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Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide 81. West, ToronU 60ME COMMON CHICK DISEAS- ESTHEIR PREVENTION AND CONTROI large knob at one end, into which were driven large-headed nails. This was used as a weapon against robbers and wild animals. According' to the stories told in Exodus, Moses' rod was the instrument by which he worked mir- acles. Elisha used a staff to do won- ders. The Ufa. The Red Sea, or as the Hebrews called it, "the Sea of Weeds" corresponds with the modern Gujf of Suez, opposite a place called Migdol (v. 9) where the Egyptians probably Environmental %*** &*Sl&S i ^&' "* The normal aim J[ y J? Harden tlte hearts of the Pweoa *O1 fc^o *i v ***iti\rav ,. - T war * --- i --- -I by other agents If a "slums" condi- to enter the sea in pursuit of the eted 'there must follow a Israelites their action was regarded ".:. * very V. It. tiaraen me neans oj me, under natural conditions is not ve y Effyptiang The Hebrews, with their I ~. ... suitable medium Tor the growtn strong sense of the sovereignty of Chick mortality ,s something which deve , nt of patho genic organisms. * eferrcd things done by man to will always have to be contended with, When thjg doea uke place the par- the direct ope ration of God. Thus and no matter what steps are taken: ite almost invariably assisted wncn tne Egyptians were emboldened > there will still be a certain death rate, 1 as In all other classes of animals. What this can be reduced to, cannot be predicted at the present time. It U safe to say, however, that should effective attention be giver, to some causes, which arc easily remedied, there naturally will be a reduction in the number of deaths. Normal chick mortality. This var- on s cea * ~\,i~\f fatalities as a pen- as a part of God's plan for Israel's : harvest of chick fataliUe i as an dcliv ^ ance . Go( , hardened the hearts | nfant ally, just as there u a high infant Egyptians only because they .. j:*: rt a 01 tliu rji^yiiLiana umy uwuursc uiey mortality under similar conditions. had firg( . hardened themselves. Get It may not be apparent to many me honor upon Pharaoh; by over- just what constitutes chick slums, nor throwing him. A race of helpless how near they have permitted condi- slaves were to be victorious over the tions to approach this undesirable powerful Egyptians and the Egyp- state. As contributing factors we tians themselves would ascribe the victory i i Tri_ *1_ of flock management Where the |atcd utcns j} 3> bad ventilation, insani- young are reared under comparatively | . quarterS( insufficient or variable normal conditions, where the flock is h(jat ^ , and unsuitab l e food. mall, the range liberal though pro- tected, the food and attention as well U th sanitary and hygienic condi- tions being all that can be desired, the loss usually is reduced to a mini- mum. On the other hand when part or all of these conditions are inter- fered with the death rate frequently increases to an alarming extent In many instances the chick's life V. 19. Up to this juncture, the angel of God and the pillar of cloud had gone in front of the Israelites, . . . mm gVUV 111 XX VII It Wl s*Hp fcf*ejM Of crowding little need be said as b(]t now thcy moved to the rear it must be apparent to all that the, y. 20. Between the camp of Egypt larger the number the greater be- ' on( f th e camp of Israel. The cloud comes the hazard from disease. Close served as a wall of separation between cohabitation favors the quick spread the two armies. It is difficult to in- of infection and increased virulence terpret the Hebrew text .at this point A Canadian at Harvard. Clarence M. Warner, formerly of Napaneo, Ontario, la Another Canadian who occupies an important post In the United States, as curator of the Cana- dian section of Harvard University library. Through his keen Interest in Canadian history he has secured enor moos and valuable collections of re- cords relating to Canadian affairs. i . bwe of disease. The soil can, and fluently become the source from which many w j, at thcy were doinK wn ile the light i 111 1 f J suppose that he dark s.de 2R , i , . - ., , ! chick epizootics have their serious be- 'side turned towards Israel and showed has been settled before the egg leaves | <; Certa)n to ble of theln the way even in the night, the oviduct; for example, the hatch- :*:* d5sease i n the alimentary V. 21. It is represented here that a ;: ^r^^^^^ . ^^^^ and exciting causes. Preditpotitiont Predisposition to disease is generally passed over far too lightly and it is regretted that Buch is the case. If one wishes to see Just the part it plays take two hatches of chicks, the one where the percent- age hatched has been low and with low vitality, while the other bunch is Just the opposite strong, sturdy and active. As a usual thing it is no mat- ter of conjecture as to which will be the harder