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mm m TUBRSimTOV ADVAVOl. FARMING In thia department each week will ba given general information to farmera and stockmen. No attempt will be made to criticize the work already being done by Canadian farmer*; but an effort will be made to present to the farmers of the country summarized Information contained in government reports, and the actual experiencit of man and women who have achieved success in farming by following modern methods. Farmers who have found new "wrinkles" or have mad* a aucces* in any special line of agriculture are invited to send abort letters to this paper giving their experiences, or criticizing any of the information contained In these columns. BIGGER INGOHES WITH M^OD BULLS First Step Towards Farm- er's Success is in Buying a Pure Bred Sire Success in every busiaess cornea only to tliose who have a high ideal and keep forever advancing. On the other hand, failure waits for the man who is content to allow his business to stagnate. Breeders of livestock are facing problems today that require expert, business-like handling. The high cost of feed, labor and heavy overhead expenses are matters the average farmer finds confronting him every day. Successful farmers have always re- alized the value of good breedings in livestock. Testimonies from these men are easily obtained and should convince the most skeptical that the only way to beat the labor situation, cost of feed, etc., is to keep only those animals that are bred to produce either milk or beef. The surveys conducted by Prei. Leiteh in the different counties all go to prove that where farmers are us- ing pure bred aires, in either beef or dairy herds, they are making greater incomes with practically the same quantity of feed. When we consider that these figures were obtained from actual farmers, liv- in;; under average farm conditions, we can hardly discredit them. Liberal feeding of inferior live stock it was shown, was not as great a fac- tor in increasing the labor income as was the use of pure bred sires. The pure bred sire has back of him (jenerations of anceators that were se- lected and bred with a specific purpose in view; either the production of beef or the production of milk. These characteristics are highly in- tensified in his blood so that he trans- mits them to his offspring, even when only a grade female is used. The grade sire has back of him gen- erations of ancestors, that like "Top- sy ' ' just happened. The result is that you can expect nothing, but are liable to get anything. Itaphazard hit and miss breeding op- erations are the causes of low labor incomes and financial failures among Ontario farmers today. The remedy lies in the farmers' hands. Buy a pure-bred sire of the breed of stock you are interested in and you have made the first step toward suc- cess. However, be sure yoa get an individ- ual of good type and conformation, as a pedigree without individuality is of little value. BUY BETTER BULLS. C. F. MacKenzie, Fieldman, Ontario Cattle Breeders' Association. FALL PLOUGHINO AJTO MANTJE- ING TOBACCO LAND The proper preparation of the land for the tobacco crop is an item which is freijuently treated with too little care. It is in reality the most impor- tant cultivation that the crop ever nets. Fall plowing is one of the simplest and easiest methods of combating and controlling cutworm, wireworm, and j;ra33hopper pests, either or all of wliieli nuiy cause serious damage to the tobacco crop. It' the land is manured and fall plow- |The History of Your Name PICK£TT VARIATIONSâ€" Pigott, Plgot. SOURCE â€" Personal characteristic. RACIAL ORIGIN â€" French. It would be hard to pick a more Eng lish sounding family name than I'ickett. Yet its origin is not English at all, but French. Those who bear the name of Pickett, however, can bo sure of one thing, that the name has spent two or three cen- turies in England before being brought to this country, for while the origin of the name is not English, its spelling certainly is. This points very strongly to the "probability that it was trans- planted from France to England at some period before the spelling of names, and indeed of all words, set- tled down into what we might call a standarized rut. There's nothing new about "simpli- fied spelling," Most of the complex- ities of the English language today are the result of periods of "wide open" simplified spelling in past cen- turies. And the name of Pickett is an example. It come from the Prench adjective "picot," meaning pitted, as from smallpox. At the time of the Norman invasion family names had barely be- gun to develop, and were confined at first to the nobility. By the time such an adjective could have settled down into a family name virtually every- • body had ceased speaking French in England. Hence it must have come over later. The pronounciation of "picote," with the final syllable "e" dropped, was very naturally repre- sented by the spelling Pickett, The surnames Pigott and