of these difficulties are already at our disposed and otheirs are in process of development. Rapid advances in the field of menibai and nervous diseasies aire bing made as a resnlt of increased knowledge con- cerning the natuire and. activities of nerve celils^ We miay perhaps look for- waird to the est'ablls'hment ot a physi- cal basis of insanity and a chemioal basis for the influence of the mind on bodily fiunctions. Keep Well The most important practical ap- pH'cajtlona of the development of mimi- cal science lie in the field, of preven- tive medicine anid pubdlc health. BpilemiCiS are no longer considered vlsltationa of an avenging providence, but as prevenitable accidents. Tbe plhyisiician of the fntuire will sipendi more time in treating those few who suc- sumb to injury and to maoterlai Infec- tion. The veil of secrecy which has shTou.Ied mediciua in the past is be- ing rent apart. Education in health is as'snming aa impcrt'ance aa great as that of the traditioniaJ, "three R's," and as a result the future will possess the bles.siugs of heailth, happiness, and increassd efficiency for 'thousands wno V . uld ctdierwlse succum to prevent- clo diseases. SPORTS MONEY Not So "Easy Go" With Pros Now Says Writer The younger generation in profes- sional ta.hletlcs like the younger gen- eration In everything else is wiser than the old. That is tlie opinion of W. O. Mo- GeeUan. famous New York sport writ- er, wlio <ontribute9 an article to the July issue of "Vanity Fair Mazazine." The presint crop of young pros in all branches of sport, concludes Mr. Mc- Geehan, after watching the old-time stars end their days as E.lght-wa.tcii- men, trainers and what-not, have firm- ly grasped their earning power by the horns with no easing up tor siprees and high diving, even though they real- iia that thrifty athleteis are not popu- lar. He continues in "Vanity F^ir," "The younger generation of baiU players have not the romantic ideal of their elders. .Wi'th most of bhem It is a business an.d quite as prosaic as any business. They have learned from watching the old gentlemen who are spending their reclining years watch- ing the grass grow on the infield of Polo Grounds. They can imagine uothing more futile than watchlng'the grass grow In a ball park or watching anything else about a ball park when 'thelT dogs go back on tbem' which Is a baeebaJd player's wiamlnig that he must prepare to get his money out of something less arduoue." According to Mr. McGeehan even the prodigal Mr. Ruth now has some $30,000 In the baidc, while as for Ty Cobb, he la rated as a millionaire in tile sporting Bradstreets. "In the cauliflower branch of the businesai of professional sport," con- tinuee Mr. McGeehan, "the modem athletes aie developing both the bued- nees and the kUler instinct to such an extent that the time la not far dis- tant when the business sense will be overdeveloiped. Th growing opinion is that th time already has airrlved. Benny L,eonard, who resigned the llj^twelighit title has without any evi- dence ot parelmony managed to save about a half miWion 8tit of his eam- Inge. Harry Wills who left a steady Job as a stevedore to become the 'black menace of .the Caucasian sup- remacy la the prize-ring' and net much of a menace as it turned out Is about half a miU.ion'ke." Aa for golf, concltutesi the famous 0Porta wrfter, you heair neither of great waaltlx nor of greet poverty In connectioa with ppoteeeional godfer*. perti&pa because tihe base of the pro- feaaktt to Scotch, ^Wlth the growing popularity of golf, their financial op- portumlttea wMl become enhanced. You may yet hear ot a millionaire golf pro^ feeslooail In the United States. I doubt tt you wUl ever hear of a goff profenlonal being burled In one of these 'unmarked pautpers yraves.' FARM NOTES Uses for Rape and Kale Because of the fact that both rape and kale may be planted profitably quite laite in the si:)rlng they arc often recommended as aids in eradicating weeds. In a pamphlet of the Do- minion Department of Agriculture the writer adviecs early ploughing and cultivation until towards midsummer which in itself resuilts in the destruc- tion of large numbers of weeds. The rape or kale may tbea be sown and as they soon cover the ground, fur- ther growth of weeds will largely be prevented by shading. The rai>e or kale can laser be used as a pasture for sheep, swine or\ cattle, and they cons'titute a satisfactory free range food for most kinds of poultry. In- stead of being user as pasitura these crops may be cut green and fed direct- ly to the auimails. How to Make Lime-water for Preserving Eggs Lime water is strongly recommend- ed aS' a preservative for the putting down of eggs tor winter cookery, by Dr. F. T. Shutt, Dominion Chemist, in a circular on the household preserva- tion of eggs, distributed by the Pub- lications Branch, DepaJrtmentJ of Agriculture, Ottawa. The lime water is prepared by Sf^ck Ing freshly burnt quick-lime, thinning with water to the consistency of cream, then further diluting with con- stant stirring to the desired volume, when the mixture will consis.t of one pound of quiok-Iime to five gallons of water. Perfectly fresh eggs in a suitable receptacle are covered with the lime-water and stored in a cool place. They should not be taken out of the solution until ready for use. Even although, howover, lime-water Is a first class preservative for eggs a