fy^'-' Addr««« communication* to Afireitoruiti, tt Adelaide 8t. Wcit. Toronto KEKP KATS UUXUKY. The number of ruts in a pluce is aJways in direct prupurtion to the »\-«u:«b:o foiHi huf^ly. If a farm, u housi- or a burn i.s overrun with rat.s, it is evidence that some en© i» gvner- ous with rat food. WfU-ftd rats multiply rapidiy and Always ii-.crcase lo the utmost limit of th* availahle food. If the dai'.y rat rati.'ns will support only t\vei:ty lean rats, there will be no more, and BO fewf'j-, raUi in that place. Wiien POULTRY. 1 f H new hrooder house ia to be built its 8120 8hou!d !>« detcrniiiud by the nxe of flock one iu most liltely to want to start in it. Other fttctors v.liich muHt ftlso lie considered in deter- mining eirx' lire portabiiily and coii- venienc© for doinfr the necessary worit inside the house. A hou.sc largo- than 10x12 feel is not eaKily moved, nnd on most farms hou!K- floor and left over niglU. I>i8-: would be unde#ii'ablo for this reason, po.sc of Uitchen F.«rba«e by fecdinj? it ^^e ninaller lliiin 8x8 feet isn't Hatis- t.) .slixii cr to chiclieiis or by bu nunjj ^ fu^.j^j^j, j.jjho,.. it. A Karbnge pilo behind the house, ^n *8xl2, lOxlO, or 10x12 colony or barn will ftv'd many rats. Grar.aryi|,p.j,;p ,,„ii( „„ ^^jj^^^ ^^,jj, ^^ f^^^^^ mid corn crib .-ho.i!d be rat proof. t>o] ^uit^tle under a wide variety of con- not store praiii in the straw any lonjfcr j diHong. Tha chick capucity of such than necessary. I'rotwt the lior.«o ., h„uMt, will run from .'iOO «•. optiniu:n Kiain boxei fo that rats cannot rob^fj,,. the smallest .mkc nii'ntioncd to 600 your animals. Hold ratB hnw l>cc-n . „« the ab.iolute »naxim;im for the ki.ov>':i to drive u horse av.ay from, ia,.|jQ xizc. his grain. I ()„ farmu where chicki are hatched Trcipping rat.s is no ea.sy matter, j,) incubator?, or where day-old chicks especially when they are we! fed. j me purchased each sca.son, there is *kA .,.1...',.. ,„ â€" • .1/1 > \ '"i'^^ â- '•â- â- J •â- â- " »j â- •â- ^ "'â- â- â- 1 uie purciiaaeu eacii sca.son, mere is Me nuniLicr exceeds Uio food SUIiliV. Pnlin,, i« M\vnv« ilii>in'<'rini<: Th<> rits'.,„ .,„ /• .11 1 1. r.1. 1 *k^i^ iii .,^„,; .u~i 1 *•!,>â- ' 'OIK'" IS a.wajs uu.igerous. i m- nis „q t,ge f^^ ti,^, broody hen. She be- t^u^ n Hil ri '"" 'L '^ ^='^'^' ^" "^''•""'•J' ^^"y «' '-""J"'* **"-' ^"'"^^ mo'-e <"â- les.^ of a nul.sance. fnn "/ tV.. " T,!f â- ?„ ." ' / ,!!«*7 !^i*»'-«o*^:^*«l I'ri'a'l -"ouiul and leaving i;„!es.s wanted for hatching chicks ml • ch^inJ!^ n V "" f"i'" ' ^^â- ^''' '^â- - ''°« °' 'â- '- ""^ """ '^^^ ''• '"-oody ^«"'•'' should be removed from ^^'cir u^st^noT rJ"" "Tk " i I''>i-'«>^'-^<'»'^*^ »0«.i.i is bc.t, if you the ne.sts wlvonever found and placed any circumstances rai.s« more fish in! „,iisi use poison, and it should be put ' *^ a pond than the food there will feed. i,,„iur the floor.<< and in the partitions A~15UTCH COLONIAL HOME DJBSiaNBU BT W. W. Pt'ltPX in a slat-bottom or wire-bottom coop . , . I with no nesting material. They should A farmer noticed that during thciv.htro nothing else except rats and, Ih; supplied with water and dry mash """" """"â- '^'"^ very few rats, mice can git to it. if it is desired to have them lay again as quickly as possible, Three or four days of this confine- ment will usually be sufficient to dis summer there round the bam«, and that even they /V ateci spring "srap down" dead- hod hard picking to Jive. The granary fall lat trap is very cfficitMil. Bait it was rat-proof. The chickens got no with a j.-iece of meat. As every keep- more thwi they -oUd «at in a hurry, er of chickens can testify, rata are' courage the broody tendency and the n>^ fi 'j*^"*^ .surv.'.d by foraging in meat eater.s when they can get meat, hens may then be roleas:sd. "From the the fie.ds and gaiv: .-. But soon after If the deadfall fail^', try a common I labor .standpoint there is an advan- u 'ij^' '"*'"'* ^â- '^- • '^"'^ with un- sttol trap burietl just out of sight in|ta}re in having the broody coop in the threshed wheat O.e rats began to « pan of corn meal or ground feed, hen house where it is convenient to come. It was t^^rly winter before a' Be sure the trap is well oiled and shut up the delinquents. thresher was availablo, and by that ; springi eHslly. Furthermore, they will become ac- timo the barn wa.': alive with nit-sâ€" ' tive when the flock is fed and will thus hundreds of rat.