Pigot show every evidence of having developed in France, and of being brought to Eng- land; or straight to this country, at a later period. ed a better distribution of labor is ob- tained. Soil moisture is conserved much better on fall plowed land. Thia is a very important point since the tobacco- growing districts are often subject to a drought during the growing seasoa. The tobacco crop has often been ob- served to suffer seriously during a short drought on spring plowed land, while on adjoining land of the same type, fall plowed, the drought would have no appreciable effect unless very ex- tended. An experiment has been conaucted for the past two years comparing fall plowing and fall manuring with spring plowing and spring manuring on to- bgcco land of the sandy loam type. The fall plowed and fall manured land has returned a two year average of oU per acre more than the spring plow- ed and spring manured land. From the facta given it can be seen that fall plowing and fall manuring for tobacco is one of the eaaiest and best methods of controlling insect pests; 2, gives a more even distribution of farm labor; 3, conserves soil moist- ure better for following crops, and, 4, is highly profitable. â€" H. A. Freeman, tobacco inspector. CASE OF A FOAX Keep the mare on good pasture for three months, and, if possible, do not vrork her. Allow the mare to nurse her foal for at least four months and five will be better. I Encourage the foal to eat as soon us it shows signs of doing so, Thia is usually at about five weeks of age. Give it a grain ration of equal parts sf bran and oats, and feed it in a box of its own in the stable or in a grain creep in the pasture. Start the loal on a very small amount of grain and gradually increase till it is get- ting half a gallon. If it is neeessary to work the mare while she is still suckling her foal, al- low the foal to follow her, where this practice may be followed with safety; but if this cannot be done, the foal should be kept in a cool, quiet box stall or pen when it is not with the mare. Care should be taken that the foal may have no chance of injuring itself if it should become lonesome or excited while in this stall. Common-sense care and feeding, pleu- ty of good feed and exercise, and clean- liueSiS are the essentials for the success- ful raising of foals. FALL PLOWING KILL INSECTS Certain insects, such as the sugar beet webworm, wireworm aud some kinds of cutworms, prepare winter i|uarters that are as snug and cosy as can be. The first step is to cement imrticles of earth and pebbles together tci form a water tight oval cell. To provide further comfort and protection this it generally silk lined, and within tl'is snug retreat the insect spends the winter, either in the worm stage or in tlie inactive pupa stage, if by any chance this earthen cell is broken opep, after the iusect has completed its prep- arations for winter, the bug is almost sure to die. Fall plowing disturbs iiiiiny sm-li winter bug homes, aud is of great value in reducing next year's i-rop of insects. Many insects â€" especially the large class of sacking insects, which include the chinch bug, leaf hopper and plant bugs â€" make no preparation for winter, ( tiler than to seek some protected spot where they can to some extent escape the e.xtrenies of moisture and tempera- ture. Rubbish, hedgerows, brush piles, vveedy ditch banks aud fence corners all .)iler just the protection that this class of bugs is looking for. There are usu- al'> times during the winter when the ground is bare. At such tinios much good can be doue by cleaning upsucli places. -V little time spent iu raking and burning trash and rubbish may result in the killing of thousands of insects that, if left alone, would multi- ply to tens of thousands the following spring. Kemnants of crops that have been harvested, such as cabbage stumps and melon vines, should be plowed uniicr during the fall or burned during the winter. Such plants are usually cov- ered with eggs of plant lice, and their destruction is one of the most impor- tant steps in the control of the cab- bage and melon louse. FLANTINa OELEKT, There are more ways than one to produce well-grown and well- bleached celery, so we cannot say of any one method, this is the right and the only way. The important thing is to find the simplest and cheapest way of pro- ilucing this type of celery, especially in these days of increasing scarcity of labor. Excellent results have been attained by the old system of planting in the trenches, but this method is per- haps the most laborious of all. Early celery must be planted in hot beds or in the house early in March, but for the late or main crop the mid- dle or end of April is early enough. The young plants after being shifted once, can be permanently started out the end of June or in July. The ama- teur would perhaps do as well to buy ,%ell grown plants, if they are needed in only small qkiantities. Celery responds to the richest soil and calls for considerable