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Home Education -The Child's Pint ohoot to th Family" Proefcel" AddreM communication, to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West. Teront* WINTER COVERING FOR STRAW- BERRIES. Strawberry plants may be injured by alternate freezing and thawing, reply waa: "You have killed the lice that were is being carried through the winter POULTRY month*, the aim should be to provide p<nrll ^ ^^ of the her with as near summer conditions ^ and ^ sim ,, ar in character as possible, with respect to cise,; and , diflk , diwr nose. In succulent feed m the form of roots, M ^ rf a mM n access to a mineral mixture and a no8trila an(J are , ff _ _ gram ration of equal parts barley and cmUrrha j condition> and ama n bubbles ; - _ , . oats fed with skimmilk or buttermilk, 8fe noticed jn the C(>rrerg of the eyes neighbor's across the wsy. when her not leading the children in the singing it can be spared, or in lieu of skim- ^ noatTi]a with but , it tle if any little daughter Eilda. and her niece, a as usual. That afternoon I called her milk feed about 10 per cent, tankage. odor a . u fa t e/ flc i en t rem- year older, came home from school. to me, as she wa washing the board. - -- 1 asked, 'Why is it, dear, that my lit- tle girl hasn't been singing lately?* And to my surprise, she began crying, t can't sing. All I do is to wish I Tby . D You Appreciate Your Chfldren By Helen Gregg Green ll bubbles' I happened to be chatting at my but the other day I noticed she wa ticlng veterinary medicine. And my toher farrowing her first litter is a and ona rt gweet oU . Inject lnto M} 8al(J Marf ^Ung her r* nA*\1ir wan- StrOnir detsMmin i n tr Tnr-trir In nor HP- ., .* I and usefulness on the hogs, but you haven't killed the In 1921 the Department of Animal A few drop8 of ftdded to ^ eyes, nostrils and throat by the port at her aunt of a small spring-bottom oil can.j "And where is yours, daughter?" ,,,,,,. , , lice in the cracks of the hog-house Husbandry of the Ontario Agricul- m b f urt her aid to hreathinir Sl^ySS^alSL*? fl* i walls and floor, You haven't remov- tural College supervised the problem ** iT^t ^nt to be most the source of the lice. of investigating 800 littera of each of affectad and ftlu witfc use ^1 Another reason U that the nits seven different breeds, viz: Yorkshire, nmedy more freely m ^ throat than oil and thus injure or break the roots. They may be injured during are covered with a thick gelatinous Tamworth, Berkshire, Hampshire, in ^ nO8tr ji s substance which renders them immune Chester White, Duroc Jersey and Po- the cold of winter by the frost drying out the crown of the plant and the leaves. Heaving of the plants seldom; to^osTlouse tewiitaenk"" If the nits land China. This investigation cover^ occurs on a well drained soil, but oni ^ not deatro yed thy infest the hog ed this number of litters farrowed in soils poorly drained the plants are again - n a week Qr ten days/ . one year. The 5,600 litters farrowed "Well, Doc, how can I get rid of numbered 49,400 pigs, or an average smal^'q^antity jeee lice in the cracks, and how can per litter of 8.82 for a twelve months' To ,;:.:, mother demanded. "Oh, darling, don't call me 'daugh |ter,," evaded Hilda. Then coaxing the child's report card from her, the mother began to scrut- could get grades like Marie's'." I said, "Oh, I thought so!" And Mies Reid, seeing I was inter- ested, continued. "Poor little child! She has tried so hard, and she does good work in of likely to suffer considerably, particu- larly during the very early spring after the snow has melted. In cer- tain situations there may be little loss from cold, as the drying effect of the cold may be lessened because of the natural protection afforded, or the now may give the protection xv- quired. I get rid of the nits?" the fanner period. This would ask me. , I _ r ** J.i\JiH lilt n^ji* '^IICJ. AW/UU (.ail Lit- "The best method I know of is to to place pure-bred swine in a better ^ ,j etecte< i by the acr jd odor' heartening!" she added, clean up the buildings and pens thor- %ht than many see them. But when which it throwg off """* '-'' "- c " oughly, brush all the dust and dirt 5,600 litters of pigs from pure-bred from the cracks, sweep it into a pile, sows and pure-bred boars of seven vaseline may be used! lniz f lt "*** As for her cousin Marie, she and i I suppose you've disappointed me is a brilliant child, but she is not a 1 again," she exclaimed, while Hilda ! lovable one. I had several unfortunate stood pulling nervously at her little experiences with her, while Hilda," i handkerchief. , her brown eyea danced, "ia the prid^ spread of the dis- "WI / is it,** the mother asked, "that of my heart. She has, oh, so much one member of the familv has all the nersonalitv." the little inci- dent of the report, begged "Ah, at last we have the answer. period. This average is higher than easc> al , 3ick fowfe jhould bo 3eparat . one member of the family has all the personality." most people would believe, and serves ^ from the wen onea j^^ c ' &n al _ brains? Oh, Hilda, this is too dis- And then I told her But look, Mrs. Field," In ' r , -.,.,- f tl f i t. nd burn il - DonFt thr W U n a Ptl * fefent bT ?!f* "T 8 " a u *f ldf . 