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i -'«?. aec AMrwa •MnmrnntmOon* t» Aow w ai WC n'AtMmMt St. WmU TerMM POULTRY Bird* nqtiire hmw* air tlwn oiM^t animal* and a poultry houM miuit hava drynaaa, lisht and vantilation. O.A.C. No. 144 Oat TiM O.A.G. Na. 144 oat was obteln. •d from th« Siberian variaty through nursary plant aalaetion. Thla oat. The ideal equipmant for tha amallj which mature* about tha sama time aa farm flock would be one laying-houaa i the Banner, ha» a spreading head, and one brooder house. The brooder j white grain and leaa than the average house can be t«ii feet wide and ton j per cent, of hull found in oata. Tha TO PREVENT SORE SHOULDERS ON WORK HORSES. One of tha most important prob- lema on a farm where horses are used for a larga part of tha heavy work ia shoulder and neck of the horse should feet deep, built on skids and this la a large enough load for a team when the house is moved to clean soil for A com- ^^* growing of the chicks. used in: "^^^ '^''^ ^°*''' '" laying-houso is a always be smooth and hard. cob or currycomb may be â€" , ^ â-  scraping off the sweat and dirt from ^'"•••ier of du«aae Ui.'.ess five or six the surfaea I ""^"*" "' *"• **" •>â- * removed and In order to prevent galls and mora' replaced each year. Board floors are straw is sti-ong and it has ppvan to be an excellent yielder of grain. When tested on thirtx-two farms situated in twenty-one different coun- ties in Ontario in 1028, It outyielded the O.A.C. No. 72 by 6.7 bushels, the Ibme Edncatioo Tk* OMI#a ^fMl •akaai la Uia P»m»f- T«Mlung Definite Task*â€" Bjr Edith Lochrklfe Riii! Children laam to lov* work quit* a load of blocks ia lots of fun. as well as play If the mother usea taet| So from caring for taya ha and wladom in assigning tha llrst learA to hang up his coat Ba sur* little personal tasks. But a child must there is a huok low down and in aa aaaumad duties and responsibilitiea easily uccesslble place. He will early gradually. It will be useless to pick learn to put all his clothes away, and up baby's toys for two or three years thus become a real helper, for aa witr^ and then suddenly some day under mother will admit, picking up tha O.A.C. No. 8 by 10.3, and the Liberty | stress of conditions, announce to him . children's clothing from places wfaaf* Hulless oat by 17.3 bushels of grain that he must do it himself. Not only I it has been atrawn, demands many that of pravanting and treating aora g^^j^^, conditions is it not enough to "" right, but expensive. Concrete ^ per acre. In triplicate plot testa at will ba rebel at the disciplinu of tha hours of time in the courae of a yaar. .v-..>j â€" attention to the selection '•oo'"* s""* *!» >»** economical In tha the Collaga In the average of the last | task, but ha will be really bothered i There isn't a doubt but that vary ahauldara. Bora shottldars greatly lessen tha «Meianey of a horse in the fleld be- •Idaa baing vary painful to the animal. end. and care of the collar. The shoulder «•»»• ^f «» with field stone about six of the horse should always be watched '"'^^•«. *<> »"-e«k the rise of capillary , and given spacial car. regularly when ™°"''"«- An asphalt top «» the floor â- ore shouldara are much more com- the animal is at steady work. If the P«'P' «> â- "»«? ',* "'7. All of the floors non on young horses unused to the' jecUon of the collar has been prop- ^ ***« <=°"t««* !«>"««» *«•» "^«"<* ***»» flv^yeara, it surpassed the O.A.C. No. 72 by 4.8 and the Banner by 6.6 bosh- els of grain per acre. During this five-year period, the Straw of this about how to go ubout it and just omall children can be trained to do where everything belongs. many tasks successfullyâ€" often sur- A better method is to Btart as so^ â-  prising a caaual observer who hap* aa Bobbie can get around well on his | pens to drop in during their par- variety lodged less than either the feet by himself. Pick up tlie toy dog formance but who haa not been '^ work than on old hardened animals. | ^,1, ^,^0 and all other things In re-' " '^^" '"y"*" "' asphalt over the cem-j O.A.C. No. 72 or Banner oats. | and say, "Now let's put Fu»zy-wuzzy A young draft horse often gets sora -.rj to this piece of the harness' *"*• "^^^ asphalt paint is put on cold This new oat, originated by the De-; in tha corner of the box here. Tliat's shoulders when first broken to work, fooked after the care of the animal's â- ""* *"owe<l *« harden for about Ihreo partment of Field Husbandry of the hia home." Bobbie U bound to be haeause of tender skin, but the moat ' ghouldar is a simple process Under i'**''" *"** ****" ^^^^ ^°*" *^*'* capil- Ontario Agricultural College, will be interested. The next day when play- aommott cause is poorly fitting collars. I n^nnal conditions washing the shoul-i ^^^ water. one of the varieties of oats distributed time is ovar suggest that Bobbie take In all cases, whan providing a col-l der with soap and pure water at the' \ P0"\'7 house which is Kiving this »Pring for co-operative tesU by , Fuz^-wuzxy home all alone^ He will Ut for a horsa the collar should ba' end of a day's work, when the harness 1 K?