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il^ .^ilfi^hxnf^^ '^22' AddreM communication* to Agronomist, 7i Adelaide St. West, Toronto AUTUMN CAgE OF STOCK. The care of live stock during the Btormy weather of autumn, and when: pMturcs are bare or dry, is an im-! portant factor in successful live stock j husbandry. There are many farmers' who feed well during the winter and spring, but allow their stock to receive , a .severe .setback in the autumn; due largely to thoughtlessness for the com- ' fort and food supply of the animals. The cause of the setback is the deter- ' ioration in the quality of the pastures 'â-  as the summer advances, and the] greater need of shelter in autumn than | during the summer. On the rich, succulent grass of June which acts as a tonic as well as a food, { the cattle quickly make gains, and the : changed conditions come so gradually as summer passes, that one is apt to be caught unawares, particularly when the pasture gets ahead of the' stock early in the season and appears so much better than it really is. The dry, woody stalks of the grasses and clovers require the addition of succu- , lent food to keep the cattle in condi-l tion to make profits for their owners. The most valuable of these succulent fodders are mixed grain, (when cut in the milk stage) , corn and sunflowers, â-  when fed as soiling crops. Roots should be added in the late autumn when the above-mentioned fodders near matur- ity. It is very important in feeding, that all changes be made grradually, so that the digestive tract of the ani- mal may not be disturbed unduly. Late autumn feeding should thus merge gradually into the early winter ration. The shelter and protection of the animals from storms and cold are quite as important as the feeding during this period of the year. The clump of trees or windbreak that was of great value to the cattle during the hot days of summer, is of little value during the chill, driving rain or cold storms of autumn. It requires more mood than the animal can eat to sup- ply sufficient body heat during a cold, wet storm, and the animal has to fall back on its reserve supply of fat to maintain its body heat. This results in a more or less serious loss of weight Cattle should not be allowed to lie on water-soaked grround, or when it is covered with hoar frost. They should always be protected from rain storms and heavy winds that might chill them from about September 1 until they are permanently stabled. Frequently cattle that are in good con- dition at the close of summer go into winter quarters in poor shape, with their vitality greatly impaired due to lack of ordinary care on the part of their owners. Just as soon as the flies disappear, the homed animals that are going to be fed for beef should be dehorned. This adds much to their comfort ; they feed better and can be marketed with less loss from bruises. The teeth of young animals should be examined, and loose ones extracted. The teeth of old cows should also be looked over, to determine how their feed can best be prepared for them. All the stock should be carefully ex- amined for lice, ringworm, or other parasites and diseases. They should be treated-for all these pests and dis- which multiply and injure the animals much more quickly in con- finement than on range. THINGS I'VE LEARNED ABOUT SILUS. Experience has taught me a lot about silos. Six years ago I was ready for my first one. Four neighbors bought together and saved about $20 on each tank because they could be shipped together and the agent got them all on one trip. Orders can be sent direct to the manufacturer where there is ro agent, and part or all of the commi.-:sion on the sales can be kept by the farmers. It doesn't matter what kind of a silo you get There is a competitor who wants to sell. Let 'em all bid; it may cut the price. I used to think that the base for a wooden silo needed to be bui.t on the rock. I've made three ba.sos, each of the latter two lighter than the one before it. A ten-foot wooden silo weighs from 3,000 to 5,000 pounds. A wagonload of corn weighs that. I don't use any floor. Put in a foot of straw and let the silo filler get busy. I don't have a foot of juicy water in the bottom. The soil absorbs the juice. I have learned to build the founda- tion wall \\\ circular farm. It saves material; it looks bettor. Half-inch or thinner house siding, wet and slowly bent to shape, makes the best form material. Use sod for the inside form. Use plenty of stones in the cement It is cheaper and the mi.xture holds as well. Use a sand-and-cement top coat. Make it smooth. Slope the whole wall to the outside. Staves set out at the bottom if it is leveL Setting up. Hire a man who knows to help you. Building a scaffold is cheaper than broken legs. Use the plumb or level often. Crooked silos j are a nuisance. Put a roof on â€" for looks and con- I venience only. I've one silo with and one without. Silage is better without a roof, I believe. Extend the