«, bitr rnts and little HOMK U.^E OF DAIRY PRO- b3 induced to oat more feed than rats brown one.? and gray onec. You DUCTS. 'might otherwise be tho ease. The re- cou.d hear them squealing and I w,.s in a farm home recently! suit is that th?y lose little weight and scramb.ing in th» .-traw. They ran where ;h- farmer and his wife, their stmt laying again within a short time, boldly round under foot. A few family of four children and two hired) In very warm weather it is often months later a well-fed rat was h.nrd men. use frcn; eiglit to twelve quarts advisable to place the broody coop in to hnd. The few that the farmer trap- of whole milk a diay. They kwp Ho!-| a sliady spot outside the henhouse in ped made httle difference, but the stein cattlu and the chief source of ^ order to keep the broodies more com- threshers came and beat out the grain, income on their farm is from the sale fortable the straw was sold and hauled away, of butter-fat. the wheat was locked in the granary. "We all drink .-Tiilk," said the moLh- Beyond question rats will migrate, er, "and I u.se plenty of milk in cook- Ihat farmer's rats had to move or ing. Th-rt- are .i great manv dishc-s rtarve; so one dark night they just which can be made with milk and I went away, no one knows where, but know there is no healthic-r nor better i B«fore she was placed in the farrow- HOGS Not long ago a farmer penned up a Fow which was soon due to farrow. most certainly to some place where food than milk." ing quarters she was accustomed to they cou.d get food. | when I hoar farmers talking about "'^PP'^P around the .straw pile. The moral is that, if you keep rats impending oversupply of dairy pro- ^"^ ^"•â- ' considerably against her de- hungry, you can keep them scarce. A! ducts, I wonder wliat those particular! "'''= '» <-'"'>^«'" ^'^^ P^"- •">' s^e was hungry rat is easy to trap, a famish-' farmers are doing toward improving' <'"''ced to go into the quarters with ed rat takes noisoned hreaH win. « tu.,;,. „™r,, ^..,-i.,i„ i .._: .? ».. -* which she was unfamiliar. There Is perhaps no other t^pe of home which has prored so popu- lar in the last few years as that o( the Dutch Colonial. In the plan here illustrated, the center ball has been reduced to the minimum. This homo, planned for a corner lot somewhat lower in the rear, and in order that the owner might take advantage of this, the garage was placed under the sun-room. In doing this, however, it was necessary to raise the house some- what higher off the ground' than usual. In-order to overcome this, a small terrace was provided tor across the entire front. The small stoop has been slightly projected in order to provide for a vestibule and the stairway landing and still leave room tor an arched opening between the ball' and dining room, similar to that ot the ball and liv- ing room. Interesting features In this plan are the passage from the kitchen and living room, which open di- rect into a fair sized breakfast room. French doors also lead from the living room into the â- un-room. In addition to the rear entry, there is also provided space for first floor' toilet. On the second floor there are two fair slsed chambers and a large owner's chamber with two closets. The passageway to the rear deck, which provides space for airing bedding, etc., is an in- teresting feature. The basement contains the usual storage and laundry as well as furnace rooms and garage. Everything has been worked out along Colonial lines, both inside and out: Red Colonial brick has been used in the foundation walls above grade. White siding has been used on the outside, with green blinds and green shingles. It is estimated that this home can be built, exclusive ot heat- ing and plumbing, for from |6,250 to it.eoo. The Fraigrant Garden. Someone has said that we are fast drifting toward an ege of flowers that will have no fragrance, and this rat takes poisoned bread with a their own mmrkets by using plenty of , ,. .:,,,. ^,. , j • x gusto; .';o the best way to get rid of! dairy products in their own homes f"'" « 1«''» tâ„¢e she was unsettled is accounted for by the keen desire of rats IS not to have any. I A buttermaker of a creamery in a """^ '^o''* »*>»"* frantically seeking an growers to produce larger flowers. Keep every bit of rat food securely' community that uses a hirg'- amount »-'=<''• ^'^ "' ^his was brought about No profusion of blossoms, no exqui- covered. Put the chicken feed into tin ' of creamery butfcar snid to me recent -i'''^' <»" ^^^ ®v« °^ farrowing. Even site coloring or beauty of form can boxes or iron barrels and keep the ly, "i am <rhd to say that the natrons' "'''^''r farrowing .she was still restless, compensate for a lack of fragrance rovers down Feed th|.