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Arfrtrtu ecmmunlcatlon* to A|jienomUt. 73 Adelald. St. Welt. ToronU. Clean (' and Clean Milkers. Fighting Quack Grass With- out a Hoe. One of the farmer's problems is to get a crop that he wants, avoid a crop that he does not want, and get out on the right side of the ledger. One| hcn foia,to digr of the methods of getting rid of such Ami the pests as thistles and quack-grass that has been suggested is to put a ce- ment pavement over the place and ! The Autumn o' the Yeai. When the leaves .'.re turn.ng re.i, And the long hot days :;vc over; When the siro's full o' corn And the barn is full o' clover; a on .ime is near o' like the rush o' trr'nfjs In the autumn o' the year. SUNDAY SCHOOL Healthy cows secrete healthy milk. Bacteria and dirt get into the milk alter it is drawn from the cow or in th procees of milking. The cow is not the guilty party. Milk does not come from the cow entirely free from bacteria, because it is impossible to keep the teats of the cow sterile; however, we can keep them clean and reduce contamination from this lource. The ducts of the teats and who has been attending a sick per- )j eep ; t there for a few years, or as a Then we roll out in the morning son can not work among cows or ii'.j cheaper substitute: cover the land the dairy room without being a sourcu wjth tarred p aper till the existing of danger to all who use the milk p i an t 3 a re smothered out, all of which from such a dairy. Typhoid, diph-! Seem8 paying too much, assuming theria and scarlet fever outbreaks without number provn this point with their deadly results. In the care of diiry utensils there is still further chanco of contamina- rcn. This trouble is not from bac- OCTOBER 16. Paul Writes to the Ch-istians at Corinth. 1 Cor. 1 : 10, 11 j 13: 1-13. Golden Text 1 Cor. 13: 13. that the desired result could be ob- tained. Another method, not involving much use of the hoe, and which looks good on paper, however it might work out in practice, has been suggested, teria that commonly adhere to these v j Z-> to gee <) the plant to alfalfa and the body temperature of the cow af- utensils but from those introduced inj crop the alfalfa till the weeds are ford ideal conditions for the bacteria handling and washing. Washing and choked out. If that would work it ( to multiply and, the best we can do,| caring for the dairy u'ensili is veryk,- uld seem hard to beat; but, like exacting from the standpoint of the story of the Swede who want-]' Long before the ris'n < sun, Ere the breaking of the day Have our early chore* all done. The griddle cakes are i -iking And the cook is full o' cheer I kind o' like the mornings In Ohe autumn o' the year. Whem the twilight shadows quicken And the evenings grow apace, And we form the fsmi'.y circle In a kind o' homely grace, With papers, books and fancy-work The passing hours to cheer the lower ducts of the teats will con- tain a considerable number of bac- teria. By using the first few jets of milk to wash out the ducts, the milk that goes into the pail will be practi- cally free from bacteria. If proper' insidious source, of danger to con- cleanliness and the quality of the l(!( i his chum to jump from the water used. A supply of bacteria-' ,i ot -k to the ferry, and suggest- laden water which will leave some of C( ] that he might make it in a the bacterii on the utensils is an couple of jumps, there might be an care is tnken ?.t this stage of pro- sumers When the milk goes . duction, (he few bacteria which get! intoyfhese utensils there is a fresh ' Into the milk from this source are but little consequence. On the other hand loc:il diseases milk will is contaminated : bacteria which cause this of these bacteria ready to thrive and multiply on their new sup- ave P'V ' foO(1 amj the y grow and mul " may give '*'?'>' with disastrous results If ty- P ernls are ln well-water they that have | initial difficulty in getting the stand of alfalfa. Perhaps such suggestions may look like the cogitations of a man too lazy to work, hunting for some easy way; but if such men really find the easy way they are public benefactors. If they fail they are called dreamers. judge by the results. Fact is, to o' like thc In the autumn o' the year. will have a chance to contaminate any There is a "well-founded m '" c ' nat BOC3 ' nto t ' lc u ^ensils after j be honest, none of us care to do work in medical circles that such ' hev have been washp j d in f ch w f ter ' 'or nothing. Numerous other kinds of bacteria v ' can live and pass into the body of the user and cause the same dis- SU - h f 8 those that cause ropy, colored ease u the cow was affected with. and slln \y m '. lk are frequently in well- This shows us that tuberculosis of T**" that , ls used m ^ shffl e tha the udder may readily be transmitted, Ja ' rv utensils. to human beings, or to young stock.! Clmg the milk