°'*/*^'«'j}f'>"' J»»« ,,'». ''?*«'''*'''' J^«. Agricultural and Experimental be as proud as anything to do this fitted to tha horaa and not the horae has bean removed, and thoroughly,".'"''/*^*- The back wall is four feet, Union Any farmer who wishes to '5« ^f"^. So for several weeks let io the collar-that is, a coUar that is drying tha part by rubbing it with J"' '"f'^'f ' ""«^ the front wall three | give this oat a trial will receive seed this bit of work grow into a hubit. too large should not ba used on a clean cloths, is all that is necessary, 'f^ "'^ '"'=*'.««; ^he roof lights are by making application to the Secr«- InBlst that the dog b. put away. Then V 5..V ^1.- •.__- ^^-^ V >» a_ mt ,^ ^L ^ ._ v.!„_ ..__,.._ X _iJor green sash to inve an even distrl-ltary of the Experimental Union for «dd one other toy. Bobbie can by one under each arm, big achievement in his consequently is available only to co- •y** horse with tha hop* that he will fin- The colt that is being broken to work' Tt- /.. Uf .i,** C * I I \ T^ ^\ ^T '='«Pe"'nenta» union Tor »au one omer - ,, 3 i should be started in on ^t " "' light throughout the house the Oat Experiment. The supply of this time carry " " There are back windows to prevent seed of this variety is limited and which is a ' - operative experimenters. Sacrifice of Dairy Calves. A saving of heifer calves from TOveraftoys in" hi8"rittie red wagon heavy milking cows kept for produc level floor or ground with his head of tha tongue when the implement iSt^^i^.^ „^ fourteen inches wide, and held at a height which seems to re-, being drawn; side draft, a free-going aemble his carriage when at work. | an*mal hitched with a slow or lazy one The collar, when fastened, should fit where the head of the fast one may snugly to the side of the neck, and the be drawn to one side while working; face of the collar should correspond walking on a ridge or in a furrow closely and be in even contact with the' that is too narrow, which may cause aurface of the shoulder from the top, the animal to slip constantly or side- of the withers to the region of tha step and in this way injure his shoul- throat At the throat there should be' ders. Besides these we have these enough room for a man's hand to ba! parts of the body, the neck and shoul- inserted inside the collar. ders, exposed to accidental injuries. The collar selected should have The most common diseases found in ample hame space so that any likeli- ' the neck-and-shoulder region of the hood of hames pulling off and bruis- work horse are galls, hot abscesses, â- Uy get large enough to make it fit in the spring properly. ,TW>-1« a mistake that Is light diift while the weather Is still ., ,, , „*.„i,i„„ „„ „«., *i,« ifteTmade on colts at breaking time, cool so hU shoulders as well as the u'tv'l^*;. T«.tf^ ^ >, i , . . L ij _i * 1.1 u J u i. V J I back of the house and help In sum- â- K common causa for sore shoulders rert of hia body may be toughened, i ^^^ ventilation. Hens face the light in older horaes Is improper car. of, Other common causes for diseased. ^^^ ^j^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ,.^ ^^^ ^^- ^- *v n »,. V I *f. "*''»"''**" °" t h°f«« where, ,„„tinually be forked toward the front When trying the collar on the horse preventive measures should ba aP- i if the house haa no back window.? to see if it will fit, the animal should plied are; Implements with excessive ^^ ventilator for the house can be he m a natural standing position on tongue weight or excessive movement | ^^ -^Ivanized pipe or wood about *«» ">»k for city trade, was urged at ..1 A A â„¢.»i. 1.1- i..»j ^* *v, ♦ „,u„„ f,,„ . â€" ^,„„„„f .» » >â-  r ^jjg j)|jjj.y ^^^^^ Conference recently held in Ottawa. An enormous aacri- tice of good dairy stock is said to re- sult from tha present practice where- by dairymen in many cases depend upon buying to replenish their herds instead of rearing the heifers from good cows. Cases were instanced of many carloads a year of the very best cows being bought up and shipped out of certain counties in Ontario to re- plenish com:nereial milking herds. Under thi.s system the cows no longer produce the progeny they are capable of producing, which is so much needed. It was urged that means be found for inducing milk producing farmers to use improved bulls only, and to en- courage the organization of heifer clubs omong the boys