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1 Household With buck ;i ud Duckling. Ducks are in season all the year. Ducklings are in season only when they are young. But when they are ioo old to be duck-lings they are ducks, so their age makes Little dif- ference. But know which delicacy you have bought. If it is duck it must be oooked in one way; if it is duckling it must b? cooked in an- ' other. If you would have duckling, make mire that the feet and bills are bright yellow. Then buy a good fat .specimen. After it is drawn waah the inside of it with a cloth, and dry it. Then rub- it with salt and pepper, and spread it thinly with butter. Roast it for 30 minutes in a hot oven, basting it several times with its own liquor. When it is cooked to a golden brown remove 'it from the roasting pan to a hot dish. Add a cupful of broth to the liquor in the pan and let it come to a 'boil. Strain it over the duck, garnish with crisp, green prigs of parsley, and serve with hot apple sauce. A more elaborate duckling dish is a French salmi. F'jr this dish se- lect, a fat duckling weighing four or five pounds. Wash and dry it. In a roasting pan slice a quarter of a carrot, half an onion, a stick of cel- ery, and add a bay le^f, a clove, and two tablespoonfuls of butter over the duck. Roast the duckling in a brisk oven for half an hour, basting it oc- casionally. Then take it from the pan and remove the legs and breast. Cut them in three parts. Put them ia a dish and keep them warm. Put the carcass of the duck in a mortar and add the liver, the heart and the vegetables from the roast- ing pan. Pound all these to a pulp. Add a gill of tomato sauce, two gills of rich stock and 'boil ten minutes. Strain into the dish with the duck and boil slowly for 15 minutes be- fore serving. Roasted duck is almost as palat- able as roasted duckling. To pre- pare a duck for roasting singe and draw it, then wash it and dry it in- side and out. If it is fairly young dredge it with flour, salt and pep- per and spread it with butter. Roast it for 20 or 30 minutes in a hot oven. If it is not so young and i some- what strong in flavor, stuff it with quarters of apple before roasting it. These apple sections must be re- moved before the duck is served, j as they will have absorbed a dis- agreeably strong flavor. Decorata the duck with frr-sh cress, and serve it with olives, green peas and apple sauce. When duck is more than 13 months old it is too '<.! for roasting, for it is tough. However, it can be in ill'- into some interesting stewed and boiled dishes. Plain boiled duck is prepared in this way : Ruib the duck with salt, after it Is singed and drawn and washed, and let it stand two days. Then boil it for half an hour. Take it from the water at the end of that time and ctuff it with fine bread crumbs, mixed with a finely minced boiled onion, and saxe, butter, pep- per aud salt to taste. Wheu the duck is liniilv stuffed return it to tho water and boil it until it is ten- der. Slewed duck with chestnuts is another delicious duck dish that i* mude on the top of the stove. But a tough du?k that can be satisfac- torily boiled may yet be too old and tough for this dish. It is better, if you woii'd make this dish as delici- ous as it may be, to ch.Hi.se a duck uf the sort you would choose for masting. Have it drawn, and spread it with ait and pepper. Lard the breast with ^trips .,( bacon, and roast it in hot oven for 15 minutes. Then take it from the oven and while it ia choking prepare a broth of a pint of beef stock, two do/.en chestnuts, rousted and peeled, two onions, Jived und fried golden brown 'but not. burned in butter, a sprig of sage and pepper and salt. When the duck is cool enough to handle, cut it into small pieces and add it to the stock. Simmer it slowly for half an hour. When it ia tender re-move the duck from the broth and put it on a hot platter. Arrange the chestnuts about it. Add a cupful of port to the broth aud thicken it with a ta- blepoonful <if butter rolled in flour. 