to raise, and which will be the more subject to disease. We should differentiate between a prenatal predisposition, and a tend- ency to contract disease as a result of environment It is commonly said that a sick hen will not lay. This is probably true, but a hen low in vital- ity will lay, and the chicks hatched from her cjrps will inherit constitu- tional weakness. Consider such gross defects as watery whites and chalky shells which probably appear in vary- ing degrees, frequently to pass un- detected. Both of these substances must furnish nourishment to the de- veloping embryo, and it cannot build up a normal body from materials which may be lacking in essential sub- stances. Then again there are the unseen components of the egg, such as the newer known vitamines. If a hen has laid heavily for some time, the food supply being deficient in some of these essential substances, and her body supply has been railed upon until no longer nn available supply exists there, it will naturally follow that the egg must be lacking in these ma- terials. If vitflmines arc essential to the health and development of a growing chick they must be considered during the twenty days which it spends In the shell. The presence or absence of vitamines in cows' milk has been found to be dependent upon the animals' food. A food supply, though otherwise abundant, but deficient or larking in vitamines results in a milk product correspondingly deficient. Possibly the same can be said of the hen's egg, with regard to these elusive though essential substances. The Food of Pigeons. Practically all cereals constitute a good feed for domestic pigeons, says a bulletin on pigeons, just issued b; ' the Poultry Division of the Domin Experimental Farms. The best are peas, wheat, barley, and buckwheat j which should be fed mixed and whole | as they are more palatable to thi | pigeons. Care must be taken, in , order to avoid bowel and digestivi trouble, not to feed green or absolute- favon) a return of the para8itea to momcnt G hers mainin that the hosts' gut in large numbers, re- near the Suez the water is shallow ) suiting in the loss of much life. f a , ln should be fed in hoppers, so to kee P ll clcan and wholesome, an( and that a strong wind, blowing In the ; the hoppers should be so constructed that the birds may not be able to turn around on the open front Utensils which are left with part- right direction, might lay bare the icles of food attached for anything channel and permit a passage. In like protracted periods are excellent modern * Arab tribes have been nlacM for thp colonization of bacteria I k . nown to cross the sea under these places lor Uie colonization 01 oaci ia. C j rcurnstar)ce8- ]j ut ns Driver says, i While these in every instance may not nhe fact of the Israelites . passage of | be pathogenic organisms they frc- the Red Sea can be questioned only) quently are capable of causing dlges-. by an extreme and baseless scepti- tive disorders resulting in diarrhoea ' cism." of a fatal nature. APPLICATION. Ventilation munt be maintained] The story of Moses and his amazing without producing draughts. The achievements is so replete with reli-j quarters must not be so close, how-'tf 01 *' teaching that the difficulty is 1 ever, that on opening a chicken odor one ' selection. The following les- is noticeable, nor must there be ufft- '^ n h ever - are of Paramount im- cient opening to cause the temper- j j ^ us haye reverence for the ature to fall during the colder hours ]j tt i e child, no one can forsee the of night. Chills have a most disas-'vast enterprises that God will ask the] trous effect on young chick life. If the young child to carry through for the! chicks appear listless when let out of forwarding of the race. One can-i doors in the morning but soon regain 'not calculate the influence of a child.) their normal activity when In the e a "?ntion of Christian people is open, consider the ventilation inadc-; beln .K directed persistently in the di- SR If this continues the dB-JgBL.? p'SLoT SKod? wrS2 health will soon suffer. ing as a Christian sociologist, declares I Chick dietetics has received con- that "child welfare is the central siderable attention, and the brands of problem of civilization, and social sci-' suitable feeds and methods of feeding ence shows that it is impossible of are almost legion. When chick mor- solution without a normal family Dissolve in boiling water Soak an hour or more (Colarad clMliM MtlrUlf u Use enough to get a big lasting suds Big lasting suds one secret of Rinso's amaz- ing power to dissolve dirt. If you don't get lasting suds, you have not used enough Rinso. After soaking, only the most soiled clothes need B light rubbing with dry Rinso. Your clothes don't need boiling if you use Rinso. But if you like to boil your white cottons, use enough Rinso solution to get the suds you like. Rinso is made by the largest soap