8 ' 82 ash - at the rat ol about one-fourth of In order to make sure of the plants outaide the fence for the lice to craw i pigs per litter, the pure-bred pig, so >re<1 The drinking water may also be Hil(la - handing me the report, "Don't Well, I don't need to go down town, dif - medicated with permanganate of pot- >' ou think mv art rad > 3 good?" anyway. I'm going to see Hilda'B It was excellent, and so was her mother," she declared. the hog house and feeding floor. Spray -, , u*0 UVtL insuac cuiu itrrrvjui^ uwi . ivj^ioj ... more uniform temperature. The soil or dip the bog3 Don - t let itxm ^ mary of results that each and every will not freeze so quickly under a mulch and is slower in thawing than where no covering is given. Thus with a mulch the plants are better able to avoid the alternate freezing and thawing of spring, with its con- sequent disastrous results. If the in- Jury is due to drying out, which often tato or it ^ "roostinir Quarters should be 8rettin * along in "" happens in mulch will Plants exposed situations, the this trouble. hot sun until they are dry, breed has a creditable record, blister them. This will not The data from which the nits, so the hogs should b* w we obtained was secured again in ten days to kill the Canadian Live Stock Records lice." When a breeder makes appli just as good, isn't It, register the progeny of pure-bred Doc?" would often be asked me. * ir l* nd dai ? e he , must furn ' sh , : . I stuff and a good" roughage" like "bran Rainfall Affecting Potato Rot "No. Crude oil ia not as good for 1- The number of pigs in the litter | maah( should be con9Un tly before the TCCting rotate KOL treating lousy pigs aa a good coal-tar 2 - The number of males in the litter. f ow ig. jf possible do not allow nools Very careful records of the rainfall _!*_ TV* __ 1 * j*. 1 '' T* V-, ., _ . r* , t .1 *" r ., ., 1ui ! _ *^_ !!*. A^+IKA /"^ll U _ . . *.!_ _ music grade, both of which the mother' The next day my neighbor across ' the way came to see me. met Hilda's! "Oh. what a foolish mother I've ;been," she said, "breaking the spirit -.cidibor, Hilda, of my little girl. I am so grateful to ii-"" 1 1 inquired, her teacher for opening my eyes. I "I have learned there are other asset* di P" Di P has a healin ^ effect on 3 " . nUmber f femal69 ln the litWr - o' stagnant water to stand about for at * CM *S have b " be completely dried out conditions, if the air is dry, a heavier mulch may be necessary than where the atmosphere is humid and the con- " n - aer san aou or by the T un -| irritation of the skin caused by the < The date of farrowing. I the fowls to drink from. Do not crowd Department of Agricultural Physics Sft r bitin 8 ^ * lice " ! L 11le3e a PP hcatlon forma ^rnished ^ ^^ fow!s in one nMti lac in each of the past sixteen years. In Under such Many of my good farmer clients did the source of the information which and 3^ t^t the houseg have plenty comparing the amount of rainfall dur- ' not any stock dip> ^j from heard & is quest i on: "I'd is reliable. The following table shows of freah air and aun8h l n e. the average number of pigs per litter : to treat these lousy pigs, but I'll have to wart until I can get to town to get sequent loss from evaporation less. In situations with a fairly moderate some d j p > climate a light mulch is all that is , am not sure." rd reply . If you necessary, as too heavy a mulch may hav , kerosene ,, 3oap T can teH you caus* injury because of the plants how to treat ^ em Take being kept damp and mould develop- O f coa j o jj ing. In the colder sections a good No. of litters blanket of snow can usually be de- mon Uundr ^ 800 , Berk3h' re ....... 8 d of com . Haxnpsh.re ... 800 and disg(>lve the Chester White ... Duroc Jersey .... ane o snow can usuay e e- , n one of boiH water .... pended upon, and under such condi- Add th . e coal oil to this solution wh;le Poland Chma .... 