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.UL. DOES YOUR JELLY ALWAYS JELL? BY MARY HAMILTON TALBOT. PradJce Rigid Culling. Many women are not succassful nwiterlal has b«?«n 8poil«d through us- Joliy makers because they have a in(f too much sujrar than from ail "rule o' thumb" which they follow for other causes combined. «U fruit juicea. The result is fre-[ how much suoar? quent failure. The work of ecientists j The proper proportion of sugar to with the t«et tube has taken uncer- Juice by volunw varies. Thnje-quarters teinty out of jelly making. And. too.'aa much suffar as juice is necessary i„^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^j,j^^ ^, rearing they have made it possible for the for fruiU |ow in P«!""^ "I)^** ^<J°^^ ^ and increases the intensive conditions 'dar^ns, crab «"*»«> range, bringing about a greater I danger of contamination. ! Rigid culling should involve the In culling the pallefa on the rangfe, one should ellminat* an4 sell for broi^ Economy is always in order. There lens or fryws any pullets which are is no more economic procedure for the extremely slow in maturing, which average poultry raiser during the' ghow Uck of size and vigor, which are next few months than to pratUoe rigid , crippled and deformed, or which show culling among his birds. undesirable breed traiU. Such birds The carrying of nonproductive hens \ will never miike profitable layers or increasaa the cost of producing a dozen | breeders, and the sooner they can be eggs and thus decreases the profits realized. Likewise the feeding and houjiewife to have a greater variety which much water must Ixj added to of jelli«>« on her sholf. Their work extract the juice, as dam baa discovered the mysterious suU applee, plums and the Hke. care of poorly developed cull pullets increases the cost a pullet of rearing and increa£es the intensive conditions stance, pectin, the absence of which In a Juke, or ita presence in insuffi- cient qunntittes, is the reason jelly will not "come." No one can afford to trust to luck, eepecially if preparing a prodojct for snlo; it is too great a waste of valu- ab'.o material To make good jojly a fruit Juioe must have i)ectin, sugar, acid and liquid in the correct propor- tions. The fruits which contain pec- tin in the greatest quantiUee are cur- rants, underripe raspberries, black- berrioit, grapes, quinces, crab apples and sour apples. But ripe grapes, raspberries, straW' ers as summer, disposed of the better. Weed Suppression by Plough- ing and Cultivation. Relative to control and suppreesion of weeds the Dominion Field Hiw- bandman (Mr. E. S. Hopkins) advises that in the case of three or four years' I rotation, oonaiating of one year in corn or other intertilled crop, one For fruits with the proper quantity of pectin and acid, as currants, under- a , . â- â€¢!..• . . *^ t, V - i.x» „„ I ^n,«r^ ' â„¢^*- to e-iminate the nonproducei npe grapes, Wberiea and othe.^ ^ j^^^^ P^^ ^^^^^^ , , T T. ''^J T ^ if 1^^?. The poor hens will quickly go Into »'>»»•• in grain, and one or two years h, shou^d be useA In any case is bet- , ^^.^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ '^ ^^ ^^^^ Junel ^*yj *»?»* for the intert,:ied crop the ter to err on tho side of too little than , ^^^ t^^^gy^ j^iy. Additional culls i '""•^ ''»'«'*''l ^ thoroughly prepared too much sugar. ^„ ^^^, ,^^ ^.,^ ^^ ^.^ and the crop B.mi.arly cukivated. In If JeJy fails to set from an over- t^^ ^out the late ^mmer and early ^^ four-year rotation the timothy proportion of sugar no amount or ^^jj ' cooking will rectify the error; it win , ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ on.y produce a grummy mass Adding j^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^ flashlight at night more sugar and cooking will ""ike it I ^^^ ^^j^ ^^ ^^ least every two more sirupy. The r«^dy IS to add, ^k ^-noving the nonproducers more pectin-that is, to boil the pro- ^„j shipping them to market the next duct with more Juice, perhaps even asj much as was used in the first place; berries, peaches, pears, cherries and i but of course even this will not make rliubarb are mors or less deficient in a Jelly equal to one made with th« p tural pectin or acid, or both, and [proper proportion of sugar in the first 1' • making of Jeily from those Juices | place. I day, after a further examiniation in daylight, is probably the easiest and safest way to cull the layers. When turning the flashlight on the birds on the perches, one can generally tell by looking at the heads of the birds the usual household method is dis-l Many women fail in jelly "taking ^^j^^ j^^^^ ,^ ,j.