makers in the world to do the family wash as easily and safely as LUX does fine things. . Leadcr . Rnl P and far-reaching tality increase a finger of doubt is almost invariably pointed at the food. When standard feeds are used, and r methods fol owed which have stood , jn e> educution aml the training g of the the test of time, they should bo quo8-l ycars One hears of untrained evan- tioned only after all other predispo8-| gc ii 8 t s doing much good. It happens i"K causes of disease have been placed that way occasionally, but It is well beyond doubt to remember that one of Jesus' main The actual cause of chick disease ideas was to educate and train the dis- whether it be protozoa or bacterial ciples to carry on his work after his Is of far less concern than de . at . h ;. " > he ?*5l V 16 ^' ! l h S JSrd^ of the parasites to, 3 Th,, pre atncs8 of a leader lies in the extent of causing disease. the clarity of his vision and in his de- Little hope of treating the subjects votion to the cause so that no tempta- should bo entertained, but rather I tion of the world divides his heart for every effort should be given to preven- a moment Moses set at nought the tion. Time and money expended In riches, the high offices that might sanitation and hygiene are good in- havc bcen his had he simply acquiesc- surancos that will pay well. With ftflfjg $**? prince "of"' Egypt foregoing attended to unless the |m , ht nav e f _these he tossed to one chicks are subnormal when hatched,! s ; de MS refuse. the mortality should be maintained at a minimum. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON 4. Moses brought the world "eternal gain" because ho led it into a new thought of God, and taught men that ' while human oppression was a cruel thing, freedom is useless without APRIL 22. Moses, Liberator and Lawgiver. Lesson IV. : Exod 2 : 1 to 19: 25; 32: 1 to 33: 23; Deut. 34: 1-18. Golden Text Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord. Exod. 14: 13. LESSON FOREWORD Moses may be described as the founder of the Israel- ite nation. Only a gigantic personal- ity could have achieved what he achieved. He found the children of Israel in Egypt reduced to slavery, broken and spiritless. Hn succeeded In inspiring them to confidence in Je- hovnh, in the sure hone that he would deliver them out of their bondage. The successive stages of the escape from Egypt, with jill ltd exigencies and dangers, required the leadership of a plan of consummate ability and that leadership Moses, through divine rraoc, was able to provide. In to-day'a lesson we catch a glimpse of him In one of the critical moment* of the Exodus. I. Encouraged, 10, 13, 14. V. 10. Pharaoh; the official title of the kings of Egypt All the kings of Egypt were called Pharaoh. Rameses II or his son, Mcrneptah, have usually been regarded the Pharaoh of the Exodus, but it IK difficult to identify th certainty which Paraoh IB meant. * g IHI The Kgyptiarm marched after them. Israel had escaped out of Goshen, the marshy lands, northeast of the Nile delta, and had reached a point near the presen Suez, when an Egyptian army suddenly appeared in their rear. The Egyptians naturally would not wish to lose the valuable slave service which Israel rendered In the Egyptian building operations. They were tort afraid. With the Red Sea, and possibly strong frontier fortifications In front, and the well disciplined, well equipped Egyptian nrniy in the rear, escape seemed impossible. V. 13. Mo.ies himself did not flinch. His faith and courage were equal to the most critical situations. Stand 'still: not in the sense of "remaining I stationary" but of "continuing firm." 1 The Israelites were not to lose their | courage nor to be seized with panic. The tnlvation of the Lord; the deliver- ance wrought by the Lord. In the earlier portions of the Old Testament, the term "salvation" usually alludes to physical deliverance or material well-being. V. 14. The Lord shall fight. In that age it was believed that each god was obliged to fight the battles of Tils peo- ple. llin fortunes were bound up with 'the fortunes of his people. In their defeat ho waa defeated, and In their victory he was victorious. Moses be- lieved, however, that Jehovah would be more than a match for the Egyp- tians, even though they were one of the great military powers of an- tiquity. II. Directed, 15-18. V. Ifi. Thy rod. Moats' rod was orig. inally given him by Jehovah, Exod. 4: 17. As he was a shepherd at the time of Lin call, the rod may have been that ordinarily used by shepherds. It was a club about 2% feet long, with a avail is it to throw off the yoke of Nicholas, and take on the yoke of Lenin without spiritual sanctions? Putting Away Hams for the Summer. I have had quite a number of years' experience in putting up hams for the summer. As I have never lost a ham or had one bothered by the insects, I gladly give to others the simple