9kraiu the resulting gravy over the dugk and chestnuts and serve. Left Over Dishes. There ar a many duck left-overs but er is seldom any left-over duck which to make them. If you are ver fortunate enough to have left- over breaot of duck, out the meat from it in dv -shaped piece*. Pice, nlwi, two ounces of boiled ham and dd it to the duck, and six chopped canned inuahrooma. Brown an ounce of butter and an ounce of flour over the fire and add two gills of stock. When it is thick and unv.xth add two tabfoipoonfuls T of uhrry and boil (or ten minutes, Then add the nw.it mixture, a little chopped parsley and cayenne pep- per, gratd nutmeg and salt to taste. Cook for ten minutes more. { Then add two egg yokea, and beat the mixture for two minutes while the eggs are heating. Cool it and form it into flat cut- lets. Roll them in egg and crumlba, when serving time comes, and fry them golden brown in deep, smok- ing hot fat. Drain them wall on brown paper and serve hot with parsley. EUROPEAN GOSSIP IIou8?hold Hint j. Do not comiplain if the tea or oof- fee loses its strength unleus it ia kept in tightly covered tins or jars. Salt codfiah or other fish ia best wrapped in paraffin paper aud then put in a box with an airtight oover. Wipe out the laundry tubs afier each wash d&y with a cloth, using either kerosene or a good cleansing powder. The cup of tea or ccffee will be in- : finitely better if the tea pot or coif- ' fee pot is scalded out just before be- ing used. If one's black gloves become a lit- f tie rusty, touch up the spots with a few drops of ink mixed well with a few drops of olive oil. If the ricer used for ricing pota- ' toes or other vegetables is heated first, the work is more expeditious- ly accomplished, and the vegetables i are lighter. If spinach, peas, dandelions and other green vegetables are cooked, covered, the color will be the better | preserved. A pinch of soda, too, en- ' hances the green. Save all the crumbs in the cartons of crackers. Bxill them out or run j through the food chopper and use for croquettes, for thickening soups or for scalloped dishes. A mixture of one teaspoonful of black ink to a saltspoonful of liquid : gum will do much to brighten a ' black straw if rubbed wefi into the interstices of the plait with a stiff brash. Cheese may be kept moist Jor some time, if the cut surfaces are rubbed over with butter : then the cheese is wrapped in paraffin paper and kept in a cool, dry, dark place. A teacher of cooking says that for every quart of cooked vegetables, four even tablespoonfuls of butter, a teaspoonful of salt and an eighth of a teaspoonful of pepper should be used for seasoning. There is no better way of bright- ening rugs or carpet* than to wash ! them, after a thorough sweeping, using a solution of ox gall dissolved in tepid water. After an hour rinse ' the floor covering with a washing of clear tepid water. If a square piece of board meas- uring a foot across be fitted with casters at each corner, it will be found of the greatest convenience i when scrubbing the floor or the pi- azza. The scrubbing pail may be | moved along instead of having to be lifted. Bran filled into cheesecloth bags is excellent for cleaning wall paper, i It is also better than soap for the bathtub, and for the neck, face and , hands nothing is better. It is as cleansing for clothes as for the , body. Boiled, and the water used the same as soap suds, it is as sat- isfactory for delicate fabrics as soap and does not injure the color. A great help in doing housework is a kne pad made of stout cloth. I It should be about twelve inches wide and half as long again. Stuff it with hair or other filling so it is about two inches thick and then tack it here and there to hold the t stuffing in place. If the under side is covered with oilcloth it will slide over the surface of the floor more easily. Sour milk need not be thrown away. Iu fact, for reasons of health, it is exactly the thing that should not be. It van be used for cleaning i Ituoleum, which will polish wonder- ; fully afterwards with the usual beeswax mixture, or it can be used in the making of scones. Flour, 1-j !)>., pinch of bicarb, soda aud ofi jalt, and the sour milk to mix this! to consistency of light dough ia the : method. Boll out to about half-inch thick, -!i -ipi' as desired, and bake \ quickly till browned both sides, j Better than baking is to ''girdle" them in i pan over a clear fire, where they can be watched and turned. Ships of Concrete. A 600- ton concrete scow was re- cently launched at Baltimore, Maryland. It is 110 feet long, 28 feet wide, and has a depth of 10 feet 6 inches. Others built before this one, havo hown a largo sav- ing in repairs over wooden craft. It ia claimed by the buildr that concrete vessels will ultimately create a revolution in ship construc- tion. The Italians have already mado use of concrete vessels, and have found them practicable, it is stated. Indeed, they eecm to be of exceptionally stout build, for one of