roof three or four feet above the top of the silo. This gives you head and filling room. Fill in the space between the top of the staves and the roof with sheet or galvanized iron. When the silage settles you'll have full silo. I used to keep three or four men in- side filling. Now one man with a dis- tributor pipe does as welL Men will increase capacity but won't improve the silage. Even distribution is the main point. Fne cutting pays. Our cutter makes it a quarter of an inch. Finer cutting packs better and makes better silage. Own your own cutter if possible. Two or three farmers can buy one co- operatively. I've tried everything I've ever heard of for sealing silage until wanted for feeding â€" oats, straw, sawdust tramp- ing, roofing paper, newspapers â€" and it always spoils on top. Always wanted to try paraffin like women do for jell. Keep the hoops tight or the silo painted or coated inside, depending on the kind. They all need some care. Build a house at the bottom of the chute bigger than you think necessary. It won't be. Set two silos so one chute can be used. Cheaper. More conven- ient Use windows in chute and house. â€" Earl Rogers. EATING RIGHT TO FEEL RIGHT BY JULIET LITA BANE. Since time began we have entertain-; And tliere is. The farmer ia profit- ed many auperslUions regarding food, ing by the fact* that have been laarn- Little girls have eaten bread crusts fd about feeding stock. It is ju«t aa to make their hair curl, while older important that he and his family pro- girls have eaten carrots to make them lit by the information now at hand beautiful; yet how lew people stop and regarding food for themselves, for iw think seriously and sanely about the has been proved beyond a doubt that food which they take into their bodies' there ia more ill health in country dis- and put before their familiea. Scien-' trict.< than the.-e should be. Ursus Kermodei of Victoria. B.C., is the only bear o( his kind in cap- tivity. He was captured recently on Princess Royal Island, nortUeru British Columbia, by Indians, and carried by them into civilization. He is pure white In color, but differs from the Polar bear. O THE CHILDREN'S HOUR tists tell us that we have entirely new bodies every few years, how are you building yours? While the whole truth about food is not yet knowTi, there are some things that we do know, and if acted upon would save us much anxiety and actual suffering. The day is fast ap- proaching when we shall have doctors (we have a few of them now) who will treat through food and the ali- mentary tract in a highly specialized way, juBt as certain schools treat the muscles. When we read such articles as "Tha National Menace of Rural Bad Health," which appeared in one of our magazines not long ago, and read similar reports in other periodicals, we should think twice befgre making the boast whii-h we have made for so many years that the country was a very healhtful place in which to live. One of the favorite reasons given by investigators for this condition ia the fact that we have not chosen wisely in selecting food for ourselves and for our children. vi THREE GOOD GAMES. star appeared way up in the sky. Little Jackie Rabbit spied it first "Star light, star bright, The first star I have seen to-night, I wish you may, I wish you might Bring me the wish I have to-night," sang Jackie. "I bet I can guess your wish," said To play "Through the Circle," pro- • Willie. You wish you were home for vide two pieces of elastic a yard in a nice warm supper" length and sew the ends of each piece securely together. Form players in wishes it," said Johnnie Muskrat two lines; at a g:iven word the race| But the three little Woodland boys begins. Each leader places one of the kept on drifting, for they could not elastic bands over the head and goes think of any way to get to shore. .\3 through it; as the leaders step out, it grew dark, they were tired, fright- the next player in each line grabs the ened and sleepy. Finally the old moon circle and does likewise, and so on peeped his head over the hill, and to down the line, three times, starting at keep from getting lonesome, they told the signal each time. The best two' stories about him. out of three wins. In case of accident,] When it was only an hour past bed- such as catching the elastic on a but-- time, they just couldn't keep awake ton, or breaking, the maiiager calls , any longer and one after another went "Time," and the othe? side mast stop to sleep. It was then that something until repairs are made. | happened. , , . , . A new phase of the question of If we choose food wisely we have a j^^jj^g ;, ^^^ problem of taking food right to expect it to bui.d for us new, ^^^ protection against disease. Dr. tissues, repair old tissues, regulate g, y McCollum. of Johns Hopkins body processes, correct certain weak- University, has given us some inter- nesses and protect us from disease ^^j^g ^^^^^ ^^^ ^„jy ^ beginning has But we must choose intelligently