immediately after Milk from unhealthy cows should ll Is drawn from the cow wl " reta f d never be ued by human beings, or to! the development O f bacteria and the XT ' more tho temperature is lowered the growth will be feed young stock on the farm, matter how well the other require-! menta are met, if the cows producing the milk are not all in good health we fail. After proper precautions in milking we a more the retarded. Milk that Is promptly re- in temperature to forty degrees Fahrenheit, and held at that temper- ature until ready for use, will keep for a long time. When the milk is TTW Wl. 1 l*J , i 1 M 1 L- U UJf UbllCl 1,1 UUUIVT9. I .. _ - , First, it is exposed to dust and dirt! sh 'PPed to the city the trouble is in the stable, which consists largely ' mvarlabl >' wlth the mo "" of dried manure and urine from the whlch eoes lnto the carm floor. The cow is not a particularly clean animal and the same materials be- ing properly cooled. In the fresh milk thc bacteria soon exceed that But to get back to the subject, we all in start out hand, or in the with spring, hoe some more effective instrument, resolved to keep the land clean this year. But by the time hot and the weeds the come days get fast, they begin to get the better of us, and soon the battle is lost again for us and won by the weeds. No one feels this 'difficulty more than the mail-order Now the silver threads appearing On the heads o' loving wives, Tells us that the years are passing And it's autumn of our lives; That the time of our departure And our gathering in is near; Still we hail with growing pleasure 1 Th autumn o' the year. Inspection of Fruit. Of late years great improvement has taken place in the handling and classifying of fruit in Canada intend- ed for shipment. Twenty-five years ago there was danger of our losing our export trade, particularly in ap- ples, owing to carelessness, first in sorting and next in packing. In 1901 the Fruit Marks Act was passed by the Dominion Parliament, its object being the elevation of the standard of the commercial output of fruit. farmer, who is compelled by force of , The administration of the Act fell to circumstances to accept such results as he can get from others. But even for the man on the job it is no easy trick. To any who are interested in getting results of this kind, the fol- lowing experience is recited: Last spring we decided to put in some sunflowers for silage on a plat Fruit Branch of the Dominion that had quite a patch of solid quack- , years the grass on it; and by such cultivation as , fined to , ., could be obtained we tried_to hold the John> and Halifax, and to the large: quack back till Department of Agriculture. Eight inspectors were appointed whose work was confined almost entirely to ports of export. Testimony as to improvement was almost immediately forthcoming from brokers and in mar- ket report*. For eleven or twelve was practically con- docks at Montreal, St. that are found on the floor will be 1 in the older milk that has heen P r P' found, in a greater or less degree, 1 f rly ctx)lcd - Coolmg the milk does not dried upcn her flanks, belly and tail kl " any of the disease-producing bac- If the long hair on the cow's tail : tona or the Iactic acid bacteria, so . flanks and udder are not clipped and! that jt can not toke the P |ace o f K in g. and it looked for a while like I n i pc g, Regina, Calgary and Van- brushed and thc udder washed the c j cflnlin S8 in th e production of milk, a losing game; but fighting one weed j couver . i n 1913 additional inspectors the sunflowers got ; consuming Cent re3 like Toronto, Win-' ked for a while likel im Calar and Van- 1 movements of the cow and milker set A " of the bacteria Present in cold rain of this bacteria- 1 mllk Wl11 become act lve as soon as the ad the swishing of the t ? mperat , ure "*ttall become favor- able. Cleanliness is of first import- ance and cooling is next. Many instructive and entertaining articles have been written on the sub- ject of clean milk, and if all of this advice could be carried out, a prac- tically clean product could be made. But the success of such a plan in- volves expenses that would work in motion ladvn dust cow* tail only adds to the trouble. The dried excrement dus-t is rich in organic matter, and loaded with bactria from the intestines and urin- ary of the cow, which thrive and multiply on the food thus given them. By adhering to this solid dirt they get into milk and find ideal places to grow and multiply. When we drink such milk we take in many of the former inhabitants of the cow's intestines. The thought ing that good milk cannot be made at rices, but to show that the who havo a few cows can rTTTT T C T "n^ii ^T" make < lean ' ilk without having any Ing off tuberculosis bacilli before the VBTO ,,,, . disease appears elsewhere. There is elaborate equipment. He his mi , k c , ea q n [ ^ , > ' can a greater