^^ ^^^^ ^.j ^ ^^- i ^%"«'', ^^7l^«^ \^« juioe simmer on ^^^j, shrunken and shriveled, where- The addition of pectin, howe\'er, | the back niakee it possible to use them for de- enga; Ucious jetliee. Elderberries and ripe 'thereby to save time. Such long ac- quinces have plenty of pectin but not tion of the acid in the jirtco trans- enough acid, so this must be secured forms the pectin into substances that from lemons or apples. j have no jolly-niaking po»ver. When If you want to be sure there is the process of making jelly is once enough pectin in any fruit juice to begun after the Juice has been extract- make it Jell take a tablespoonful of ed it should be carried forward am the cooked Juice, add to it half a quickly as possible. After adding the tablespoonfiuJ of Epsom salts and a sugar, stir the Juice until the sugar teaspoonful of sugar, blend and let dissolves, liven boll rapidly until it stand twenty mimites. If pectin in euf- gives the jelly test. The most reliable back of the stovo while they are j^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ y,^ ^ j^^ ^j, ged m doing other work, thinking ^ p,^p_ ^ ^^^ distended. When taking the quitters or culls off of the perch â€" that is, the suspect- ed culls â€" place them in a live-poultry j crate, and afterward handle them in- dividually and note the condition of the abdomen. The cull or nonpro- ducer will have a shrunken abdomen. The flesh and fat will be hard and thick; the lay bones will be contracted and thick. The bird in laying condi- , , „ . . ^ „ .. • 1 ^ J t iu ! t'<"» will have a soft, pliable abdomen, flcient quantity to maJie Jelly is pres- is to allow the juioe to drop from the ,j,^^ j ^^ j^j^ ^^^ ^,j j^^ ^^^^ ent there will be a jellyhke substance stirring spoon and when it sheets ofr ^^ less exoended formed. If it does not form then pec- or breaks to take the mixture from tin must be added. the fire. AVOID CLOtTOY JELLY. PKCTIN IS EASILY MADE. There are several ways of doing or less expended and relatively thin. While passing these birds from one crate to the other, it is a good plan to pass the hand through the feathers -year sod can be plowed by August 1, but in the case of the three-year rotation, where two cuttings of clover are har- vested, the plowing will not be pos- sible UTitil about September 1. Where couch grass is present, or any other weeds having underground root-stalks, it is important to get the land plowed early and to cultivate it throughout the remainder of the fall. After plow- ing it should be harrowed and in about a week's time disced, and disced at about a week's interval until the sod has rotted sufficiently to allow the use of the cultivator. FOR YOUR CAMP BY DALE R. Vj^N HORN What la more refreshing than a good night's sleep in the open airT Farm boys and girls have a much better chance to enjoy camp-life than anybody else. Even if they have to help make hay and take care of their calves, they can always find time to spend a few days and nights of un- disturbed camping on some spot of Lhe farm. I know some boys who are pretty big and who have to work rather hard, but when evening comes they walk down to the creek where they have a tent in which they sleep every night throughout the sununer. Most of you, no doubt, will be allow- j ed a week or two to camp to your heart's delight. And then is the time when you will want many things to make your stay in camp much more pleasant. Of course, you all know how to make a camp to suit your own needs. I'll not take time here telling how, since rocker is pitied down the bolt-head will strike the disk. Attach a cord to the other end and then wrap a rubber band cut from an inner tube about it to bold the chtpper down out of the way. If a disk is not available, an old circular saw or a flat piece of steel will do instead. The steel should not be bolted too tight, as that will de- stroy some of the sound. SOME CAMP U0UT8. Usually the best of camps at night is dark, very dark. Unless some safe lights are 'provided the camp is not only dark but dismal. You can hard- ly get along without a good camp light either. The ruddy, uneven glow of the camp-f re is tiresome to any eyes and should not be depended upon for working after dark. If candles are kept out of the draft they make a good, cheap light A good make the ordinary camp more inter- esting. A CAMP LADDER. Don't try to be economical and the wrong way and note