if ^ ^een made in this field. He recom- we are to get these resu.ts. | ^^^^3 j^^,. ^^ ^^^ ^j^^j^ ^jj^^ ^ ^^^^ We can not do what we have done; a day for every child and at least a for so many years â€" think of what pint each day for grown-ups. We "Walter would like best," and "what have not realized the food value and "I guess he's not the only one who' Susan positively refuses to eat/' what the protective value of milk. Dr. Mc- ' 13 easiest to prepare, and what we Collum also recommends a large use have in the house. These things must of leafy vegetables for the same rea- be taken into consideration to a cer- son. tain extent but we must also have; The classification of foods will prove some other guiding principles. ; helpful in the planning of meals whe- Heretofore, our chief principal ther for a family or a large group. seems to have been to put everything . Foods are grouped as follows: we could think of on the table and Group 1. â€" Body building foods in- trust to providence that we were get- elude lean meats, poultry, fish, oys- ting the right things to eat All sorts ters, clams, milk, cheese, eggs, dried of ills followed. Many of them just legumes, nuts, and other protein rich "worked off," we paid no attention to foods. them and in time they ceased to^ Group 2. â€" Starc'iy foods furnish trouble us. Others were so insistent energy and consist of bread, crackers, 11.11 i,«^c&«io c»xc iiic&vtv;. *j.i*j.- j/v,in,v»« â-  /•till II "â-  !»»• "Jump the Shot" may be played by "Kerplunk, perchug, slash, splash." ^^"""^ *'^ ^"'^"y ^^^ "^ <^°"-''"" ^ 'J°<^'^'"- "macaroni, rice, cereals, breakfast from ten to sixty or more players. A! The old log ship had hit a stump bean-bag tide to a rope is needed. The and off went the three little sleepy players stand in a circle, with one in Woodland boys into the water, the centre holding the end of the rope. . ~ â€" ^ T~~ . This player swings the rope around so! Fencing the Poultry Yard. describe a large circle on the floor or| jhe first rule for fencing poultry is ground, with a sufficient length of ; „ot to fence it at all, if you can get as rope to place the bag in Ime with the g^od results by fencing the garden feet of those in the circle. Players ^nd lawn. Fowls on range will re- jump to avoid being caught around the ^ain in a more healthy condition and ankles by the rope. Any one caught, ^iso ^ther considerable feed that in this way must retire from the ; ^quIj otherwise be wasted, circle. The player wins who longest; But if they insist upon visiting the retains Tiis place; or the one caught neighbor's garden, or range too much may be required to chance places ^p^n a public road, it will be neces- with the centre player and m turn | s^^y ^ fence them. In that case, one swing the rope. ^^^^ i,g ^^^ ^ ^Uow them enough To play "Seat Relay," divide play-i room. For a flock of 100 layers, a ers in two equal groups. Each group; gqu^re lot 100 feet on a side is as gets chairs and arranges them in an ' g^an ^g (3 considered safe. If double even line, far enough apart to allow ; yarding is practiced, from one-half roo mto run around each line without jo one-fourth as much mav be suf fi- interfenng with the other. A bean- ,.ient, but where land is not too ex- bag is given to each leader. At the, pensive, single yarding will probably starting signal he quickly passes it to prove more satisfactory. How many of these troubles were foods, meals, flours and other cereal caused by improper food, we shall , foods, never know. But it is safe to sayi Group 3.â€" Fatty foods furnish en- that food has caused more ills than "'"ify ^^^ include butter, cream, Inrd, have ever been suspected by either vegetable fats,, salt pork, bacon, choc- patient or doctor. Y'our doctor can no'ti '^''^^^ ^"<^ °"^^«'' ^^"y ^oods. posp.'bly know what foods you have' Group 4.â€" Fruits and vegetables been eating and often attributes vour ^"'"n'sh mineral matter. They are difficulties to other causes, when food spinach, peas, lettuce, potatoes, tur- either directly or indirectly was re- "'P^' apples, oranges, berries, other sponsible vegetables and fruits, raw or cooked. Foods have been sorted out In many „£f''Th°"~^"^'' ^""""^ furnish fn- wavs. Three divisions prove quite ^'^8^; /''f '*';? '^"P- ^*'""y' â- >«"'«»' J- e t -c A t •,. dried fruits and candy, satisfactory: Foods for maintenance,! kw a. l u ,_ ^ > , ,.. , A.\\ five groups should be renresent- foods for corrective purposes, and . • ., j. ^^ , hi~c"x- foods for protective purposVs. In the °*^ '" ^JT ^'f, '^^'^^ ^â- ^'^' '^"'^ f^°"* first class we put the fats, the starch- ""^-^"t'^ f the enUre amount should , it. i- u -ij. be chosen from the nrst ktoud. This es and sugars, the tissue-buildmg .„ â-  , , ., ,. * 'l . e A ,. J iu • 1 will insure enough building and repair foods, water and the minerals. 