moisture- being what is called a "gross feeder." Whether manure or concentrated fer- tili/.frs are used, they should be well mixed with soil to, at least, a depth of five or six inches. Thus prepared, the enriched soil will give good results. Nitrate of soda in small quantities may be put around the plant when it has become well establishsd. MAN'S GREATEST FRIEND. "Of all the animal friends of man, the cow is the greatest. I wish as you sit down to dinner today I might take away all she has contrib- uted thereto. I would take away the cup of milk on the baby's tray; rhe cream from your coffee, the butter for your braad, thj, cheese to ac- company your pie, the cream biscuit, the custard pio itself, the roast beef, the delicious gravy, and leave you a meal of potatoes, beets, pickles aud toothpicks. Every scrap of her, from nose to tail, is used by man. Her horns are used to comb our hair, her skin upon our feet, her hair goes into the plaster on our walls, her hoofs make glue. Her tail makes soup, her blood is used to make our sugar white and her bones are ground to fertilize our soil. She has carried man from Plym- outh Sock to the setting sun. Her sons turnod the sod in the settler's clearing. Her sous hauled the prairie schooner for the sturdy pioneer while she followed. When the day 's march was doue she gave the milk to fill the mother's breast, to feed the little children. Indeed, we hail her proudly as the foster-mother of the human race." (An adaptation of Col. F. M. Wood's "Tribute to the Cow.") BEE KEEPING. BY H. B. DUROST, B. S. A. To make some money out of your bees: 1. Get an outfit of up-to-date supplies. 2. Use only movable frame hives â€" the 10-frame Langstroth is as good as the best, and is standard. 3. Don't try to produce comb honey only. Get extra-supers and an extractor. 4. Get a smoker, and learn how easily bees may be controlled wlieu han- dling. 5. Clip your queens to prevent loss of swarms. 6. Get your bees strong for the clover honey flow, by giving the queen plenty of laying space during the breeding season. 7. Feed at this time if it is found necessary. 8. See that there are no openings into the hive, except the regular en- trance, and that that is partially closed when there is no honey coming iu. Prevent all robbing if possible. 9. Get supers on at the right time â€" better a little early than too late. 10. Put another super on under the lirst, wheit the first is about lialf (11 led. U. Take away all white honey at end of clover bloom. Do not allow it to become mixed with the dark fall honey. 12. During August, remove old (picens ('2 years or over), and introduce young queens. i:i. See that all colonies have an abundance of stores before they are yut into winter quarters. 14. If any colony weighs less than Hfl or 70 lbs. (lO-frame Langstroth) f('<'(I them. lo. Feed a syrup made of one part of water to two parts sugar. Stir sugar into boiling water. It). For feeder use- quart sealer or 5 lb. tin honey-pail, with perforated cover. 17. Do not try to winter bees in an upper chamber where the tempi'ra- turo may go below zero. 18. Put your bees in a corner of the cellar where they will be disturbed as little as possible. HI. Put up a partition and make the place dark. 20. Do not fasten the bees in the hive. 21. The hives may be tiered up. Do not put them tight against the wall and at least one foot from loor. Turn entrance away from door. 2. Keep temperature as even as possible. Do not disturb the bi'cs .just to see how they are getting on. 23. Don 't be in too much haste to get bees out in the s])ring. They am as well in the cellar, provided they are quiet, until there is something for them to work on outSido. 24. Get some books on bees â€" (Langstroth on the Honey Bee is a classic) â€" and rcail. Take notes and keep accounts Use sewing silk instead of cotton wlu-n basting velvet and there will bo MO traces left when the stitches are removed. Clothes that have become yellow should be washetl as usual and then soaked overnight in water to which crenni of tartar (one teaspoonful to a quart) has been added. Ill peeling potatoes do not discard skins, but place in vessel and cover with water. Put in lamp chimneys and set to simmer for three hours on back of stove. They will be as bright as new when taken out and rinsed and dried. The children 's bubble blowing sport can be greatly improved b.v adding half a teaspoonful of glycerine to each quart of water. This gives tenacity to the bubbles. One teaspoonful of ammonia in a tea- cup of water makes a good cleaning fluid for gold or silver jewelry. Apply with a soft cloth and wipe thoroughly dry. Putting a piece of bread into pea »</up prevents the peas from sinking to the bottom of the saucepan and burning. Take a piece of board large enough to hold your scrub pail, and nail two- inch-wide strips around the edge. Put castors on the under corners, and your trunk is complete. This is a great strength saver. .V little fine salt added to stnrch greatly improves