the presence ' this. You can add a fruit juke rich Bqu«>zo your fruit pulp, to obtain a | of the molt or absence of the moh. j In this jelly-making substance. Some few more drops of juice; you will have The early molters will be nonproduc-' women can fruit Juices and have them a cloudy Jelly if you do. You can uso^ ers for many weeks, and can best be, ready for this emergency. Then there the fruit pulp and the remaining are commercial concentrated pectins juice for fruit butter, which have been found by many to If you want your jellies to keep work wonders. | well, have the glasses as sterile as The third way is for the housewife possible. Then after the hot paraffin to make her ovm pectin extract. has been poured over the Jelly run a To make this pectin, slice acid ap- pointed wooden stick around the edge; sold fc>t- market. Water on the Knee. POETRY FARMING IN CANADA Sihce the success which attended and exporting substantially of eggs, „ , . ,„ 1 lamp that uses a portion of candle aM of you have seen camps you "ke. , ^h*;^ ^^^ing, but the lamp should But here are some special hints to ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ome before leaving. A pound coffee-can of bright tin provides the protection from draft and also ,. serves as a reflector. This is nailed For climbing bluffs and trees and to a wood cleat one Lnch thick and two for descending into steep ravines, a inches wide about ten inches long ladder oi some sort is necessary. A | which is, in turn, nailed to the back good simple ladder can be made from i of a two-inch block serving as a base. a small tree and the use of the hand I Holes are punched through the can, axe. The tree should be selected from i from the outside in two opposite a clump, so that its removal will not places. Two or three will be suf fi- seem so wasteful. Never cut a young cjgnt for the top, but six or eight tree standing by Itself, if it Is thrifty | should be provided for the bottom. The and of good form. One taken from a j jagged edges thus made offer a se- clump will give more room for those ; curity for the candle and the remain that remain. The owners of tracts of timbers often cuU. out clumps in this way, leaving the more perfect trees, so that they can grow faster and unhindered. Select the tree and be sure that the limbs grow alternately on one side and then the other. Cut it down, sharpen the butt chisel fashion, and then remove the limbs. Be sure that these cuts are straight across. Such a ladder, when set in the ing holes insure ample air draft. This can be set anywhere so long as it shines in the direction toward which the wind is blowing. A Ught may be made of an oU- soaked stick supported on two green stakes. This light will burn a long while, but is of use only in larger camps or for signaling. In dense woods a light on a Umb â- wiD prove convenient, for It is pro- tected from winds and will light up a ground, virill not turn from the weight j considerable area. A board is sus- of the climber. It Is light enough to 1 ponded from a horizontal limb by lie moved from place to place. And means of wires. A sheet of tin or when not in use, it can be set In thej galvanized iron is nailed to the rear ground in camp and used to hang edge and single shingle nails driven through the board from the underside fit six-inch intervals. The stubs of pies without paring or coring until It helps the paraffin to stick more Canada's first overseas exhibition of I '» "nder the necessity of making large you havo four pounds, add four and firmly. When the cover has been ad- , ,^ ^ ,., u. ji.ii a half ptete of water, boil rapidly for justed, wash the glasses, label and 1 1^*-- PO"ltnr at Wemb.ey and at Bar- twenty minutes then strain through store in a cool, dark place. i celona, Spain, in 1924, Canadian poul- four thicknesses of cheesecloth, b'.it do Wild fruits, often so abundant, are try breeders have come to attach a thingfs on. THE CAMP BELL. In the hills or woods we need signals to call each other in time of emer- gency. It might be called a bell be- cause its tone more nearly resembles candles are then securely mounted on this row of nails. The fires are run through the ends of the board and the upper ends bent into hooks to fit over mports each year. In the last three calendar years Canada's egg exports! have been respectively 3,619,356 dozen , worth $1,417,487; 2,900,111 dozen that .of a bell than anything else. It the limb. Each end of the board is mounted at the top of a post or ; should also be protected