„ cJiiiAmrSTnot of this crea'mery use lots of their own »"ring the farrowing she trampled with nriost flower lovers How dis- tbe rats^Jji_jeih^ ^„^^^ ^^^ ^^^' ^^^^^^^^ ^hat is as it .should be. If ^'-'^''-'r^'l of the pigs to death. | appointed wo feel when shown a rose e|18 no more than they will clean ! there is anyone who can afford to' ''^^^ mistake this farmer made was of rare co.onng and perfect form to up. Nothing encourages rats more! use plenty Of good creamery butter, it '«^"*'"= ^"^ '^''^ """^ accustom the sow find that its saUn petals yieid no per- thaygrain scattered over the chicken- is the farmer who produces it." *<» h*r quarters a week or so in ad-' fume. One may tire of brilUant, vance of the farrowing date. Hogs, showy flowers, but the sweet-smelhng, and especially mother sows, usually old-fashioned ones will never lack ap- become very fond of regular quarters, preciation. No quality in flowers strikes the chord of remembrance with so true a touch of fragrance. When < M CHAR M OF THE EVERCREEN Evergreen tre;s of the various var-j will give a home an enviable distinc- Jhties cultivated for land.scapo decora- tion and charm. « l;lon give a feeling of richness, par- The choice of .suitable varieties of of mind has much to do with the case flowers for their fragrance even ' In such quarters thoy are much more j quiet than when confined lo a strange place. Without a doubt the sow's condition the rose is mentioned, we at once as- sociate it with swaetners. We love ticu.arly for large grounds. They re- j evergreens for the planting of the' of farrowing and the success of the quire, however, more thoughtful care | home grounds is a matter for very litter after farrowing. in placing than do deciduous trees and I careful consideration. Some of the <»â€" v!lw nf n'^*"â- â- ^•^'"â- ^ l^t 'â„¢P°rtant many varieties av.iilable on the mar- Ontario's Production of Beef . \a.ue or presenting a striking appear- ket are more suitable than others for pnco at all seasons of the year. In j the climate and soil of this country.: Du"'"S '^le year ending Itocember the winu-r months, contrasted wth the Both Macdonald College at Ste. Annei ^^''•' 1*^^' ""^re was marketed througll white of snow and the grey of leafless 'de Bellevue, near Montreal, and the ""*> Union Stock Yanls at West To- twigs, the dark green of the conifers' Ontario Agricultural College at ronfo 333,225 cattle. Of these 183,323 fiugge.st warmth and cheer. In s-um- 1 Guelph, have had wide experience in ^"-'T: 5raide,d a^ "good," while 149^.902 mer their htavy green and .solid ap- the u.se of various varieties of ever- "' ^ ' " " pearance again.st the paler leafage of (greens for campus planting. The lists deciduous trees present a fine con- j recommended by these two institu- t.-ast. A natural grove of spruce, ! tions do not differ widely. Together firs, pinee, and cedars present a pic- 1 they include the following: Globs turcsque appearance. The study ofXedar, Thuja occ. glolwsa; Globe one of these is often a help in a r- 1 Ware's Cedar, Thuja occ. globosa ranging a planting plan. Even with j Warreana ; OrienUl Pyramid Cedar, fcuch assistance, skill is reedt^d to set j Thuja Orientalis ibota pyramidalis; out even a dozen conifers. Too great! Virginia Juniper, or Red Cedar, Juni- o variety is seldom as satisfactory aslperus virginiana; Swiss Juniper, Jun- two or three species presenting di- iperus sueeica; Savins Juniper, Jun- virsified contrast in shapes. The more iperus sabina; Prostrate Juniper, numerous the sfiecies, however, the Juniperus prostrata; Dwarf Mountain or 4,")7o graded ais "common." There is not luiclmdiod in this 62,000 calves whlcli were marketed as veal and whlnli ox>uM not readily bo graded cm a beef basis, as many of Uiom would be calves from strictly dairy cows whJch there never was any Intention of making into beef at maturity. Nor does It take into account 31,000 can- neru and cutters, ae the animate mar- keted under this heading wore very birgoly diiscnrded dairy cows wiliich were not bred with tlie object of pro- <luciiig beef, and Uiei^fore -slioulid not though thoy are not very beautiful, but when they are fragrant as wfU as beautiful our enthusiasm knows Home Education "The Child's First School Is the Family."