pro- cess I have used. < When the hams are removed from the salt they are smoked for several i days. Then I carry them to the klt-j chen. I make a thick flour paste by| dissolving the flour in cold water and| pouring into the mixture boiling water until it has come to a starchy thick- ness. I stir cayenne pepper into this until it has a reddish cast. About two tablespoonfuls to a gallon of paste will be right I dip each joint of meat into boiling water for an instant to destroy any Insect eggs that may have become at- tached to it Then I rub paste over the ham until It Is thoroughly cover- ed, after which I wrap it in light brown wrapping paper, taking care' to see that the paper adheres to andi covers every part of the ham. Thus' all flies urn excluded from coming in; contact with the meat. As soon as the paper on the ham is thoroughly dried, I place each ham in a canvas sack, tie It tightly, and hang It in the smokehouse to remain until ready for use. W. D. N. 100 Tons An Hour. - Ulasgow recontly put Into service its first pneumatic raln elevator hnvlng a capacity of 100 tons an hour. grains that may be fed, the bulletin says: Barley in limited quantities is a good summer feed; cracked corn i a good feed when used in limitei quantities, but care should be taken owing to its fattening propensity, no to use it too freely, especially witl birds in confinement; wheat is one o the best grains, but the use of im mature or new wheat should be avoid ed; pigeon breeders look on peas as essential and they generally form from 25 to 50 per cent, of the ration ; | clipped oats or, better still, grouts, are recommended during the laying sca-j son ; rye is not a satisfactory feed ; j hemp is heating, but can be given oc- 1 casionally in small quantities to add variety to the ration, and is looked on with favor for use during the mating season. A continual supply of pure drinking water should be kept before the birds and in the lofts of pigeons bred in captivity, hoppers containing rock salt, fine gravel, crushed oyster sheila, charcoal, and pulverized mor- 1 tar, in separate compartments, should be constantly replenished. His Business Founded on Pansies. When our son was a lad of ten years, I suggested to my husband the idea of raising pansy plants to sell to people living in the nearby town. We had moved from the city a few years before to a little country place and because of John's impaired health we took up gardening as an occupa- tion and as a means of making a liv- ing. We worked at this for several years with increasing success but I wanted also some way for Son to make a little money for his "very' own," so that he might learn the value of money and how best to use it for necessity and pleasure. When I suggested going into part- nership with him and growing flower J plants for the boy to sell on shares, my husband laughed and said that every one could raise their own flower , plants. But just the same he prompt- ly set about making boxes and putting up shelves in the kitchen windows for our experiment | The first year we sold twelve dol- lars' worth of the plants. This en-' couraged us and we increased our! stock and more than doubled our sales the second year. Twelve years have passed. The boy, ia a young man and a full partner in the business with two greenhouses to I manage and a continued growing de-j inand for the products. Verily, we should not despise the 1 day of small beginnings. In the most i wonderful and extensive structure there muat be the laying of the first LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED TORONTO R302 To Control Striped Beetle. Here is my recipe for taking care of the striped vine bug, the squash bug and the onion maggot I save all fine ashes and soot from the stove and pipe during the winter, keeping them dry. Then I take a syrup pail, put a stout bail on same and punch about two holes In the centre of the bottom of the pail with a twenty-penny spike. I have used this dope for twenty-five years and never lost by it. I have raised onions on the same ground for four years, and the fourth crop was the best N. M. Crout In scalding hogs, do not have the water boiling when the hog is plunged In, but a few degrees below the boiling point. We add a bucket of cold water. I If the water is too hot, the hair will net making cleaning a difficult task. To a kettle containing fifty gallons of water, ndd a small shovelful of hard- wood arhes. These are a great help in removing the hair and black scurf. As the spring planting season u short, farm operations must be rush- ed. This entails long hours, and with modern machinery it also means heavy work for farm horses. Horses i working in harrows, discs and manure ' spreaders are pulling heavy loads, and in many cases they are pulling them over broken ground. Because the work \ is hard and the hours are long the horses must be in good physical con- dition. This is