them, rammed by a small war oruiKer, showed no other injury but a crack, which it was quite possible to repair successfully. This acci- dental test gave the contractor much ftatisfacfcion. TJxa German Emparor h*d arranged to to to IiK-hl In tho JLu-.umii, In order to iuet tie Entoror ot Austria, und much political importunes la auuvhixi to HUH 111 dlploziatio clrcloa ill both Berlin and Vlauna. The Empjuror William has been following evor.u ui the Ualkuua with tho HMNt intercut, and baa oxi-Oiauged bin corsoiial views on varioua uliaaca of the aitutttlon w:Ui the Emperor Fraucia Joseph, aa well aa with King George. It w underKtood that racttnUy the Austrian Emooror iuvited the K'.njt to meet him at laohl thiu year, but Una .uaa beeu found to ba ioiDo^aible. owijitf to h..i Majfaty'd other enungementa. At the moment the Trials Alliance and the Triple Entente are in the main working tozether iu the endeavor to secure a Battlement in the Near East which shall WSD-IUM :-ome iiro- mlae of permaaenoe; and th-- Uuriuan Em- peror baa boen using hia nuruonal influ- ence in tlm direction. It can be taken aa assured that the Triule Entente are agreed upon atabl:eh:ng the predomin- ance of tho Slav element iu the BuUmuu; and that France aud Great Britain re- main in perfect accord, waa shown at the interview butweeii the Forjiini Secretary and Sir Fruncii Btrtie. our Amba.iaudor to France, who arrived iu London from Parw eaoecially for the occauiou. The Turkish Coup. It is no use being indignant about the Turkiah reoccupation of Adrianoole and Thrace. The Turks are there and the aucbtion la how are tnoy to be got out? It might also be asked, why should they be rot, out? And to talk in reply of Turk- iah "perfidy." aa nome of our Balkan eu- :ljiiai:u>ii9 do, aud generuLy of the undesir- ability of Turkish rule is hardly suf- fleiout. Opinion in Europe ia divided on the subject, for It must be rememoered that the Turk ia not altogether friendless In Christendom. Our owu press showe that even Engliuh opinion ia divided. But even supposing that the Powers are uiiaii- lmoun againut Turkey, how are they to enforce their will? The Bulgariaua are cot strong enough to retake Adriunoule. Servia and (ireeoe are not going to do It. They are at present oa very cood termd with the Turk. Naval demonstrations in tin- Aegean may be very impressive, but would be quite futile. A year ago Mytl- lene might have been seized in hostage or eome ether of hia islands. Now nothing haa beeu left to auize. The utmost that one can conceive ia of a blockade of Syinnra it cannot be easily occupied but it would hurt Manchester more than Con- stantinople. Austria cannot get at Turkey even if she wanted to. Russia might oc- cupy Constantinople, but the Powers would not let her, or she might, and per- haps will, take the Armenian provinces. But that everyone dreads, for by doing eo ehe will ra: the whole duration of Asia Minor a question wli. -li the Chancellor- ies, for very good reii:ioD. would rather not have raised. Another method remains. If the Turku cannot be compelled, they might be- persuaded, and thr meana of per- suation are many and obvioun. At any rate. Turkey promises to do pretty well out of her l.it.vt adventure. In fairness, one muHt admit that -h,- has at least as good right to do >o aa Roumania. and. per- haw). better, though one cannot condone the actioii of either tttate. or for that mat- ter, any of the Balkan States. Pastas* of tin Dardanilln. Ngotiatioiia for the neutralisation of the Straits of the Dardanelles have been In progress, I learn, since the Italio-Turk- ish War. and but fur the Balkan imbrog- lio. It is likely that an understanding on the eubjeyt would have been effected by now. It is understood that all the mari- time countries coucernvd are agreed that the closing of thin important highway of commerce- should no longer bu pounible. It waa estimated that the blockade last year ccet the shipping companies and mer- chants tlSO.OOO per day. Owing to politi- cal vicieeitnxb'H and the gradual change of trade routes, Constantinople baa lout a rood deal of iin status, as one of the world's chief markets, and as new rail- ways are built in Asia Minor, it will de- cline still further. Indeed, the entablivh- nieut of a free son at thin centre is DOW proposed, no that the time neema ripe for dealing with the question of the Dardan- elles on an international bapis. It i. in- deed, bfl:rv'd that the present troubles in the year pant will expedite the matter. State Oil Fields and Rtflnarle*. Mr Churchill's policy for ultimate adop- tion of State oil tli-lds and State oil re- fineries bag boon greeted with a <-horua of praise from every one. The oil resource* of the world, though expanding, are lim- .! The demand, owing to the spread of motor traction, w multiplying at a stu- pendous rate. Prlct. which are at pre- sent artificially high, owiug to the com- plex network or trusts, rings, cartelii. and alliances that control tb industry, are soaring upwards and will continue to do do. The needs of the navy even whim it is an " all-oil " navy, will be v.