and girls for taking over anUro'-'-vng heifer calves. fy : â€" Sprouting Potatoes. Seed potatoes intended for early crop should be set to sprout not later than March 20th for south-western Ontario â€" northern and eastern dis- tricts correspondingly later, up to April 1st. Shallow flats or wooden trays about three inches deep are the most suitable container. The potatoes are set eye end up in the flats and ex- posed to the light in a room where the temperature does not go above 65 degrees. These \vill grow a sturdy vigorous sprout in three or four weeks. .J I thank heaven that I was born The point is, stick to one thing â€" teach just one task until it is so well learned that it is no trouble for the child to do it. Later he can haul ing the horse's shoulder during heavy draft will be eliminated. The hames should fit tightly in to the collar groove made for them. The horse collar should be exam- ined carefully every time it is groins to be used. All dirt and sweat found on the face of the collar should be cold abscesses, local dry gang^ne, shoulder sweeny and fistula of the withers. In practically all cases the causes are an ill-fitting collar or neg- lect of some of the preventive meas- ures mentioned. And while most of it is found that the wood ventilator is best. This type of ventilation helps to take the moisture from the straw and should extend to eighteen inches from the floor. Summer ventilators can bo placed in the roof or near the top of the ventilator shaft to reduce the heat in summer. This proves quite necessary, due to tne increase of he.at in the house, which results from the windows in the roof. Enough roosts should be provided in a poultry house to allow eicht inches per bird. The roosts should he nine inches from the front of the dropping boards and nine inches from the back and they should be fouiteen inches apart. 'Uid siied:> or shoop harns can sometime') be used for poultry houses by using a straw loft for veii- vritnesa to the gradual development. However, two important points must be remembered in this phase of train- ing, the tasks mu>'|^ taught one tH a time until thorou^ly leamwl, and they must ba made a pi|'^ ^ the daily routine. It is useless 1o>have baby pick up the toy dog two d^sa week and mother do it the rest ufiRkk^me. Any lapse in the program ia fataTW "*" success. In employing such a method in child training we are only making use of a psychological principle aa old as tha human race, and one which applies to adults as well aa children; we all like to do things that we can do well, and we learn to do things easily and pro- perly by doing them often. A Gorgeous Flower for Shady Spots. tuber uppermost Tuberous begonia plants as well as dormant tubers are frequently offered as premiums for membership in the horticultural so- cieties. By this means the tuberous The shady part of the garden that will not grow even decent grass can , be made beautiful by the use of the; begonia has become well known in tuberous begonia. So long as a biti'"8ny Parts of the province that of the ground can get either the early j they might not otherwise have reach- morning or late afternoon sun, or for ; ^^- The surface of the soil should be an houi's duration during the middle i'^sP* stirred during the summer and of the day, a bed of tuberous begonias j * dressing of bonemeal or other ma- planted there will bring charming ""^e, preferrably from the poultry results. This plant does for the shady! yard, aPPhed from time to time.â€" spot what the geranium does for thai Ontario Horticultural Association. cleaned off and the surface which' loss to the owner and painful to the comes into actual contact with the horse. It's Easy to Save Girdled Trees By Gilbert W. Peck Bridge grafting may seem like the , done the pressure of the growing scion against the stock, late in the season, may force it to give way at the top or bottom. This bow also per- mits the tree to rock to and fro in heavy winds without danger of break- ing the unions. The scions of a girdle should b'e placed about an inch and a half apart. If .this is done it takes only three or four years for them to grow together and g^ives a much larger carrying capacity for quick re- covery of the tree. DORMANT WOOD ESSENTIAL. If a tree has been girdled on one side only it is advisable to put in the necessary number of bridges to take care of the wound. Fine wire brads about an inch and a quarter, with job for an expert, but it is not a dif- ficult operation and the amateur who will follow a few simple instructions ftould be as successful in the work as a man with experience. Many instances might be cited where growers, inexperienced in bridge grafting, have saved for them- selves many dollars' worth of fruit trees. Nevertheless, thousands