800 Average per litter 10.2 9.4 8.3 8.2 9.3 8.4 8.0 SHEEP Some flock owners consider it a feasible practice to breed ewe lambs the first year. While perhaps condi- tions alter cases, I do not believe it advisable to breed ewe lambs until ing the months of July, August and September with the amount of rot in the potato crop in each of the past sixteen years son-.? interesting infor- annnal THE CHILDREN'S HOUR WHY ROLLY RABBIT LIVES ALONE. Roily Rabbit made a fine nurse and ^~ doctor. Soon he had Bruin very com- to"f or the eight years Portable; so comfortable, in fact, that was no rot was 7.1 ha beean to forget about <- and , . u inches, for the four years when there tnev are two yearj oid and nave reach- ' that he was really hungry tnai rr hnnorv tno After nungry, 100. AIUJI- tion a heavy mulch with the snow it u stm hot> gtirringr vi goroU3 ly f or This table is of interest for several f._ C .^ * P fr UC f nsatl3fac ",ten minutes, then add one gallon of reasons. Besides proving that each this mixture to nine gallons of water, and every breed is fairly prolific, it tory conditions for the plants. much more rapidly O f * Of all mulch materials good clean Spray ^ e ho(f ^ it> ^^ it has gnowg that the bacon breed3 are , n ' - : the beet cooled Keep sprayed animals or ani- the lead with tho Yorkshire at the top. where ^ ing animals is a moat important pe- the This is pattered evenly over ma]g dipped in Ma so i ution from ^ Thi3 u lmportant , Canada plants at the rate of 2 tons per acre. bri(fht sunUght Best to apply in the the bacon hog Ls m/M in pears to have a very marked influence hungry. I hau just gone out to gathe . a ." in making conditions favorable or un- kttit wood for the morning fir. favorable for the development of rot. whcn l heard vou cal1 >hel P f, . "How grateful to you I am for help- A covering thick enough so that the plants are nicely hidden from view _ Storing Potatoes. evemn? ' Keep hogs in fairly tight is well to notice, too, that the BerK- riod and j believe more depends upon use the crop is usuaily stored in _.. ally amcle and careful scatter t '"-\\' ? -t TU , ng *S* ln3 * * othe r shire and Hampshire breeds, which ^is period of growth and development cellars of the housed or of the barns. l"e eh LTn ; lirtt cVverin^is **J!**2!**jt. U ^ we , U tre *>"* considered as in- he- than an v other time. When animals Occasionally potatoes are stored i mo.it satisfartorv A lio-ht rovpHn*- to , P anlmala I*?** for * coup1 ,' 9 ***** the stnct 'y speaking bacon are young they should be given every pits. When the crop is grown coir ln * of days after treating with the coal- type and the pronounced lard of clean marsh ' u - J * ing me. I never could have gotten away from those horrid bees. I was If potatoes are grown only for home ; , 13t after some honey for my fast when they came after me. in ,_",. j- /-,, :rop is grown com- In short order> Ro ,, y Rabbit had covering than with straw pact hay may hold spring and result in decay of the plant. Spruce boughs make a covering, bu time to ga y The mulch should be placed in No- j vember when the ground is nicely j lected Durin g guch frozen, and is removed in the spring farmer f riend and during the last week in April or early May. It may be gathered when dry dipping vat?" and Poland Chinas, while the Poland, If my clients kept both hogs and with an average of eight pigs per lit- sheep, I usually advised it, for both ter, stands at the bottom. So far as could be dipped when they required it. size I knew that if they must be treated line up: and used for bedding, or may be say: "Well, I see a number of my neigh- bors use these rubbing posts, and I " placed between the rows to serve as I wondt ,; wh th ey wou i dn 't do ." a summer mulch, thus conserving moisture and keeping the fruit along the edge of the rows clean from sand. of profitable mut- sound, clean, dry potatoes and to keep; A gtrong friendsh ip see med to have production. them constantly in a dry, cool, dark . own up between them and soon they ng too young impairs constitu- and well ventilated place. The temp- wcre c hatting like old cronies, development and makes sheep eruture usually recommended for the ..j don ' t see * wn y those bees cam* more susceptible to minor ailments best results is from 33 deg. F. to 35 after me so gaid Bruin "My mother .. . ., and diseases. Sheep of low vitality' deg. F. It is stated that potatoes ^ honey just that way last 3. Chester White . 9 3 do not possess the essential physical when placed in storage shrink about an(1 tlwy dldn>t bothcr her 4 D uroc je-sey . 84 tren th to overcome attacks of dis- two per cent per month for a period "Very" true." said Roily Rabbit, "but g'u ease and while they may not succumb of six or seven months. ,, they are apt to prove unprofitable. By O.M j J * J' 1_*1 il_ ttat mt tim it wane 1- Yorkshire . . 