-rv small In comparison with the general demand, and a few State oil fields exploited cau- tiously and for State purposes onl.vlould render the Stat independent of the oil don. Many women, tired of toy pom. very socialistic indeed, for the Htate fac- tories would have to put their higher dis- tillates uu the market. At the same time the oil ttolds of the Empire India, the Kut and West Indies, Canada, and other colonies- will be encouraged and perhapt subsidised under certain conditions laid down by the Admiralty. In any event the British Empire will be in an advantageous position as compared with an v otnor oouu- try than the V lilted States. With lh rapid failure of ttie Austrian nelds. Ger- many will be forced to rely more and more upon imports, flroat Britain will not merely have fairly rich and expand- ing oil fllds of her own. but b* ber conv maud of the seas will have control even of the fuel supplies ot her chief nuval rival. Rloh Folks 1 Pots. Ttn- vraxe of animal*, domestic and otherwise, visibly increases. A few weeks ago an eouentrio princew drove two leop- ardn, x>ui some such. Uto anlmalq. Into a Baffle uiMoim It a CCtt!!'?". it2 Sr^ duced hysterics in half of those present, and panic in tho rest- at she no doubt intended to do. The nervous visitor to the modern English country-home has shocks almost as alarmiug. A young man returned from a vteek-eud at a big place in the West not long ago, and said it was charming, but he had met a bear coming round a oush Iu tho grounds before break- fast, and he could not stand it- not be- fore breakfast. A well-known duchera has a whole menagerie in a county near Lon- ion. Many women, tired of toy poms, 'muff specimen " Pekinese, Bchipperkca. and white chows, take to weirder pets. One woman terrifies her friends by keep- Ing two mongooses (loose and forv active) In her boudoir. As for the kwping of dog .ui.l cat kennels. It in now a more than lucrative employment, and not a vory ar- duous ono. They may be started on quite a small scale in a spare stable and with & $100 note, and will evolve, wltJi luck. Into fine airy kenneli with extensive HIM-. separate sleeping-rooms and overv luxury. t)ns or more kennel men ftio kopt for tho rough and unpleasant work, but tlio uc- vessful o-wnor has an oye to all accounts, showing und nil other fixtures, and in course of time, may have a depot In Lon- don, either a tiny shop window filled with prlne-wlnners or dogs' drawing-room with real ohaint and nofns, from which tho countless "umaHest dogs In Kiigumd' aro sold as puppies at prices ranging from twenty guineas up to anything you like. In due oourHO, when the dog turns into a rather ordinary full-grown Httlo d'g. lt owner has forgotten all about tho price she puid for it. and has probably Just bought a toy chimpaiuoe. nd the '"smallest dog" Is handed over to the nur- sery as the children's pst. London. July J), 191J. Not Always. "A sctft answer turns away wrath." "Well, Jim Jon3 only got mad- der wh-en I told him he was mushy." She "Mr. Scrappington and his wdte wore riding in their car yester- day, when it skidded and they fell out." He "Well, that w*s a lit- tle variety fc>r them. Usually their fallings out toJle place at home." LADY CONSTANCE RIf TJA RDSON IN STRANGE (JARB. the back After a Record-Breaking Tour The Simple Life. Lady Constance Stewart-Richardson, who recently earned princely salary of $5,000 a week as a dancer in New York, is in England and is leading the simple life with a vengeance. She set out from tho Savoy Hotel to tour the country in an up-to-date cara- van, and throughout hr wanderings is determined to live up to the title of "Sweet. Simplicitas." DIFFERS WITH LOMBKOSO. Criminality Is Proof I'auui'ity. of Hind The theories respecting criminaL- and criminal types as sft forth Dr Goring, medical officer at edness but natural stupidity" Sir Robert wholly disbelieves. What the police call a 