digger in milk being con-, Rtnti(>n , he fpw . ' ** '"""^ fore it leaves the udder. Such bacteria cause serious diseases when taken into the human stomach and intes- tines. Dried excrement from the cow's body will cause this kind of contamination and undoubtedly plays 1 handling the milk and small expense involved small outlay of will require but a time and money. Among the essentials of clean milk with a more vigorous and thrifty or.e werc appom ted, and a year later the is pretty good logic, and surely the ; 8ys teni of inspection had been exteml- reader will admit that the sunflower i ^j to a n commercial fruit-growing; Is a hustler. Well, pretty .soon the sunflowers were reaching up higher than the quack could; and unlike corn, the broad leaves of the sunflowers left no spaces between for the sunlight to get down to where the quack was, and the groundlings began to look rather pale but still there. districts. This year no fewer than! sixty inspectors have been working, among the growers and packers, not' i only inspecting the fruit after pack- 1 ing, but also givng instructions in the proper methods of picking, grad-; ing and shipping, thus preventing] loss in marketing and protecting Then came the second part of the consumer. If fruit shipped is found' play. The sunflowers were then about not up to standard, the packer is noti- 1 six or eight feet hiuh and fairly ! ne j an j s i vcn a demonstration in i stocky. As a method of getting rid | Kra di n( r. If the grade is not lowered j some of the quack without laying off from the haying, wo turned the sheep into the field. They immediately be- gan turning thi- quack into mutton by the packer, thc inspector may mark the package "below grade" or place the proper grad mark thereon. If a shipper requires it, he is supplied without charge, picking only thc low- with a t . opy O f the official report re- er leaves of the sunflowers that would f crr i ng to his fruit. Inspectors are soon fall off anyway, and doing little other harm. This done, they were turned out. Now the ground looks pretty clean, without any labor ex- I would name a healthy cow, milkedi pense to get it, and we hope the quack u clean stable, by a clean ) will not be so robust next spring. Sand or gravel is better bedding in a clean dairy room and put into! than straw for shipping hogs. Straw dean shipping cans and immediately! heats. to common on dairy 'farms. Hay and straw dust will give rise 1 cooled down to forty or fifty degrees! to no very serious diseases, but it and held at that temperature until will tend to hasten the souring of the ready to be shipped. By clean and r-ii.k, and cause various bacterial sanitary milk I mean only such a K. .wtlu that will impart a disagree- j degree of cleanliness as outlined in a!-.-- odor and taste to the milk. Such thi.saniclc, and which does not involve d-jst is as much out of place so far 1 expenses that are entirely out of reach us clean milk is concerned as the of the dairyman's means. Healthy >ther. Lactic acid germs are always cows and cleanliness will give milk present where conditions arc right for| that is bacteria free. Cold will keep then- growth and development, and, it in this condition. We can not get *ftiie they d/) not affect the sanitary [ sanitary milk from cold, dirty milk dualities of the milk, they do affect its or from warm, clean milk. Both fac- also authorized to inspect cars, thus : insuring prompt settlement of dis- i putes between shipper and consignee.; Experienced traffic men are stationed at several points to give advice on \ long distance shipments; complaints' of improper loading or handling are , ! investigated; improved methods of: car loading are demonstrated, and ad- j vice given on distribution. Connect : rg Links We are fortun- ate in having one lesson this month from Paul's great T v .i?t!es. There is a wealth of interest and instruction in these letters which our Internation- al Series almost entirely misses. The mistaken idea that every !e=son must conirin a story, or be based on a story, leads to the neglect of very much bf the finest literature of both the 0!d and the New Testament. In connection with this reading we should review ortce ngnin the story of Paul's coming to Corinth in his sec- ond missionary journey, and his ex-. periences there, and the story of what happened in Ephesus on his third journey. For it was from Ephesus that this Epistle was written in reply j to loiters and personally delivered messages which he had received from his friends of the Christian fellowship | in Corinth. We recall, therefore, how Paul first came to Corinth, about the year 51 ' A.D., after having been driven by persecution from Philippi, and from Thosisalonica, and from Berea, and after a discouraging experience in Athens. We recall his loneliness, his discouragement, his weakness, his; distress of mind, and how he was com- forted and strengthened by cheering news brought him from Macedonia by hia fellow-workers, Silas and Timothy. After they came and in reply to mes- sages which thzy brought, Paul wrote his letters to the Thessalonians, which are among the earliest writings of the New Testament, and ir. which he tells something of these experiences (see 1 Thesa. 