from draft not squeeze the bag. Mea.sure th» frequ»!ntly neglected; yet there is a | much greater and wider importance' worth $1,030,460; and 2,716,604 dozen . apple maai, add an e<|ual quantity of tang to them which cultivated fruits to their industry and become more j worth §1,007,837. Against these there water to it and boil again twenty do not pos-soss. As they are unusual, '< active and energetic in fostering it. | have been imports of 8,140,549 dozen minutes and strain. they make nice gifts to people who 'Among other resolutions adopted at; worth $2,476,900; 6,623,251 dozen The two extractions should amount live in the city and where they are the annual meeting of the Canadian j worth $2,087,300; and 4,930,709 dozen t'> about three quarts. Boil this mpld- not procurable at any price. I Poultry Association was one to ask j worth $1,529,107. The greatest bulk ly until reduced to about a pint and Elderberries make excellent jelly if Government assistance in the ship- 'of exports go to the United Kingdom, a half, which usually takes from pectin is added. Barberries, too, rrnent of live poultry biecding stock to; but quantities aro also shipped to the ' thirty to forty-five minutes. Seal in should be added to the store of jellies. | Great Britain and Europe generally i United States, Bermuda, Newfound- small bottles; this-pre^-ents the neces- Gather the fruit as soon as it becomes' with the object of building up a mar-: land, St. Pierre and Miquelon and •Ity of reheating the whole quantity a dark, rich color after the first frost, ket for Canadian poultry overseas, j oth3r countries. More than half the ieft when a conteiner is opened, which Use one cupful of water for each four; Recsntly two hundred White Wyan-j imports come from the United States, must be done if all is not used. When quarts of the berries and cook until dottes from the ranch of the Hon. J. and others from the United Kingdom, ' thd.1 apple pectin Ls used with fruit the juice may easily be pressed out. i S. Martin, Ontario's Minister of Agri- i China and other countrfes. j J-uioes which lack pectin, about half Drain and use as much sugar as Juice, j culture, left the Dominion consigned! opportunities for the industry •• much of the extract a.s juice is Wild grapes are really preferable to! to the British Isles, Sweden, Holland,! p. . •»• j, ,.. . . '. I necessary, but it is best to try the cultivated ones for grape juice and , Denmark and Ireland. . UpportunitiDs for poultry raising in •above pectin te..t. jelly, and they make an excellent cat- j This official interest in the poultry I f?"''," 7**^1* ^^e considered good, par- Jelly made from rhubarb, pineapple, hup. To nuike the latter, ma.sh thor- ; industrv synchronizes vrith the exhibi- 1 ,lf " tT •""""^^ a^ t^^'tory eerve<l by orange or grapefruit will be clearer if oughly two quarts of well-ripened tion of" a marked degree of interest!^"® w "w â-  y^l", . lemon pectin extract is used. Make grapes, cover them with vinegar and from many direction.-? in the po.ssibil- i ^^**" ? W"'®^'*'' »8 expenenced in this from the white inner skins of heat through, .strain and add a cupful | ities of engagement in the poultry „l^,t]^^ "lu. ..FJ^u. L*?*^! °", lemons. Put this skin tliroui?h the of sugar, a teaspoonful each of cinna- , industry in Canada. Properly enter- food grinder and make three extrnc- mon and cloves, a third of a tojispoon- ed upon and intelligently pursued, tions from half a pound of the fresh ful of allspice and a quarter of a tea- \ there is unquestionably opportunity pole out of the way and the clapper attached to a cord which hangs within reach, by a piece of tin. The flash-light Is quite necessary in almost any camp. Use a standard Aftfir getting the post, bolt a steel support that can be cut in almost any disk from an old disk harrow at the thicket. A slab of the trunk is left top. The disk is not set tight against joined with a branching limb and the the i)ost but separated from it by a light held in the notch of this limb. A short .liece of pipe placed over the i single rubber-band or piece of string bolt. j yrill hold the light in place. This lit- A few inches below the lower rim, 1 tie flash-light stand can be moved cut a rectangular hole through the ' around in the tent or right out in the pest, and through this fasten, also ' open. with a bolt, a rocker made from a Remember that these lights must be hardwood stick. It should operate ^ watched carefully. A little flame can freely. In the outer end bore a