1 ,. • , , r • '^"=»"*" ^, . , , I material. A generous selection from If you weigh too much, or to-> little, the fourth group will in.sure the nec- if you are troubled with constipation, essary bulk, mineral substances, and or diabetes, or many of the other dis- organic acids. Many times when a turbances caused from lack of proper ^eal is analyzed one finds too much food, you can correct these troubles his neighbor, who passes it on to his neighbor, and so on to the end of the Mineral Matter for Hogs. An experiment in hog feeding has been carried on at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C., to determine the influence of feeding mineral mat- t jr to hogs. The mineral mixture con- sisted of ground bone meal, 8 pounds, p^>und charcoal 6 pounds, ground Tock phosphate 5 pounds, and salt 3 pounds. This nnixture was fed at the rate of 3 per cent, of the grain ration. The other foods consisted of a mixture of shorts, four parts, and one part each of corn meal, chopped oats, and chopped barley. The results showed that, in every instance where the min- "#ral was fed, greater and cheaper gains were made. Some of the lots received boiled potatoes in addition to the other feeds. It is reported by Mr. W. H. Hicks, the superintendent who conducted the experiment, that the po- tatoes apparently had a good effect especially on the health of the pigs, more particularly in relation to rheu- matism, as no stiffness was present in any of the pens where potatoes were fed. Some of the pigs were fed regu- larly at meal time, while other pens had access to self-feeders. The pigs that had free access to the self- feeders and received no mineral were the greatest sufferers from rheuma- tism. The Septic Tank. It consists of a large concrete tank divided into two compartments by a ver*'cal partition. The size for a single hmiM is about 4'x8' and 3H' deep. This tank holds the sewage long enough for a certain kind of Ls'teria to destroy the s<>lld matter. When the liquid accumulates to a cer- tain amount a non-cheoiical affair called a siphon emptier ore of the chambers into a system of field tile, lalicd the aI>s#rptior bed, laid shallow under the ground. Any remaining »»\«ige rs de-troyod in thi; soil by an- •..th.'i' ki>)il i\* b.-ictiria that Ilvs nsar a .,•.*•> - â€" i,hc top of the ground. In this way these friendly bacteria are enabled to do a very valuable work for ns. This is science applied to a useful purpose, 80 says Prof. R. R. Graham. We supply bulletin and blue-print to any one wishing to build a septic tank. All necessary information is given in these, and by thtlr helpful suggestions any handy man can build it Cost for cement siphcii, fittint;s and tile amounts to about $.">:i. The tank may be located close to the house and the tile laid under the lawn or garden. -..__ ^ â€" ^-^â€" The Farm Water Supply. There are two main sources, name- ly, well and spring (both hard water) and rain water (soft). Any one thinking of installing a modem water system and plumbing in his home should make sure that his water sup- ply is both plentiful and safely pro- tected from all possible sources of con- tamination. Much more water will be used daily under modern than under old conditions of service â€" about 30 gallons per person per day. Ask the 0. A. College to assist you in solving the following problems in this matter of water supply, so says Prof. R. R. Graham : 1. How to increase the well and spring supplies of water. 2. How to safeguard these supplies from surface contamination. 3. How to make more u.se of the rain water supply. 4. How to get that fine spring water running through your house and stables by Installing the hydraulic ram near the spring. « Iris and madonna lilies can be pkinted in August Hollyhock se«d can be planted for next year's flower- ing. Ever try the double hollyhocks? He who permits his hens to roost upon the waffon wheels In winter, need not be surprised if there are no eggs. Comfort Is a factor In egg production. you can correct tnese troubles fat, too much protein, or too much by choosing food wisely. The rtarches starch, or perhaps not enough mineral Poultry netting should be stretched 1 and sugars build fatty tissues if they niatter present. With » little atten- ..,,., . , on posts about twelve feet apart For are not all burned for energy and heat tion to selection usine this simnln hne As soon as the last player gets the heavier breeds, this fence may be Avoid them in large amounts if you classification as a eulde the meal ma! It, he jumps up and runs down to the; about five feet high, but for Leg- would cut down your weight Bulky be planned ea'.llv ^ other end of the Ime and sits down in , horns, it should be as high as seven or foods such as watery vegefibles. while it is ^not possible to sav the t:'':^i:iz:::Tt^'ti^TZ\-^^ ^^'-^-^ .,- j^-^-^i -^^ -^_i--, the .ast wording s^::^?^^^^ line again. (To make room for him every player in the line has shifted one chair tow^ard the end of the line). The game continues in this manner, the whole line being ready to shift as soon as the bag reaches the end player, until the leader gets back in his orig- It will be easier to keep chickens in whole grain are all very valuable in to eat there are manv principles a yard where shade, feed, and water curing constipation. '.