its quality. Soak the iron rust spots in fresh lem- on juice and hold immediately over the steam from a tea kettle until they disappear. By holding under running cold watei a few moments the stain left by a tin hot iron will quickly disappear. Add a teaspoonful of turpentine to half a pail of warm water. Dip a cloth in this, squeeze dry and rub the rug vigorously. This treatment will make the rug look like new. VEAL LOAFâ€" A NEW WAY. Take two pounds chopped beef, one cup tine bread ornnibs. one egg, salt pepper and a little onion. Make loaf and bake one hour. Have readv .a to- mato sauce made as for any Spanish ili.sh, turn loaf on a platter, cover with tomato snuee, slice one or two oranges through skin and all, quarter inch thick; lay around as for garnish. Put a spoonful of rice on each side and serve. HERMITS 1 egg, 1 cup sugar, '/^ cup batter or lard, 2 cups of flour, '/j cup sweet milk, Ml teaspoon soda, ^ teaspoon (round- ed) baking powder, V, teaspoon each cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice. Mi cup chopped raisins. Cream butter and sugar. Add egg well beaten. Mix soda with flour, [f lard is u.sed add a pinch of .salt. Add nlternatelv with milk to mixture. Add raisin.s and spices. Drop from a spoon into WASTING OUR WATER POWERS Inefficient and Obsolete Plants Not Developing Power Available WAR COST EUROPE 20,000,000,000 POUNDS Estimate of Losses Made ^_ by English Financier (.'anada occupies an outstanding posi- tion in regard to water power wealth, not only with respect to the aggregate power at sites already developed and in use, but even more so to that await- ing development. The total of our po- tential load-water, 24-hour power is estimated at some 19,000,000 horse- power. .\lthough the greater amount of pow- er is produced in large and efficient plants, there are many inefficient small plants. Each of these plants, however, is valuable as a producer of energy and owing to the number, the aggre- gate amount of power they represent is considerable; moreover, these small- er plants are usually situated in the more thickly populated areas, where power is at a premium. It is interesting to note how condi- tions in some of the small plants can be improved at a relatively low cost, as illustrated by the reconstruction of a small hydro-electric plant of some 400 li.p., operating under a head of 14 I'eet. The original plant was destroyed by a washout, aud, in the design of the new plant, all modern and efficient practice and methods were utilied. The (•«• plant is showing marked increase inefficiency over the old, due to the increased efficiency of the units and of the method of operation, 'ine plant has carried for the past two years mori! than twice the load that the old plant noruuilly handled and has not yet experienced the shortage of water which formerly occurred each year in the later summer and winter montlis. The results at this plant illustrate what reconstruction can accomplish for small plants operating wastefully, cither through auticjuated equipment, leaky dams or other inefficient works. grcjiHcU i)an and bake in a moderate oven. Grammond Declares Amer- ica and Japan Were the Only Belligerents That Prospered The actual cost of the war to Eur- opean belligerents was in excess of £20,000,000,000, represented by prop- erty destroyed, losses in investments Dbroad, depreciation of properties and by pensions, Edgar Crammond, English (iuancier, told the Bankers' Institute at a recent meeting in Loudon, He fixed the following as the real losses of the European belligerents: (Jerinanv, £8,700,000,000; France, £6,- 250,000,000; the United liiugdom, £5,- 200,000,000; Italy £2,100,000,000; Bel- gium, £500,000,000. To only two belligerent countries- â€" the United States and Japanâ€" did the war bring prosperity, Mr. Crammond said, but Spain, Holland, Switzerland, Greece and Scandinavia also had grown wealthier. He- believed the ' ' liquid capital of the- world, now dis- tributed- in centres which are unac customed to the excercises of their new powers," would eventually again find its chief outlet through London. ' ' The war has produced an extraor- dinary change in the economic rela- tions of the United States with Europe," he said. "Whereas in iai4 -Xmerica owed Europe £2,000,000,000, at -jresent Europe owes America £2,000,000,000." Increaso of United States Wealth. Assuming that the post-war purc- hasing power of the dollar was 70 per cent, of its pre-war value, Mr. Crammond said during the past five years there had been an actual in- crease in the national wealth of the United States of approximately 30 per cent., and he estimated this wealth now in the neighborhood of £70,000,- 000,000, to £80,000,000,000. The National wealth of Japan, he estimated, had been doubled by the war. On the basis of a post-war mark valued at 50 per cwnt. of its pre-war value, he estimated Germany had lost aport from the indemnity, 2ti per cent, of her national wealth, the whole of her mercantile marine, all her