hole do a lot of damage, once it gets a half-way through the wood and insert ^ start Camping is great sport, but be a short bolt with the head uppermost careful. Protect .the woods and tress so that when the other end of the from unnecessary waste. chickens. The nearby markets of! Halifax and Saint John offer outlet for all products available, and con- j veniently adjacent to the«e are the white peel, with one quart of water, spoonful of i)cpper. Cook slowly until ; for the expan.sion of poultry farming J"'""=""y » T L. r- . *J? • j and one and a half level teaspoonf uls it becomes thick and heavy, stirring ; in Canada, and certain districts offer q+X»'^" ^^* li-astern United of tartaric acid for each extraction, to prevent scorching, and seal care- Probably more good Jelly-making fully. Cool Salads for Warm Days. Crisp, cool salads for warm days are just what the family need. Tho â- wise hfiu'owife knows that to feed her generally served with French boiled, or sour cream dressing. peculiar advantages in this connec tion. CANADIAN POULTRY INCREASING. The number of poultry in Canada is showing an increase, there being 42,- 434,000 of all kinds throughout the Dominion in 1924 as compared with States. In British Columbia, poultry rais- ing is carried on largely in the coast district of the Lower Mainland, Van- couver Island, and the adjacetit Gulf Islands. The Poultryman's Exchange has its head office in Vancouver with a branch in Victoria, and handles Here are some healthful and ref reel- ing salads. Vacation Cushions If you are contemplating a motor i 89,840,300 in the previous year. Ac- poultry and eggs co-operatively for its members. In other districts sim- ilar co-operative organiaations exist Land generally runs from $100 to $500 per acre cleared, with possibly some buildings. The chief poultry family healthful food, she must noti " >"" »™ ^»u».-,ui,mL.uK «â-  .no«,r o«,oj.»,o»v ... ... h.-v.wu» ,.-«.. „.- fail to introduce plenty of vegetables j <"• <^^n'P t"P. o"" «ven spending a f«v^ cording to the latest returns there are Into tho bii:.of-faro in this niannerh^"*" » » "^nted cottage, you will 98.0 per farm m British Co umbia; appreciate two or three serviceable 79.9 in Alberta; Ontario 79.1; Sas- pil-lows. Make the covers of black : katchewan 76.2; Manitoba 61.7; . oilcloth or burl-ap and sew on a handle! Prince Edward Island 60.4; Quebec Tomato cups are attractive and ap- i,y ^jjjpf, ^^ p^^ry them. Make a I 49.7; New Brunswick 28.2; and Nova j instructor of tho Provincial Depart- petirlng. After the tofno^ ha^ been I packet in the side to carry your novel Scotia 17.9. The country's output of ment of Agriculture advises the se- peejed, it may be scooped out and ^^ embroidery work. Stencil or em- ; eggs is likewise on the increa-se, this curing of five acres of land, and gives •tufTed with the pulp which baa been j^^^^j^, ^ ,,^1^,^ ^„ 4^^^ i„ g„y ^^-^^ . j„ 1^24 amounting to 212,648,685 I as other requirements not less than rubbed through a sieve and mixed with if black oilcloth is used, one-inch slite ' doKen worth $50,322,439, as against I $5,000 capital, some experience in the «oedcel«ry. A slice ofcucumber may j ^^y ^^ „,gj^ around the border, and i 202,185,508 dozen worth $18,770,780 1 industry, and a willingness to under- "*"*^* * ui^' '")r I m ? ?!'* '""^ I »tr'\p8 of contrasting color in oilcloth | in the previous year. ; take sonrie additional form of farming, M served wjth r rencrr^dr^pt^g. woven through them. Very attractive! A rather curious situation exist.<i such as growing small fruits and A tomato salad may be__^ade by co'^or combinations can be worked out. > in this industry in as much as Can- 1 vegetables and keeping one or two •erring on bed.* of lettuc#^t07natoei out in sandwich^ style, with ^>ottag8 oh««M OS ftUing; or each toffiato may be left whol«r i>e«led, slit in three places on topi and stuffed vrith cot- tage cheoae. French dressing is good with tonvato salads. Crisp lettuce, slices of cucumber, and tomato make an attractive com- bination of rod, white, and green when | served tofpether. The tomato and cu- cumber may be sliced and .served over-lapping each other on lettuce. French dressing should be used. Other salads are made of such com- binations as diced celery, pineapple, and grapw, or chopped celery, cream cheese, and nuts formed into balls. Siring l>eans are attractive when used as the foliage for a Lazy Daisy salad. The flower is made by cutting the white portion of a hard-boiled efg to reaemble the petals of