3: 1-8; compare 1 Cor. 2: 1-6.) Three years or more later ho is at Ephesus, and there receives such communications from Corinth as 1-ead him to write several letters, two only of which (or possibly also part of a third) have been preserved. 1: 10-11. "That there be no divisions among you." It can hardly be doubt- ed that Paul would be now, as then,' an advocate of Christian unity. He j had heard, he wrote, that there were I divisions and contentions among them. There had been various Chris- tian teachers and leaders with them after Paul's departure, and the parties had grouped themselves under their respective names. So there was a party of Paul, another of ApoHos, another of Peter ( Cephas), and an- other which called itself the Christ- party. Jut what the differences be- ' tween them were we do not know, and it probably does not much mattr. They seem to have argued on the ground of the superior excellence, or wisdom, or eloquence of their teach- ers, or upon the ground of baptism by one or another of them. Paul urges ' their oneness and fellowship in Christ. Ho points to the helplessness of the world's wisdom to save men, and to the fact that the very gospel which ; they have received is esteemed fool- ish and offensive by Greek and by i Jew. There is in it, unquestionably, ! ho says, a profound wisdom, but not the wisdom of that age, nor such as would divide the followers of Christ, i He urges also the fact that they, the Apostles, whom the Corinthians wou'.d make heads of their respective fac- tions, were not seeking such places of! exaltation. For the gospel's sake! they were poor, they were persecuted,) they were ridiculed and despised.' "Even unto this present hour," h said, "we both hunger, and thirst, and are naked, and are buffeted, and' have no certain dwelling place; and labor, working with our own hands." Thy bring wealth, and power, and gladnem to others, but are denied these things themselves. How foolish then to make their names the symbols of division and strife. 13: 1-3. "And have not charity." Paul deals with several questions, in this Epistle, which were of prim* im- portance to the young Christian so- ciety. They were chiefly social ques- tions, about some of which he saw clearly that there might be honest differences of opinion. He counsels patience, self-control, thoughtfulness for others, and above all love (char- ity). Of the three fundamental Chris- tian virtues, faith, hope, and love, he puts love first. Without it all else is vain. Love crowns and complete* the others, and is itself the "bond of perfectness." Division, strife, quar- rels about custom and usage and form, and name, will vanish at the magic touch of love. Eloquence with- out love is but soulless sound. Pro- phetic gifts, insight, knowledge, even faith, are nothing without love. Alms- giving, martyrdom, are of no account if love be absent. For love "suffereth long, and i kind." Love is patient, kindly, not envious, not puffed up with vain pride, gentle, unselfish. Love does not read- ily take offence, sees good and not evil in the acts and words of others, is made glad not by the discovery ot error, but by the finding of the truth. Love is strong, to bear, to believe, to hope, and to endure. It "never fails," other gifts and accomplishments fail and pass, but not love. "That which ia perfect." Love is compared to that which is perfect. Knowledge and the gift of prophecy are both partial. I^ove supersedes them both. He who loves is as the grown man who has "put away child- ish things." He is as one who, with unclouded vision, looks into the face of God. He anticipates heaven. His heart is clean. By loving he keep's God's law and is like God, Application. The man in whom dwells the love of Christ "thinketh no evil" or "tak- eth no account of evil." This is on of the surest signs of a loving heart just as the reverse is the sign of un evil heart. When the weary camel falls in the desert the vultures sweop down upon it and tear it to pieces. When a man or woman falls into sin, there are those who immediately con- demn anil ay, "I told you so." Love takes the kindly attitude. Love is quicker to detect virtues than vices. It notes the odor of flowers, quicker than the odor of carrion. When a man's character is in doubt, love gives the accused the benefit of the doubt. The e,yes of love will see goodness and virtue when others fail to find anything but faults. Look at the dif- ferent way in which people think of children. One outsider gives his view of a neighbor's boy and what a view it is! There never was uch an