only possible when horses are fitted for spring work. If they have been fed a liberal grain allowance they will be fat and soft, and should get regular exercise to. harden their muscles. If they have been carried through the winter main- ' ly on roughage, with very little grain, they should be given regular exercise and the grain ration should be in- creased to one pound per hundred pounds of live weight Violent changes in either the diet or the habits of horses are injurious, and for this rea- son the farmer should begin getting his horses in shape a month, or pro-, ferably six weeks before heavy spring work begins, gradually increasing the grain and work so that the horse will be in shape to perform a heavy day's work when the rush senson begins. The grain ration should be increased to at least one and a quarter pounds per hundred pounds live weight when the heavy spring planting commences. ' The hay fed before and during the busy season should be either high grade timothy or a mixture of bright, clean timothy and clover. The grain fed while the horse is being fitted may consist wholly of oats; or a mixture of three parts of oats to one part of bran may be fed. Bran is too laxa- tive for horses nt heavy work, and no more than one part of bran to fivo or six parts of oats should be fed during the busy season except on Sat- urday night when a bran mash is ad-, visable. I ' Sometimes a horse does not seem to be digesting his food properly, in which case the teeth should be exam- ined and any that are long and ragged floated smooth. Indeed it is a good practice to go over all the horse's teeth each spring before starting to prepare the animal for spring work. By properly fitting his horses for spring work the farmer will avoid CHICKS AND DUCKLINGS In any quantity from proven lay*, In ths following- varieties: White and Brown LBhnrns. Auconas, Minorca*, White and Barrel) Rocks. Khode Island He.ls. White Wyandottes, also White Pekln Ducklings. We carry a complete line of Baby Chick supplies, Huvem, Brooders, Incubators, Lamps, Spare Parts, Hatching BEKS, eto. We pay express^ and cuajantee 100% sat* nrrUal. writ* for circular to the Toronto sTtlflits) Poultry stopply Co., ita. ' aoa Buffertn ** - Toronto eore shoulders, his horses will finish the season in good condition and they will render much more efficient ser- vice than if they hnd begun the spring work without being properly fitted for it. Opals are so soft when first taken from the ground that they may b pulled apart with the fingers. A good crack filler for floors can b made by mixing flour paste (flout boiled in water) with plaster of Paris, Built for Years of Service Tho " lirwutf T<1" Concrtte Mixjr for 1111*11 Jobt 11 built to nii'l up under lurd UUK It cuu labor In bait wba bulld- IMB tli.m, fcumUtloLu, bun doors. to. \Uny farmiri UM it ta mil (Mil or tirtll- IIT SUrli tor hand or por. We alio bull 1 l^ruer SIM mlivri lor haftvlv work. Write for bnoklvt. OOOLD, f HAPLCV4 MUI U CO.,Ult*4 200 W.lllniit.n M. - . OntH Irrigated Farms In Southern Alberta la ihi ramons VttxHn District Bow aUvcr Irrigation Fro]ct An especially coud locatlun for mixed firmlnc and dairying. Splendid op- portunity for young men now living In dletrlcti where good land cannot b bought at reasonable prices THIS 18 NOT riONRMUlNO. th< fli->t 10.000 acre* are fully aettled anj another 10.000 acre* now readr for ettlrment; maztmum distance from railroad, seven mile*. Good roads* telephones and Bchool*. Rnsy pay* mfnta. extending over IS years, mil I> tne Best tsnrt Bny la Alberta Writ* for further Information to CANADA LAWD and IBKCOATZOK Allier+a A TREATISE on the Horse 1 FREE/ Thli book In cm; of tkt bt rvtrwniuu r.Tth. Ill -.'I un. I'V-M ! : . UMlrr with pvtrjr tllint^t 11. .it broflh li ;. i : -. .. -in 1 1. lit bow to trn.tlh n. ll bl Ch.fWr. on And ihoinf , brtrduiK nud f 1 <<! The book li *. "r"i i , fi v .1 .:' . 1 1 to tb* . tuvmllir of hurt**, but all YOU ni\e to do rtst fur tt . Ua t* one ,.'' -n t U to uk your tli umrtst SOUTH BKKWKK. 5&. Jan "Pita** i"Ht rue by m*H your UKKAT book howlnc pojUloiisi and acttuiis of tick bortcm, Have brrn ui\^ year Kfliutalt'a Spavin Tfwl- wratfoJr/eariAiidtMnktliiagreattiwtmcBL* PBRLY COKKUM. If )w*t)ni n ut httnolftcopfofthe book toft write u* i'. 1 1 1 Dr. B. J. KENDALL CO., tnosbura i Fills, V, U. 8. A. 8 $/ You Can Make Big Profits! Jr$4 to $5 per acrt invested in fertiliser* on grains htu frequently f made fain* of S to 12 buthtlt per acre on \VHa, or 25 to JO buiAcb on Oati and 15 ID 2O biuHcIt on Corn. Remember it colts just as much to grow the crop* vncn you get the low yields at it dos when you get big yield*. Your pro/it with Big Yields U many times greater. Fertilize your crop* thia spring with GUNN'9 SHUR-GAIN Fertilizer, and get the Profit posaible. Consult ur Agent r write us. A.int. wanted ta territories! wber* we are not rspreuite<i. 1204 TORONTO