a daisy and by using the yolk for the centre. Ar- range- the flower on a leaf or lettuce, ar.d serve with mayonnai.se dressing. Puzzled Pat. Pat had never seen a wlrfless set, whereas his frier.d Mike was an en- tlhtisiast end the proud owner of a loud-9f)eaker. Mike was explaining the mysteries of the set to bis friend when he w«s called out of the room. On returning he found Pat wM3i theheadiphones over Into ez< his enrs shouting unlnteUlglbly the loud speaker. "What'.s the malti-r.wld ye?" claimed Mike. In curprtse. Pat glared at him. "This thing n>ay be pretty to look at," he said, 'but I'm heneed If I can cat the exchange!" A bunch of ducklings turned into an alfalfa fleld last summer cleared It of ^asshoppers. Prior to then a part of the fleld was thickly infested with tho pest The alfalfa also furnished protection from bees, which are so disastrous to young ducks on short' Ar a rule, French dressing is used ! pastures. When the alfalfa bloomed nn all green "es/ed wgetablesi. Raw! and the bees came, the blos.soms were or coarse vegf table oombinatioM an [too high for tbe ducka to raach them. ada, whilfil producing voluminously cows. Combining Beauty and UtiUty. Beauty and utility are valuable properties in poultry, but one can not have, in a supreme degree, both beauty and utility in any breed of fowls. The ideal, however, is not to be cast aside lighily. Some degree, perhaps a rea- sonably high degree, of both proper- ties can be attained. Take the general purpose fowls â€" they are useful and they are beauti- ful, but when bred with an eye to pro- duction of eggs primarily, they lose not a little of their beauty and their market qualities. When bred solely for their beauty, some degree of their useful qualities is lost. Tho testimony of all practical poul- try breeders upon this point is abun- dantly convincing. Barred Plymouth Rocks, If bred for eggs, lose their typical shape and, what is more, their beautiful coloring. They, like Wyan- dottes, tend towards th-e Leghorn type when so bred. There are, of course, occasional chickens which seem to pre- sei-ve their original type, but they are exceptions. Tho poultry breeder should, there- fore, decide what shall be his main aim â€" the production of eggs, of table poultry, or of beauty. And that aim should be rigridly adhered to. If it is the production of a very large num- ber of eggrs, he will not discard from his matings the plainest hen which has proved her laying ability; if it is the finest table qualities, he will not re- ject a bird that possesses the desired type, even if she is an Indifferent layer; If it is beauty, only the most beautiful fowls will grace the breed- ing pen. But when he can, without losing sight of his chief purpose, uniite other desirable qualities, he will do so. Selection for the purpose to be realized is practical breeding. One great German writer (I think it was Richter) has said: "If I were offered truth in one hand, and the search for truth in the other, I would unhesitatingly choose the latter." I quote from memory, but the idea I know is correct, even if the wording is inaccurate, and every real breeder will acknowledge the truth it ex- presses. Let us, therefore, make a proper use of this slogan, and strive to make the useful more beautiful and the beautiful more useful. I>ot us hold fast to our main purpose, whatever it may be, of producing a strain of great laj^rs, or of splendid table fowls, or of sure winners at the shows. â€" H. S. B. Grease spoils the hatching egg. While riding through our park recent- ly with a friend, I said to him: "Henry, have you noticed that w« do not have nearly so mrny sparrows aa we once hadT' He admitted that I was right. I t\pn Mid: "I'H tell you the reason they ar* decreasing in number. The automobDs is respon- sible. Dripping oil and grease on th« streets and roadways get on the feat •nd feathers of the birds, is than trai^sfcrred to the egga, and conse- quently they do not batch." FWnnera should be careful that waste oU and grease from aut«)a and farm machin- ery is disposed of in a way that it, can not come in contact with the fowl% or the same thing will happen during the hatching season. â€" H. I. P. The ci;i:;, i; lii .;i '.ipii'th on llie to Mahaney, of St John, N.B., received th: t:itnt, now IS months old. At their king's tounty from his majesty. birth, the parents, Mr. «ud Mrs. TnM, ! A sandy soil is the moat aanitaiy for poultry. Such ground being ous is rea(*ily cleansied by ratta < ir.g a'.; rr.tU into tha toik