Kile, mischief-making, good-for-no- thing boy since the world began. But just listen to that boy's mother talk about him and, Oh, my! you'll almost be looking for his wings. She bees, she knows, she understands; and just because of her love she recognizes splorwlid qualities which the fault- finder never thinks of. Love is not blind, the eyes of love are the only eyes that really see. keeping qualities. The milkers and handlers of milk in tors are essential to success. Most of the dirt which gets into the dairy rooms are a prolific rource milk falls into the pail during milk- ef contamination. Unclean methods j ing. A large part of this dirt may of milkmg^and handling of the pro-! be kept out by the use of a small top r partially covered pail. In producing clean milk it is not The Welfare of the Home PLAY-UTILITY OF THE CARDBOARD BOX By Mrs. Richard K. Thomas ducts afford opportunities for the pol- 1 lution of the milk by disease organ- isms, as well a dust and dirt that more knowledge that we need so much adheres to the milker's hands and as it is the desire to do decently the clothing. Here is where such disease bacteria as typhoid, scarlet fe Have you a card-board box in the house? If you have two, all the bet- ter, a half-dozen, better still, for whether you are a mftther with one child or a half-dozen, ranging from six months to twelve years old, you will never find yourself at a los when the old toys pall, or the day is rainy. Of course the box must have quali- fications; and a few accessories are necosaary, according to the ages of your children. The accessories are so Encouraging Nature Study built the bath, and the practical fath- er observed with satisfaction that hii fruit trees were less attractive to the birds. a few small ones make a tea table and chairs. Tho painted engine and the real tea table may have lost their charm. The box toy is your alter- native. At the pre-school age a pair of scissors, ut your suggestion, and a few paper fasteners, which you help adjust, awaken new Boxes of less stiff and possibilities, heavy card- diphtheria get into the milk. Mill: 1 harmful bacteria out of milk, but in it cornea from the healthy cow doosl our every day work we . . . - , V\/141 V II I !* x-ii. things wo already know. It is easyj simp ; B that any household may have As early as six to twelve months. board are more adaptable- to the scis- sors. Wagons with wheels that turn, or tables ami chairs with legs are a result, One big box in which to put the furniture servos as the doll house. vdoca our every day work wo arc doing ), a | )v tires of his rattle. Give him the I The suggestions that follow the idea not contain these b,cU>na. They pretty well if we succeed in keeping 1 id of a clean white box, or make two ^ a "house for dolly" will be amply ~ J i 1* ---^ HWVVWU 111 It I t f 11. come from the outside lifter tho milk out something that is called by U drawn from thc cow. Any person' different nnme. Corn Borer Causing Serious Damage. (2) Kiisile entire crop slits and tie his rattle to it. It will forthcoming from the children them- nevor coase to amuse him anew. Do 8C !Y e . 8 : ! possible, and this should include | wasto from cr.r.r.inpr factories. Owin* :o the extensive spread of! (3) Slm , (i or tul ,,, nl , t . llk , bf!fore the European Corn Rorer in the , f cc di, 1(? , .,:,, his kills many Lore! not forget wherever' and white. the qualificiations, clean Then if he puts it in his With another and another year, while hands grow better trained, pos- Province of Ontario and the States Hn< | promotes of New York, Pennsylvania arul Ohio, ' fodder in 1921. fifty official entomologists and agriculturists of Canada and the! United States recently met at San-j d:LBky, Ohio, and St. Thomai, Ontario. It wai recognized that the natural proud of the iniect and its establish- ment over largo areas, makes exter- mination impoMible and it was agree'! that efforts be directed to chuck fur- i ^-specially early, ther spread so far as possible ai'd to, "oavy rolling pri promote the speedy development of g es ' e d. practical control measures. consumption of thi> (-1) I'lK'aten ccrn stalks, inch::! corn stover in Held, lot or barn plowed or buiiu-d before May 15th. Such material should not be usod for bedding or thrown into manure, (ft) Fall plowing, thoroughly done, Kills many boron. >r to plowing is sug- The conference adopted the follow- tng methods nf control, which have hji found of value: (1) Cat corn ckrse to the ground and M early u po>*sib!. (6) Burn \veiils and grasses in or near infested corn. (7) Early planted corn is most like- ly to become infected; consequently, -....