of trees are allowed to die because the growers lack confidence in their r-'-'l- Ity to do the work. Some men, t< ,, have the idea that a bridge-grafted •tree always lags behind, is unproduc- tive and sickly. This is not the ex- perience of the vast majority of grow- these diseases yield quite readily to tiiation. The waste oil from a crnnk treatment, in all cases they are a| case is fine to kill mites. The nests should be a foot square and hinged to the wall, and about one nest to six birds is a satisfactory ratio. » . â€" _ I use old inner tubes for rim liners. Split the tube and cut as wide as the rim. Put around rim and punch holes in tube for valve to go through. This holds tube in place. You will get much longer wear from jour good tubes, as they do not get against the rim and rot.â€" J. W. S. Hens or pullets forced for heavy egg production during the winter should not be used for breeders in the spring, for the vitality of a flock is reduced by forced feeding. Treating Concrete for the Stable Floors. sunny location, but it does more be- cause of the variety of colors secured and the greater beauty of the foliage. The tuberous begonia cannot be used' in an open location facing the sun I Regarding the treating of concrete during the hot part of the day because ' floors for dairy barns and stfllte, I the leaves are apt to curl up and know of no special way except by dif- wither. i ferent methods of laying. There are The tuberous begonia has beenh^° 'J"*'! different ways of placing greatly doveloped in recent years. ' '^""^'â- ete for this purpose and in doing The best varieties produce flowers from four to six inchcr- across and bloom from July until frost â- +akes them off. They require rich soil. When the space is reached by the i either it is necessary to avoid two evils. One evil is to get the floor so smooth that the animals slip badly on it; tha oxhir^ to get it so rough that it ia roots of trees, they need plenty of; if"^"" ^ '^^^"•K^nA hn^^a weariM moisture. If started in light soil in effect. poor.â€" Sir Ernest Pollock. pots or flats set in a warm place at \ ^^P satisfactory floor can be the first of April, they will be almost â„¢"^^ °* concrete by what is known aa ready to bud by the first of June, but some growers prefer to plant the tub- ers direct in the soil early in May or as soon as the ground would be ready for potatoes. The plants should be set 12 to 15 the one-course method of construction. By this method the concrete is laid of the desired thickness, wet enough so that it will quake when struck with a shovel. It is then screeded, with a two-by-four sawed back and forth I \ It is essential to success in bridge grafting that scion wood be dormant i«N ors who have done bridge grafting. Now and then a girdled tree which large flat heads, are satisfactory for has been saved may become sickly and nailing in the scions worthless, but this may be due entire- . \f to some otb<tr cause. There are a few essentials in con- j it the Hme it is usel. This may be section with the operation of bridgre' accomplished by cutting the scions \ ,< grafting that must be adhered to in ' any time during late fall or winter ^It*. Srder to insure success. The under- 1 and by keeping them in a cool cellar, lying principle in all forms of graft- buried in moist sand or sawdust. One lltg Is the same â€" that is. the cambium, should be careful not to keep them too or growing tissues of stock, and scion \ Vet or allow them to dry out. Scion must come in contact with each other; wood may be allowed to remain in the or growth cannot result. The cam- trees with safety until a month or bium is a single layer of cells between three weeks before the grafting is to the bark and the wood, and it is this be done. Vigorous one-year-old wa'ter tissue of a scion that must come in sprouts or sucker grrowths from hardy contact with the same tissue on the varieties such as Mcintosh, Duchess, trunk of m girdled tree before the Wealthy. Snow, Spy, or the like, make -1 graft can possibly unite and grow. here's thx bubb-fire method. the very best scion wood. During early spring young orchards should be look Here is the simpls method which ed over carefully for mice injury so has proved entirely succeesfuL The that If damage has been done there scions are made three or four inches will be ample time to collect a supply longer than the girdle and large por- of scion wood. If some of the trees tlons of growing tissues are exposed have been girdled down to the roots it' ' fcy cuts at each end of the injured will be necessary in cutting the scion â- ection. Usually It is advisable to' wood to secure a supply curved to flt \ cut the lower end of the scion first, the girdled portion on these particular! -ifid