â€" Froebel. Jaunts With Our Children â€"By Edith RUand Cross Do you ever enjoy a jaunt in the i>ire on the part of the child to p woods with your children? And dojt^t the birds and their homes, ^nd you share an interest with them in the things of nature, in God's great out-of-doors? If not, you should re- member that parents, living in rural communities where there are no kin- dergarten, can give their children much they would get in a city Irinder- garten by taking frequent trips with them. One of the greatest purposes of the kindergarten is to awaken the child's observation, to acquaint him, and to teach him his relationship to the people with whom he associates. Nature lessons serve this purpose. l'"irst help your children to know the many land and water birds. Keep no bound.s. Plant the old-fashioned ' a list from year to year of the birda fragrant flowers even though the' see" a"^ ths dates on which they ap- catalogues tell you wonderful tales of I peared each spring. A bird guide and the beauties of the newer ones of im-j" -'™«11 P^'r of field glass-s are help- mense sir.e. The smaller flowers have!^"' on a field trip. Tench the children usually the sweetest perfume. I to know the songs of the birds, too, Sweet i)ea.s, mignonette, stocks,! ^JV tal^'ng them just at dusk to listen greater the diversity in skyline and Pine, Pinus mugho; Japanese Cypress, '^,„^°"*.'^*[fi.'"..'!^it.'^T*f!"° composition. Conifer evergreens are Rctinospora piumosa filifera; Japan- " the deep tones of the pictures of out eso Cypress, Retinospora piumosa; of doors. An contrast to a background (lanadian Yew, Taxu.i canadensis; of buildings, low foreground or horti- Japanese Yew, Taxus cuspidata. cultural adjunct the shadows they Some of those varieties, beautiful as cast have great decorating value. The average weight of the cattle grading "good" was approximately 1,050 lbs. and the average price at whlcJi they were soM 112.50 per cwt. The total value, 124,061,143.75, or an they are,' mayV if-'lef't^to IhTrnTeivJ^" "^^^^^^ ^^'^ ^' ''f"'^^ f'i^""^-, Too many evergreens make the pic become too large for the .pace they I "}^ ''l"'^'^ *r'®**' In^L"*"! • - Use of the "re planted to occupy. Any of them,' J^-''^^'"* '^â„¢"!°\7',*f ^^''J^' "»<» iiic . rj J • tlie average price $9.40 per owt. The toliU 112.977,196.80, or an average price per animal of |79.90. K win be noted that there Is a dif- ference between the price realized ui>- on the catttlo graded a» "good" and those graded a« "comuiion" of (.'il.SB per head. In otlier words, it all of tlie oattle marketed at the Toronto Stock Yarda in 1919 had grade:! "good" In- stoad of grading a« "oommon," they wouM have been worth $7,697,467.70 more than they were. As only about one third of the beet c«itt!n of tJi« province are marketed through the Toronto Stock .Varda, On- tario's total lose thrcnig^ the uae ot poor beef sires wouhl be over $20,000,- 000.00. tu-c too dark and dibma! lighter shades of green will help to •wwever, may be kept dwarf by sys oflfset this difficulty as the selection t^nwtic pruning. This, however, of white pine instead of Norway »ho^I<J ""t b« done later than July and spruce near a dwelling. In the group- Pr*'«rabiy in the ntonth of June. â€" ing of the various conifers care should '^anadian Horticultural Council. therefore be taken to avoid the inten.so' "â€" * â€" form-s of color. One needs space to! Graft. adopt the evergreen as a decorative' ., .. . . „* feature. In Hmall areas one conifer/*^ Kraftmg, John Brown knew his ran dominate the scene or a grouo of „ stuflf, a few ran be the central figure of a «"«"'<« »« Kot were great. large planting. It is well in either ^"' nothing