-Ah'it lator planting usually re- suits '.'i relatively lisa injury. moulh it will do In his second > enjoy a whole box or several boxes, which he cnn tnko apart. Also give him a large lid. into which his toys may be piled and turned out again. The child of two or three years be- gins to want accessories. A string attached to a box makes it into a fine wagon or coach. No wheels are nec- essary. Pulling and carrying are tlie first activities suggesting thorns-elves to a child and a little girl likea a few covers with the boxes, such fts clean cloths to make a bed for dolly. With the new experiences of the fourth and fifth years which are going to be reproduced continually, the box gains additional value. A half-dozen boxes joined with strings makes a train, a few spools provide wheels hi'm no" harm I sibillties widen rapidly. All kinds of child will L f ":"i\ u "l m . a j l t.^ t !! o " t .. yo " p a i si ?- and a smokestack. A large box and board box. stores, a whole community in fact, may bo the out- come. Your big boys and girls can find endless amusement indoors or out, making their own accessories, and collecting the boxos thc-msdves. Further suggestions are unneces- sary. They are for the children them- selves to make. You will find they are able to make them much more rapidly than you can yourself. What I wish to impress upon you who are mothers or even you who know children whose play materials are limited, is thc value of weighing the "play-utility" of an article ba/ore throwing it away. Do not discard things which hold possibilities for the traning or entertainment of your child. And save, at least, the card- One day last spring, a little girl asked me if it were true that robins liked to eat other things than worm*. I replied that robins would eat fruit! when they were thirsty if they could I find no water. "Oh, just when they're thirsty," she ! exclaimed in a tone of surprise, i "Then I had better give them a basin , of water, because father gets terribly i provoked at the robins when he sees them in our cherry tree or in the strawberry patch." I told her* that in the strawberry patch robins were much more likely to hunt the grubs and cutworms that | injure the roots of the vines than to ] eat the strawberries, but that they did like cherries. I asked her if she would like to make friends with th birds and fix a place in her garden where] they could drink when they were thirsty or bathe and splash about in 1 the warm woather. She was delighted with the idea of making something' useful and wanted to know how to j build a bird bath. I gladly promised j to help her make one, and accordingly! I went to her home one morning soon after our conversation. Together we gathered several baskets full of small ! stones from a vacant lot near her; home, then we selected a spot in an open space in her garden where we set up a pyramid about three feet[ high. After we had finished it we tilled a big flower-pot saucer with water and placed it on. top of the pyramid. When the warm weather came the birds used this bath so much that the water had bo be changed several times a day. But the pleasure of watching the different birds that came to the garden to quench their thirst and splash about in the cool water more than compensated for the slight trouble of filling the bath. The other members of the child's family became as much interested in their feathery friends as the little mason who hadi Butter Scoring Contests. This is the third year of the Do- minion Educational Butter Sco. ig Contest conducted by the Dairy . nd Cold Storage Branch of the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Ottawa. Lnt year and the year before four cren eries in each province contributed ;i fourteen pound sample each moiHh from May to October inclusive for the competition. This year six creamer- ies in each province are competing:, a different creamery each month from May to October sending in a sample. The scores for the first three months, May. June and July, of this year show Manitoba and Alberta leading with an average of 96.7 points, Quebec next with 96, Nova Scotia following with 91.5, Saskatchewan with 94.8, British Columbia with 94.2, Ontario 93.7, New Brunswick 93.15 and Prince Edward Island 93.3. Manitoba leads in flavor with the others according to score ex- cert that British Columbia is eighth and Ontario ninth. The average per cent, of salt added at churning was 2.37 poumlis, the average pea- cent, salt in the butter was 1.45. Testing shows that from 1 to 1% per cent, salt is about right for the export trade. In the opinion of th judges, the texture, incorporation of moisture, and suiting, so far this season, are more uniform than in previous con- tests. The average per cent, of mois- ture in the butter, it should be stated, was 14.05. Tho color, however, varied from almost white to a dop June shade. But God has made no better things In all the stars thai, rise and set Than life that grows by cherishing And cannot falter or forget. Tis with our judgments as our watches, none go just alike, yet each believes his own. Pope. Most people overestimate their sorrows and undervalue their joy*.