'good' criminai is always a clever man," he said. "Weak-minded people of- ten do wrong things thoughtlessly, but in estimating criminality the low standard of intelligence is a negligible quantity. ity 1 by the Parhkurst (England) Peniten- tiary, in "The English- Convict,' 1 a 1 publication just issued a* a Blue Book, were discussed recently by Sir Robert Anderson, late head of , the criminal investigation depart- ment. Dr, Goring's measurements conflict with the theory of Lorn- fa ro*o that there is a definite type of criminal, and that it is possible to recognize various kinds of crimi- ' nals by the conformation of their head, but he come* to the conclu- ' sion that the English convict is de- : fective in physical strength, weight, i stature and mental capacity. Sir Robert Anderson, does not ac- ' cept either theory. "Take, for example," he said, "what is commonly the case with a i man who is successful in, perpetrat- ' ing frauds on property. He is of- ten a most fascinating man, some- times handsome, with a good edu- cation to his credit.' 1 In this con- i nection Sir Robert relates an in- I terestiug aueodote. Max Nordau Embarrassed. "When I was at Scotland Yard," : he remarked, "Dr. Max Nordau j came to see me. I knew he was 'coming and laid a trap for him. I ; had in my desk two photographs, in each of which all bvvt the head and. features -were concealed from view. I placed them before Dr. Nordau and, aslced hnn to tell me ; h* s'tiie criminal. ' H- k i - i tated fox a long time and finally | shirked the- decision. One of the 1 photographs was that of Woerth j Raymond, who stole the Agnew Gainsborough ; the other was Dr. Temple, Archbishop of Canter- bury." "What i your inference?" was the next question. "This and other evidence avail- able puts out of court the Lombros-> theory. Some criminals ha\ B II SIHDIY SCHOOL LESSM INTERNATIONAL LESSON, SEPTEMBEtt 7. Lesion X. TUo Teii Cummand- 1 mciiis, I.-Exod. 20. 1-U. en Text, Luke 1AU 27. Verse 1. And God, spake all these words In Dout. 5. 6-21 is preserved another version of. these command- ments. The two versions agree in substance, but differ in wording and in the reasons assigned for obeying certain of the injunction* In Deuteronomy there is a verse, after the fourth commandment re- minding the Israelites of what God had done for them. ^Joth versions in turn differ from the earliest He- brew, Greek, Syriac and Latin manuscripts, and from the New Testament quotations and summar- ies such as those given in Mark 10. 19 and Rom. 13. 8, 9. These facts seem to point out an original sim- pler form, or which all the versions mentioned are- amplifications and expansions. 2. I am Jehovah thy God It was important that the people should understand that the law set forth in the following words was the commandment of Jehovah himself I to his people. 3. Thou shall/ The pronoun is in the set-und person singular. The law addresses itself to each indi- vidual member of the nation. 4. Graven image In reality an image hewn from wood, aa distin- guished from a "molten'' image. The addition of the words Nor any likeness' 1 shows that the intended reference ia to idols in general. As the first commandment asserts the unity of God and is a protest agaiust. polytheism, so the second emphasizes his spirituality and is a protest against idolatry and ma- terialism. The commandment has sometimes been understood to for- bid the making of all statuary and sculpture ; but it should rather be combined with verse 5 and l> in- terpreted as forbidding the making of images for the purpose of wor- shiping them. The water under the earth Ac' cording to the Hebrew conception the earth, which waa flat, was sup- ported upon the waters of the ''great deep' 1 (comp. Gen. 1). 5. Upon the third and upon the fourth generation Tho inexorable law r>f heredity is vaJid for good aa well as for evil. Its subtle work- ings whereby it appears sometimes ! to skip one or more generations "The criminal is generally <lefi- 1 have in our time especially become nitely clever. If you were to take a raa tter of careful scientific study and investigation. 6. Unto thousands Or, & thou- sand generations. 