pleased him well enough, case to lay out a planting plan,' "• "'ways tempted Kate. choosing carefully of the varieties u, with some new idea. But at last b* s«t out and to make their nrrajige-; He n-ached his life's one goal. mcnt^ fit into though not mixed with Now wealth and fortune he's amas«ed. deciduous vaneUe.s of trees and A blessing on his soul. ehrub.s. for bewt effects it is most' satisfactory to keep to two types of W* '"<»'' his flivver, made of tin, vegetation, quite or nearly apart ex-j And grafted it, by hand, cept when definite diflferenctA of vege- "^o his peach tree. Brains always win. tation are dewirable in order to work' H*" Peaches now grow canned. out a plan calculated to improve the â€" W. A. picture through the inequality of, ♦ Hght and shade. There are many! There are some men that simply types of decorative evergreens in cul-. can't be persuaded to go calling, and tivation, but the spiry sorts as IriA are always too busy to attend a party Juniper or yev' ar« particularly use- ! or social gathering of any kind b*- ful as accents in the formal garden. I cause they can't possibly leave th« Wit'i tbes« and tin* spruce«, pines, I farm. But when the Dairy Show or arbor vitaes the student of planting; the National Exhibition come along has an interesting field to work on. [they can apare an awful let of tinM, Good staging, however, is of the ut- 1 and the farm doesn't seem to ne«d ino«t i.npoiUince and when weii dan* tham ai all. heliotrope, carnation, lilies, pnnsies, lily of tte valley, lilacs, honeysuckle, and roses, are deliciously frangrant. to their calls. If these calls are translated words the children can more easily thus .'urthev Ite w rk of our birdj trcava so.'ieties. Along with the birds, study flo* and trees. Let the children have a wild flower garden at home and teach them how to transplant it front the woods and tend it. In this way have them become familiar with twenty- five or thirty of our most common wild flowers and trees. A good flower guide would be sei-vic'(s^ible. An added joy to the wodd trip is, of course, the picnic' lunch. How the children love to help build the fire and cook the meal! And don't you love the freedom of it, too? There is no better time to become real pals with your children than when close to nature. On a jaunt it is always a splendid idea to gather specimens to^ bring home. The children sometimes busy themselves for days making things from their collections. Each specimen has its story to tell, and this further into! contact more clearly impresses the Some very beautiful ro.ses are not, but ! distinguish one from another. From the following are fragrant and beau- ! "childhood I remember that the brown tiful: Frank W. Dunlop, Madam But> h'*'****'®'" ^^V^- "What would you give terfly, Gruss au Teplit/, Sunburst,:'"® 'or my tail, my tail? A sixpence, America, Hoosier Beauty, Columbia, » sixpence. 'Tain't enuf. "tain'^enuf. Paul Neyron, Mme. Edouard Herriot, ' '^'" ' "^ " ' " ' " Mde. Ravary. These are only a few of the fragrant roses, but it is a good list to plant when beginning. The charm of these will urge you to In- crease your list Jeanotte Leader. Suppression of the Cutworm. The cutworm is no respecter of plant, soil or district. Its suppression is therefore a necessity everywhere, and the method recommended by the Dominion Entomologist is by poison- ed bait composed as follows : 20 pounds characteristics upon the child's mind. Aside from the purely educative purposes of our jaunts, I would far rather have my children remember, when they are grown, that mother could almost always take time to go A shilling, a shilling. Cut it off â€" cut' to the creek with them than have them it off. Tr-r-r-r-r-r- (the saw)." The' remember whether or not my house meadowlark says, "Teakettle, toa in | was always dusted and ready for tho teakettle." Kildeers, phoebc;-, and; callers. chickadees say their own names. Tho robin says, "Cheer up cheerily." Birds' nests should likewise be Above all help the children realize that back of the wonders of nature which they see there is a kind Heaven- studied and the kinds of places chosen ly Father watching over each and I by the different birds for their homes, every thing Whom we must glorify Instill through such