10.2 2- Tamworth 9.4 HOW CAN YOU KILL ALL THE LICE ON YOUR HOGS. "My hogs still have lice after I dipped them and made a rubbing post How's come?" This question was put at mo frequently when I was prac- g |1 good care and feeding while the ewo lambs are young, more can be accom- Rubbing posts undoubtedly help to Som . 3 think that the Canadian .-H- plished in building up strong, robust, hogs free from lice," I'd reply. raate ^ t^ severe for To Get Rid of Vermin. this is summer time. Didn't you know that bees went to sleep in the winter time?" "Say, now that you remind me, T do "But you should keep in mind that the swine this may be so, but the re- any otEer time Tn the life of the lambs cial coal-tar dip made and used ac-| only thorough way is to destroy the ^^ o f investigational work covering crop. cording to directions given by the hatching and breeding place of the lice 85,000 litters in the States, showed a I have never practiced mating ewe manufacturer. In winter dust infest- and then destroy ^the nits when they litter ave rage of 8.17. While not so lambs, but on several occasions I have * P arts o{ skin with powdered pyre- hatch. ,.f you don t do this, your work many ii tters Wer9 studied in Canada, observed instances where ewe lambs thrum, flowers of sulphur, and tobac- is not effective, for your hogs become our average o f g.g 2 pig* per litter were mated the flrst year and I am co. Powdered sabadilla is effective When animals are troubled with vermin, dip them in a bath of commer- remember my mother having told me You clever. Roily that sentence. 3 cause reinfeeted every few days." Dr. George H. Conn, favorable to this country. convinced that lambs from ewe lambs for lice of cattle, but is poisonous if Management of the Young Gilt By Prof. Wade Toole, Ontario Agricultural College Care and feeding during develop- the age, size and condition of the gilt m<mf . The young gilt selected for ' and whether or not whey is available. breeding purposes should not be Age of breeding. A gilt which it forced along as if she were going to j well-developed should be bred when be- revealed in the work. The percentages in vitality. Then, too, the ewe lambs plying above powders. Use fluoride of males and females in the 49,400 never recover from the strain of re- of sodium on poultry. Dr. A. S. pigs studied ran 48 per cent, males production when bred too young, as, Alexander. and 52 percent, females, showing that food and strength intended by nature ~ * the balance of the sexes is fairly well to make bone and flesh has been re- Measuring Auger Holes. quired in growing and nursing the while bori ^^ W(xxJ ^^ ^ back into hig dish with one hand offspring. controlled in nature. Why pay more per pound for one and it is this: Cattle '"' .. The flock owner who w desirous HI his sleeve on the spoon which carelessly left in his porridge now the whole dish was bottom- side up in his lap. "Oh. what a mess!" said Bruin as he tried to scramble the most of it "I brace and bit it is possible to deter- really must be more careful with fair of be marketed for pork, but rather thej tween eight and nine months of age. system of growing her aa followed j unless .he is intended for exhibition f th hv fiv * eighty- from forty-eight to sixty-six per cent during th. early stages of her life purposes, when it is advisable to give - ahould be followed. A healthy, thrifty 1 her 7 couple of months more to grow. I **, t? T * fUt in moderate flesh should be the A gilt should not be bred too young' to fi ft >'- e '<f ht and t a and three-ten hs, ebjectave, so that instead of being soft and flabby when she is called upon to carry her flrst litter, she is strong, because the young sow will not usual- ly have the strength and properly nurse her litter without sapping her fifty-eight cent per ... , . i iliVWJ LJ i 111 or two ahead and so manage his ewe turns flf lambs that when they have come to full best of care. firmly fleshed and in a condition to | own vitality to such an extent as to nourish and develop the foetus she is { hamper her own development If she carrying with no undue forfeiture to is unfortunate enough to lose some herself. | of her first litter through lack of During the swmmer months possibly nourishment, her mammary glands there is no more economic and satis- will not develop properly, and as a factory method to develop the young consequence, subsequent litters will gilt than to turn her out on good suffer, all of which tends to deplete elover pasture. An annual pasture her future usefulness. uch as peas and oats, sown at the It is not advisable, however, to