col- onial possessions and practically the whole of her investments abroad. If the figures suggested at the Hythe conference, £ti.;;o0,0O(),000, were fixed as the German war indemnity, he declared the total losses of the German people arising out of the war would be equiv- alent to about £15,000,000,000 or one- half her notional wealth. "So far as the world as a whole is concerned, the principal loss is in the fact that Europe is not yet 'a going concern,' " he continued, "but the underlying economic forces which made her the great centre of the world's commercial activities are still at work and will rapidly transform the et!onomic situation in Europe." He said the dominant characteristic of international trade in the next ten years will be a tremendous world de- mand for capital, and the internal financial policies of the nations should be framed with due regard to this cnodition. CHOCOLATE BREAD PUDDING 1 'i' Clips stale bread crumbs, 2 cups niil'i, 1 s(|uare chocolate, '/^ cup sugar, 2 I'ggs, Vj teaspoon vanilla, '/s tea- s|« on salt. Scald milk, add bread crumbs and let soak for 30 minutes. .Melt chocolate over hot water, add l.alf the sugar and enough hot milk frdui the bread and milk to pour. Add to bread aud milk. Save the white of one egg for frosting. Beat eggs and add to mixture with the remaining ffi.gar. .salt aud vanilla. Four into a liuttcreil dish iind bake an hour in a moderate iiven. Beat egg white till .stiff and dry. Beat in one-fourth cup sugar. Spread over pudding when the inuldiuj; has baked 5(1 minutes and let brown. TOMATO BISQUE If a hot soup is desired to be (juick- ly served, the following is one which can be made in a very few minutes: I'rcpare two cups of thin, well-sea- soned cream sauce. Hent one can of to- mato sauce, add a pinch of soda â€" l-l(i tcasjjoon â€" and pour it into the hot cream sauce, stirring constantly. Serve at once with crisp crackers. NORTHERN BAKED HAM Boil gently a large piece of the thick- er end of the ham, allowing about fifteen minutes for each pound. When ilone remove from kettle and peel off the rind. Press a few cloves into the fatty portion. Make a paste of brown sugar, bread crumbs and a little mus- tard, moistened with the licpiid from the kettle. Spread this paste over the surface of the fat, pressing it in well with a spoon. Place in the oven to brown. A POOR SPORT. Melville Dnvisson Post, who has a stock farm in West Virginia, asked an old negro tenant what sort of man was his neighbor, .ludge X. "Well, Mistnh Post," replied the negro, "Judge X is the kin' of nmn who ain 't got neithah morals or Fed- erals. ' * VOCAL HERITAGE. "Go (Ui and lu>#\l into that," said the distracted father of twin infants, their lungs close up in front of the power is at a premium, receiving horn of a phonograph, "and then Inter un you'll know what you owe to your parents, ' ' EXPORT BUSINESS. Splendid Opportunities for Those Who Go After It Aggressively. â- While the rapid restoration of Eur- opean industries to their normal pro- duction is making Canadian export .sali's increasingly difficult, Canadian manufacturers ought not to be dis- couraged with the situation and relax their efforts. There are splendid pos- sibilities of export business for those who will go after it aggressively. The success of the Canadian Woolen Manu- facturers' --VsKOciation in this con- nection (iiiglit to encourage other Canadian industries. The woolen nmnut'acturers are .still working on cloth for the Greek Government with business to the amount of some $2,500,- 000 still to complete. Orders from South .America aggregating $500,000 have been booked but work on them lins not yet c<immeuced. Mr. I'. H. Vapp, Secretary-Treasurer of the Canadian Woolen Manufacturers' As- sociation, is now in Europe negotiating for the financing of a $4,000,000 con- tract with the Rumanians. J Newspapers were first printed in England In the year 1022, in the reign of James I. FORTUNATE NELLIE. Six year-olil .Margaret often played with Nellie, a neighbor's little girl. One rainy day the two were just start- ing across the clean kitchen floor at Margaret 's homo when the latter 's mother, seeing their muddy shoes, headed them oif and sent them out to play on the porch, .\fter a moment, Nellie remarked: "My mother don't care how much I run over the kitchen floor." There was quite a long interval of silence. Then Margaret said: "1 wish 1 had a nice, dirty mother like you've got, Nellie." HANDICAPPED. Little Mnida while taking her broth- er for a walk met small Billy with his dog. "How old is vour bruvverf" asked Billy. "One year," was the answer. "Humph!" was the disgusted re- ply, "my dog is a year old, too, and he can walk twice as far as vour bruv- ver." "Well ho might," was the indig- nant retort, "for he has twice as many legs. ' ' EQUAL TO THE OCCASION. Passer-by (to victim of motor-scoot er) : â€" And would you know the man again â€" ^could vou swear to himf The Victimâ€" Could If What d'you take me for? Why, of course I did!