certain deterioration will inevitably take place. Nothing has been discov- ered that will fully retain the fine flavor of the new-laid egg. Securing Good Seed for Next Year Now is the time to take steps to , secure good s.5.ed for next year, states ' Mr. P. R. Cowan, cereaJist at the Ceu- ' tral Experimental Farm. The best' part of a wheat, oats or barley field' should be staked off to be harvester separately. Any heads that are oft type, weak or diseased beads, other cultivated, plants and noxious weeds should be pulled, going over the plot at least three times until it is clean. ' Before harvesting a strip should be' cut around the plot to facilitate a! separate harveeting. The binder must be thoroughly clean before the cut- 1 ting and the plot stooked and thresh- ed by itself. The thresher must be' abosilutely clean, and the seed plot! threshed Into clean bags. If the grain I Is not dry the bags should be only | partially filled and not too many piled j together. The bags should be turned ! over dally until the grain is dry. E^arly I In the winter the seed should be ' thoroughly cleaned using a scrupulous- LAST OF THE SIX HUNDRED Another Survivor of Balaklava Joins Hia Comradea *<] Smart silk and wool outfit in sub- dued tones for street or travel. ly clean fanning machine and clean bags. Milking Machines A great deal of experimental work on milking machines has been done at the Central Experimental Farm, and the results have been summed up In the lates* refport of the Dominion Animal Husbandman. He states that a high standard of mechanical effici- ency has been reached in these ma- chines. The better class of them prop- erly Installed, lutelligoutly operated and kept in repair, and thoroughly cleaned after each n: liking will give good results'. The mosit important fac- tor In the successful use of a milking machine is an Intelligent oi>erator. The claim tliat any child can operate a machine is false and has done a great deal of harm. The operator musit be something of a mechanic and at the same time a good herdsman and liave an appreciation of the part that bacteria play in milk spoilage. Special attention must be paid to de- tail together with grreat care in clean- ing from a bacteriological rather than a vlsilble-dlrt standpoint. The milking- machine, unless properly handled, is a prolific source of bacteria in milk and therefore exacts considerable time and expeuso, in its care and upkeep, and unless the farmer is ready to exercise this care he had better get along with- out one. Another "last survivor" of the Charge of the Light Brigado at Bala- klava has gone to join his comrades )f the Six Hundred. , NIncty-.seven years of age, but trim and eroct to tho and. Sergeant Major Edwin Hughes i lied in Blackpool, England, the other i day. From time to timo other "last ; â- iurvlvors" of the famous Six Hundred iinve passed on: but Hughes's claim has, it is said, been borne out by the official records. In the "Valley of^oath," made fa- mous by Tennyson's poem, Sergeant Major Hughes had bis horse shot un- der him and was burled to the ground b,adly hurt. Despite his in- jury, he was able to seize a cliarger and join In the pathetically brave re- treat. Ho fought again at Inkerman, but the Light Brigade as a collective force was no more; it had been shat- tered In that twenty-five minutes of terrific peril when it hurled itself, in blind fealty to orders, upon the Rus- sian host. I "Some one had blundered," wrote | Tennyson, and he wrote truly. Six i hundred and .seventy-five men were thrown against thousands, while from tho hillsides behind thom their com- i rades and the French watched them go to suro destnictlon. Not a man of the Light Brigade wavered when Lord Cardigan raised his sword aloft. Responsibility Still Unfixed. The question of responsibility for the charge has not been fully settled to this day. For years after the Bri- tish expeditionary force had returned j from the Crimea military circles were . split over the problem. But the men of the Light Brigade were heroes. The country was stirred to Its depths by their great adventure. The tail of the chestnut horse on which Cardl- I gan led the charge was literally ! plucked bare by the frenzied crowd j when he returned to London. The British and French were In- I vesting Sebastopol on the Crimean 'peninsula on Oct. 25, 1S54, when the Russian foe sent out a reconnoissanco in force, directed toward Lord Rag- lan's headquarters in tho town of Balaklava. At once the allies mus- tered their forces to repel tho as- • sault. On one side of tho Valley of Balaklava rose tho Causeway Heights and on the other the Fedioukine Hills. Driving forward with a mass of 22,000 i cavalry and more than seventy guns, i the Russians drove the Turks from the redoubts on Causeway Heights I and also occupied tho Fedioukine I Hills across the valley. The Russian horse, sweeping up the valley Itself, I descended on Sir Colin Campbell's Ninety-third Highlanders, drawn up only two deep. ! There the historic phrase "the thin ' red line" was born. The Cossacks reeled back before tho Highlanders' fire and the Heavy Brigade charged, driving the Russian horse back down the valley to the shelter of a battery of guns. Meantime, the Light Bri- gade had been awaiting its orders at the other end of tho valley. No Attempt to Warn Ccnntander. The orders came to Lord Lucaa,' head of the Cavalry Brigade, fron Major Gen. Airy, asking that the Rus- sians be driven from the Turkish bat- teries on Causeway Heights. TheM! order.