^hich if followed wisely "would make are always available. But if the fly- | A farmer said recently: "There Is for better health, which is the foundiv- mg habit starts, it must be curbed at ; something to this feeding business, tion of better living. It might be well once. When one flies out of the pen. My son can feed the dairy cows and to "think twice before you eat " At others are likely to follow. You will ; feed them less than I do, and it costs any rate think more about it in the find that certain chickens are the less, too. and they will give more milk future than you have thought of it In inal place. This ends the game. Lines rtltasetTt maf b7 nec^sarv lo ' th"" "''" ' .'r' \''Tv '"T "^" ^'°t '^' '"'\'''' °" â- '''' information you one and two olav simultaneouslv The' '^^"^^'^ '=^*^^' ^^ ""7 ^* necessary to there is something to this if you just have, seek more information, and bet- Zt^ ^.Jt^^^l simultaneously. Ihe, resort to cropping of wings. Of course, study it out" ter health is sure to be your reward. first one through wins. THE SHIPWRECK, three little Woodland chickens immediately begin to grow new feathers, and use nutrients that should be expended for growth on eggs. Crop only one wing on each The three little Woodland boy Jackie Rabbit, Willie Woodchuck and fowl. Johnnie Muskrat were thinking hard For fences six feet or more in how they might get to shore as they height a neater job can usually be drifted, drifted toward the Big Sea on had by using two strips of netting. Planting Currants. their funny little ship, the old fishing log. Of course, Johnnie Muskrat could get back, for he could swim. But he vras trying to think of some way to get his two little friends back with him. "If we only had a paddle," said Willie. "Yes, and if we had wings we might fly," said Johnnie. "Perhaps the wind will change and a merry little breeze will blow us to shore," said Jackie. But no paddle drifted by and they did not have wings and the merry lit- tle breeze they wished for did not come. So it was three frightened little bojrs that sailed along their log ship. As they drifted along the shadows on the shore grew longer. Soon the If the smaller size mesh is used at the spring they will probably have sprout- bottom, the fence will turn little chick- ^^ somewhat before planting, and on ens at the minimum expense. should be well tramped about the ^ young plants to prevent its drying out The best time to plant currants is After planting, the soil should ba in the autumn, says the Dominion levelled and the surface loosened to Horticulturist, Mr. W. T. Macoun, help retain moisture. who continues: If planted in the; this account their growth in the first season will be checked. Where the soil ', is in good condition, currants, espe- cially the black varieties, make utrcng , growth, and the bu.shes reach a largo I size; h.^ne- it is better to give them [ plenty of space, as thry will do better ; : and are easier picked than if crowded. ' • Five to six feet is a good distance to ; plant. If planted closer, especially | I in g:ood soil, the bushes become very I crowded before it is time to renew the I plantation. Strong one-year-old plants ' are the best but two-year-old plants ! are better than poorly rooted year- ; lings. It is better to err on the side; Happy Prospect Indeed. "You say they anticipate a very ^ happy married life?" j of planting a little deeper than is "My dear, all their relatives are so necessary than to plant too shallow, angry with them because they got ' A good rule to follow is to set the sun went to bed behind a hill, and still I mamed they've vowed theyil never ! plants at least an inch deeper than they kept on drifting. Then a little I visit them." Having a little spare time on his hands the cameraman deoiled on au from Mount Royal, looking south, is the result plane irii) and this view d' .Mouirv.i Would be Wholly Undeserved. "They say she'll probably ^in lUe peace prize." "What, she! Why, to my certain knowledge that Wiiuian's resiwnsiblo for at least a dozen marriages." Yams belong to the Yam family, while sweet potatoes belong to the Morning-glory family. !i;sh potatoes belong to the nightrhad'.? family. The windmill is the cheapest source of farm power, and it ought to hav« more credit than if gets. One draw- back to its usefulness is that frequent- ly it is placed loo high up in the air. When the manufacturer sells the farmer a windmill, he wants to sell him a high tower 10 put it on. That i.'' good business for the maker, but rot always, for the farmer, becniiso there are some locations where the windmill will do better work nearer the ground, and there will be les» dan- ger from hea"y winds. Give the '•Id motor fair plav. and it will do ita fair sh.ire of the woni'g worli asd M)ird itsclt