place it In position on the trunk trees. ^ tast below the girdle, where it is out- ' For best i-csults grafting should be it lined on the bark The scion is then delayed until a very little green shows Twmoved and, following the outline, in the tree about the time the first • the bark is cut through into the wood, leaves are from a quarter to half an If the grafting Is being done at the '"ch in length. At this time the bark nroper time the little piece of bark P««I« readily. ssrreeponding In size with the end of i As soon as the bridges on a girdled flie scion win slip out readily, expos-, tree are in place it is necessary that inc a considerable portion of cambium all eut surfaces be carefully and im- tlssue "The scion U then put in place mediately waxed to prevent drying and hrid while tha other end la bent; out vf*r against the bark at the upper' Kelt together five pounds of crush- .side of the girdla This should be flone to get a better idea of the eor^ •fc vast plane on which the top cut should ^ |(fe madsk The cut surf aca of the sdva >Aea]d flt flat on the expoeed stock. tin When the scion is ready fw hiser- tlon it should be nailed at the bottom first. In order to bold tha middle vvr- tion of the scion from eomiaf doaa â- gainst tha girdle, it may ba ascsa â- ary to use a wediga, ba t w e a a It aad lite trunk, when nailing fai tha toyi It h very important that the sekms of a bridge be bowed out half or thrsa quarters ot an iaeh. If this is no% ed rosin and either one pound of bees- wax or a pound of paraffin. To this add half a pint of raw linseed oil, and when tha mixture has cooled some- what stir in half a pound of powdered charcoal until smooth and free from lumpa ♦ A eoncrata hog-wallow beats tha old-fssbionad Und, and also permits the hog oimar to ward off disease. inches apart, about 2% to 3 inches I ^"^^""^^ *^® surface, and settled by deep, with the hollow side of the striking gently and rapidly on the top of this two-by-four. It may then be floated with a wooden trowel which gives an even surface and one which can be cleaned reasonably well. A mora expensive method of floor construction is laying the concrete in two floors somewhat in the same man- ner as sidewalks are usually con- structed, A thickness of floor is put in and a surface coat of richer ma- terial, usually one of cement to two of sand, mixed wet, is placed on top. It is then leveled by means of the two- by-four used as a screed, and a wood* en float for leveling. It is generally advisable to use the steel trowel very sparingly on the surface as it has a tendency to pull toward the surface and to produce a very smooth surface which is also likely to crack if too much cement is drawn to the surface. Where con- crete floors are used in the stalls for animals, it is advisable to keep plenty .of bedding In the stalls. Cork floors or creosoted wood block floors are sonieimes used for stalls. Perhaps the principal advantage ia that the.se floors conduct less heat so that the animals are kept somewhat warmer, hese floors, are, however, more expensive than concrete. â€" H, H. M. Ths boK may not ba thoroughly BsM la arttlmaHa. but when you I ts MPavs ssol k* to thsM^ |. PACIFIC COAST FISHERIES TRADE WITH ORIENT ^ Number 1â€" Unloading fleta by elevatoi" at Port Albenil. Number 2â€" Captain R*B. Benett, skipper of the steamer Prlticose Ene, wliich has carried 12,000 tons of salt herring this seaman from Barclay Sounil U) Vancouver for trsns-Fliiinneiit to the Orient. Number 3 â€" Canaillan Paclflc 3.S. Princess Ena. Number 4- Sysi«>m of harvest- ing the herring. Number 5- Slinging flsh from scow to dock. Number 8 Product in barrels ready for expori. Common Clay for a Forge. I have noticed small cast-iron forges in farm workshops ubout the country, and have observed that very few of the hearths are provided with the clay coating that .should be main- tained for the preservation of tha forge and insurani-e against Are. Fire clay is, of course, recommend- ed by the manufacturers for this pur-» pose, but common clpy, if it is free from other substances, will serve the purpo.se. The clay should be moisten- ed with water enough to make it plastic or puttylike in consistency, and a smooth coating applied over the surface of the hearth to the thickness of one inch at the least. Care should bo observed that none of the clay is allowed to drop into the air-blast opening. After applying, the clay should be allowed to dry naturally for a day or two, according to weather condition.s, after which a fire should be built in the forge to harden the coating. A slow, steady heat for two hours will usually suffice to give th« clay a' brick-hard finish.- G. E. H .'^.ii;:!i- is found in the sap of nearly two liunJred plants jnd tr