^ were transmitted to Lord Car- dlKan, commanding the Light Bri- gade. But Cardigan could see noth- ing from where ho was and lod the charge straight down the valley In-- stead of to tho right. Lord Lucan,' who must have seen the error, made' no attempt to warn Cardigan, and! Captain Nolan, aide-do-camp to Gen- eral Airy, was shot in tho act of at-, tempting to wheel the brigade, hlsl horse galloping oft with its rider deadi in the saddle. It was a mile and a quarter of levell ground, with the Russians on thho heights on both flanks and the Cos- sacks drawn up behind tho guns la front. No more hopeless and no braver charge was ever made In his- tory. The troopers dropped by scores.' A final blast was hurled into the Light Brigade's ranks when the on- coming men were only eighty yards from the battery. Fifty or sixty men alone remained in the fir.it line when Lonl Cardigan spurred his churfTor In among tho guns. The gunners fought among tho limbers wiUi their ram- rods, warding off the blows of the sabres. Meanwhile, tho i;econd line of the Light Brigade, led by Lord Ot-orge Paget, had v.hlrlcd ovor the guns and was flghting desperately with the Cos- sacks. Heading a section of twenty men. Colonel Mayow flung himrelf ni> on the whole Cossack cavalry and actually drove them back before he saw the futility of further attack and sounded the retreat. On the hillsides where tho British and French forces were grouped, con- sternation reigned. Two thin lines ol cavalry were flinging themselves against a host. "Those who saw tho Russian bat- talions, squadrons and !;uns disposed in the valley in front ot the LiBht Cavalry could scarcely belle vo tholr, eyes when they saw the brigade movo forward and presently brnak into a charge of which the pace, quickening every moment, carried Iheni into the smoke of tbe guns and ct the rolling musketry which opened at (uiio ou them," wrote William RuEBell, the war correspondent, who was an eyowit- neas of tho charge. "Tho lines of horsemen liad a per- ceptible interval between thom as they vanished into the war cloud; but ore the impetuous flood Bwcpt over tho plain, tho specks which speedily dropped behind in their courao â€" dead and dying man and horseâ€" told the story of the desperate adventure." Bravely rallying all that was left et tho Light Brigade, Lord George IT-KOt led them back up the valley. This timo they had to face only tbo Are from tlie Causeway Heights, as tho Chasseurs d'Afrique had stormotl tho Fedioukine Hills and driven tho Rus- sians there into retreat. No otlsor support was furnished to the Li^;h^ Brigade during the action. The Light Brigade nowâ€" 'not the Si.x Hundroa" â€"drew itself singly and in groups out ot tho nieloe and back to the protec-- tion ot tho allied forces. Ready to Go Again!" Lord Cardigan called the ro'.i in a hollow behind a hill Sl.x liundro:! and sevoutythroe men .'iiid lionic;-. had been hurled nio the jaws of death. In all 127 men had been kilhid r.nd 101 wounded. SeveiUy-threg roni.'-.inL-d as prisoners in tho ll\ii<fians' hands. Four hundred and Kevonlyllvo horces had fallen in the char,:;;'. "Men," Lord Cardigan told tiiom, •it was a mad-brained trick, but it io no fault of mine!" Spent and weary as they were, the troopers ot tho Light Brgado wore not done yet. "Never niind," rose the cry, "we're ready to go again!" Beats the Milkman. A local man has discovered a meth- od of getting to work early oach morning Ho has made arr.^ngementa with his daughter to call him when she comes in.â€" Alva (Okla.) Record. Trained Setters. "Where were you boys when I call- ed for you to help mo an hour ago" asked Farmer Jones at the supper table. "I was In the barn settln' a hen," said one. "And I was In tho loft settln' a saw," anawersd another. "I was' in grandma's room settln' tho clock" camo from tho third boy. "1 was up in the pantry settln' a trap," said the fourth. "You're a fine set!" remarked the farmer. "And whero were you" ho asked, turning to the youngest. "1 was on the doorstep settln' still!" was tho reply.â€" The Outlool:. Must Be An Eeel. One Lldardrenussvfdllzlmarlt gold- fish to sell. K. C. Bird Store Co., 1421 Main Stâ€" Kansas City Star. LINDBERGH ReQejVJBi5 fiOLn ».'.;j.wAY When Col. Charles A. Llijborgh In which he made his wonderful night In black enamel on a f^heot of Cana visited Ottawa on the occasion oi,. "cross the Atlantur, the intrepid air- ' dian gold, mined in Canada. Canada's celebration of the Diamond man wn.'J greeted at th? field by Sir | Tho pliotographs show: Top, Col. Jubilee of C'ontederatlon ho was ten- i Henry W. Thornton, K.B.E., Chair- Lin(!bpr;;h beside his monoplane as dered an enthusiastic welcome by tho ' man and President of the Can.idian ho arrived .nt "Lindbergh Field," Ot- thousauds of Canadians who crowded the flying field and Parliament Hill for the celebration. On his arrival In the monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" National Uallways, and was presented tawa; lower, left, tho sold pass which with a lite pass, good on Canudian was prcseuled to "LIndy" by Sir National lines in Canada. | Henry Thornton, wh:> iii shown on the This pass Is handsomely engraved right making tho prcscutatioa. Petty ThUft. "He's stolen hugs and uisses from me." "Potty thlot."