al- rt* of 2^4 bushels of oats and half a low a well-developed gilt to run too bushel of small peas or 1 bushel large long before being bred, since there peas to the acre, together with a mix- appears to be a tendency toward the tare of clovers (red 8, alsike 3, sweet development of coarseness when a gilt elover 4) at the rate of about 15 runs barren too long. pounds to the acre, gives very good, Curt during pregnancy. As the satisfaction. Pigs are turned into this young sow commences to show signs crop when it ia about 8 to 10 inches of pregnancy, she should not be called Ugh. Rap* is also a suitable pasture upon to rely altogether on the pasture crop on which to develop young gilts for her maintenance. Not that she being kept for breeding purposes, should be taken off It, but she should Shade of some description should al- , be getting a sufficient amount of ways b* of eaay access. | grain to maintain her own body as While on pasture, the young gilt well as develop the foetus. The value does not require very much grain. A \ of pasture to the pregnant sow is not six to seven month* old gUt would , only because of It* succulent nature ' and nutritious variety, but because not require more than 3 to 4 pounds ef mixed grain per day along with about 10 to 15 pounds of whey with water "ad lib." to keep her in good frowing rendition; the amount of grain, rt coarse, to be governed by EDUCATION ! there ia in it a considerable amount of. mineral matter available which is es-| to the development of the young. CANADA SPENDS $108,000,000 IN EDUCATION Canada's appropriations for education Increased from three and a quar- ter millions in 1S71 to one hundred and eight millions In 1921. The chart also shows, at left, public school attendance, 1S91. 129.600: 1911. 235,600; 1921, 355.500. University students. 1891, 3,700; 1915. 18,500; | 1921. 34,700. Teachers and professors, 1891, 3,700; 1891, 23,400; 1921, 63.300. these big hands of mine. Just look at clean tablecloth. I am so measuring, simply by counting the sorry." and allowing six- "Oh, we all make mistakes, and it turns for each inch of depth. The will come out in the wash," comforted . . ro "! pitch of the screw tip, which feeds the Roily Rabbit as he bustled around bust, and have the power of delivermgj fonyard js J gixteenth of an cleaning up the spilled food, strong lambs. Uive the ewe lambs el inch> and the cutting budes advance But down in his heart, Bruin knew this much for each turn of the brace, that it did matter. He had been car> This method is quite a time saver. less again, forgetting his table man- ners when Roily Rabbit had been so Hoe all grass and weeds away from kind to him He r^er.^,.^ :low the trunk of the tree. This destroys ho w many times his mother had cor- a winter home for mice. rected him for the same thing. Right thon he resolved that it should never An ad man has a tip for farms with happen again: and it never did, for it roadside markets; start your signs was !e SSO n for Bruin. four miles or so down the road and ^ lead the buver to vour door. A LJ l i_ A Human Incubator. Better put a little good rich garden The pastor of a church at (Jadsden, i soil in the cellar or where it will not Ala., was cnllir.g upon a sick member ! freeze. It will come in handy to ^tart who lived out of town. I.avinia or I those early vegetables ar.J flowe^ seed "Viney," as she was called had in- in next spring. flammatory rheumatism, and wae con- fined to her bed, where every move- In spite of the fact that milk is ment meant acute pain. j seven-eighths water, it Is one of the | Upon this occasion, her eyes wer | most important of foods. It is suit- alight with interest. The mother ex- ! able for persons of all ages, and excels plained, ''Viney's chickens are hatch- other foods by reason of the variety ing to-day." Upon inquiry, it de- and quality of material it furnishes yeloped, tht _a number of eggs had the body. been placed* about Viney's moiionlews. fevered body, and the downy chick* In scalding a hog, try laying it on .were produced in evidence. J. S. a platform of any sort, cover one side] ^- with one or two thicknesses of gunny I Don>t ^ to S" house plants in a sacks, and pour boiling water on the vvf y WBrm r 00111 wlth a drv tnuns sacks. Leave a few minute*, then Phere. for it can't be done. ' scrape the hog. Repeat on other side. If, on the other hand, a young sow Delinquency. 1891. 19 p?r cent.; 1901. 14.4 per cent.; Mil. 10.6 per cent. ing is an easy matter, ough. E S. P. Simple thor- Cicero held that there were twa kinds of contentions, one by reason, one by force; the former I* proper fr men, the ether to brutes.