knowledge a de-'for these great blessings. Tonsils. Butter made from whole milk in- stead of cream is inferior to butter made as it should be. On farms where only a few cows are milked, it may pay in the lung run to buy a aepar- ator. Sow sweet clover right along with the small grain, or immediately there- after. A great soil builder, sweet clover is. The optimist is the man who believes All eggs will hatch. The tonsils are small bodies that _ hang at either side of the back of the of bran and half a pound of' Paris I throat. When they are in a state of green well mixed in a wash tub while health, we are not aware of them, dry; a quart of molasses dissolved in'^ut when unhealthy, as they too often two or three gallons of water and the ' "^' they can cause much discomfort bran and poison thoroughly dampened ""d suffering. The mouth and throat therewith. For small gardens can be| «»â- « constantly occupied by all sorts of used a quart of bran, a teaspoon ful of io»"K*n'8n« that, generally speaking, Paris green and a tablespoonful of,"'o quiescent, but that cft«n conspire molasses with sufficient water to thor- "nd give great trouble, and the ton- oughly moisten the bran. Shorts or sils naturally come in for their share, middlings in place of braii can bet In sore throat, for example, the used. affection of tlie tonsils and of the sur- rounding parts. It is generally a suppuration of the tissues round the tonsils, and its terrible pain is caused largely by the swelling of the parts â€" a condition that not only makes swal- lowing a torture but also makes the patient feel as if he were about to suffocate. As soon as the abscess of a quinsy is ripe it should be opened by tho surgeon; in that way the sufferer may be saved two or three days of agony. Sonn> people have tonsils that are naturally too large, and onlargment of In gardens containing rows of brunt of the attack may fall upon the the tonsils romctimes runs in families, vegetables, advises the Entomologist, j tonsil.s, and then we have what i-s] Diser.scd teeth dircharging their germs the mixture should be scattered thinly called tonsilitis. The tonsils become! into the saliva often spread their in- along on either side as soon as cut-] Inflamed and enlarged, and swallow- j fcction to the tonsils, or Infection may worm injury is noticed. Flow»rlng| ing is exquisitely painful; there is also be carried to them through inhaled plants can be protected by placing a fever, a poisoned conditi.fii of the sys- " small quantity of the poisoned bran tern and all the other accompaniments around, but not touching, each plant. 'of soro throat. Although tlie fever The bran should be scattered after 'of an attack of tonsilitis seldom lasts sundown lo that it will attract the pest when it connca out to feed at night. In small gardens, when cut- worm injury is noticed, the worm can generally be k>cated about an inch be- low the soil and within • few inches of the plant to that it can be destroy- ed by hand. « The crop of a week-old chick holds Icea than a teaapoonful of food. If flUed at sunset the crop will be empty long before Eunrise. Hunger for anjP*''"'"""*'** ^*^ breath hour ia apt to cost a day's growth. ' Quinsy is an exqu:»it«Iy painful more than a day or two, the result is generally weakening, probably be- cause there is no way to keep the poisonous products from entering the general system. When anyone sulTera with repeated attacks of tonsilitis the small orypts or pockets that chiefly characterise the tonsils become en- larged and give shelter to all sorts of harmful material, which not only affects the health by being absorbed into the system but also gives rise to dust. Enlarged septic tonsils or ton- sils that are always giving rise to trouble in one form or another should come out. There is no minor opera^ tion that is folk>wed by more joyous results than the removal of the wrong sort of tonsils. «- A Queer Lovu Token. Near one entrance of the great cathedral ot Seville haniCB a patched and painted crocodile. wh4ch or^ce served aa a princely love token tltat tailed in tta nUselon in 1210 It was sent by the sultan ot iCgypt to a beaatt- ful priocaae in Spain, who de^haed a suitor whoM nrst preeent could i-sarcc- ]y be said to speak nt a?re.'tlon. ,r i V