7. The name of Jehovah thy God Among ancient Oriental peoples the name of a person was regarded as of much greater significance and importance than in our day, stand- ; ing, as it did, in u. peculiar sense ; for the person himself. Hence- to blot out a name meant practically the annihilation of. the person and all memory of him. To use unne- cessarily or carelessly the name ot God was the height of irreverence. Later a too literal interpretation of this commandment led to a sub- stitution of the word "adonai" (lord) for "Yahweh" in reading 1 tho Scriptures, which habit, in turn, resulted in a corruption or cot nation of the two, from which has will do anything to get back what he has lost." Tliat the vast majority of crimi- nals are of a low standard ot intel- ligence, often amounting to mental deficiency in other words, that criminality ''is not inherent wick- the prisoners in jail and people in a shim around which you had put a ring fence for purposes, o! compari- son you would mostly find the pre- ponderance of ability among the convicts. EMIGRATION FROM SCOTLAND Nearly 2ufl,OUO Person* Left Her Shores in Last Four Years. Scottish persons Scotland during Nearly 200.000 emigrated from the four years 1909-10-11-12. This number is equal to two- thirds of the population of Edin- burgh, or nearly to the combined populations of Grimsby, Ipswich and Reading. Statistics are printed ia a Par- liamentary reply by the Secretary for Scotland to a question by Mr. 4 come our English word ''Jehovah Jesse Ceilings. They show how im- migration has increased, the> follow- ing figures being tike number of Scottish emigrants only : ou 34,252 1910 55,211 1911 57,417 1912 64,052 The figures for the first three years are those of Scottish emi- grant* from Scottish ports only, while the 1912 figures include Scot- tish emigrants from other ports in the United Kingdom. Tho figures above make a total of 210,932, but during the four 8. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy The word "sabbath" is derived from a root meaning "to desist, to cease." It is worthy of not* tjiat in a tin> wh rAUjjisn ' ' consisted ..,,.. i u **... v,., of ritual and ceremony tliM super- ior ethical code places emphasis on only one external ami formal reli- gious duty, narrowly so called, namely, that of Sabbath observ- ance. 9. Six days sha'.t thou labor, and do all thy work Note that the posi- tive command to work is as binding as the prohibition to wort on the Sabbath day. Son . servant daughter, . . . maid servant. charming he-ads. Again, take such vea , rs -28,733 persons of Scottish na- an agency a-s the Barnardo Hornet j tionality landed from ports outside stranger Personal reaponsibilitr which send to Canada children re j o j K ur Jp O _ for keeping the laws of Qod is far If the emigrants had remained in reaching. Scotland they might have peopled a large now town. cued from the streets. I have been assured, on the testimony of a Gov- ernment inspector of. child immi- gration, ili.it not in. ' i (i than d per cent, of theae children turn out failures. Drink the Cans* of Crime. "I should be inclined bo iv.ake iho margin 5 per cent., but even then if the Lombroso theory were cor- rect many oi tho children would be hopeless. This is adhering, of course, strictly to the theory of physical conformation and leaving out the question of religious train- ing." Against, the theory that drink is not a cause of crime except in the case of violent offences against the person Sir Robert spoke with tho weight that comes from many years' experience of criminal in- vestigation. "Drink and gambling," he ob- served, "are fruitful causes of of- fences against property. A man reduced to poverty by his own act 11. For in six da.\ s Jehovah mn<! heaven and earth. . . . and rested the seve-itth day - The reason fT _ obedience given iu the version o( To prevent an iron sink getting ^ coauna * dment in Doiltoronomv .tor wipe it dry and rub ,t with a ig .. U)at thv man _ ^^ J^ ; maid servant, may rest as well M thou. And thou shaJt. remember that thou wast aservajit in the IJJK! of Kgypt, and Jehovah thy <xl brought t.hee out, tli.-noe l>y A mighty hand and by nn outstretch fd arm : therefore .)e4 H vah thy U<id commanded thee to keep the r-al> bath day." Later the. apostle I'aul argued strongly for (.'lirlstinn lib- erty and observance of divine iaw as a measure of Christian expedi eney. Th-e latter view also w:ts energetically maintained by I-- ther. and was favored by refo rnwsl , theologians as most in harm." with t>1h!f^ti ***ching. rusty wipe cloth dampened witli kerosene. ''When a fellow starts to do any- thing he can always succeed if he only sticks to it." ''Not always. How about when you start to re- move a sheet of sticky fly-paper that you've sat down on .'" Gibbs- -"That's a pretty rocky- looking umbrella you have there, old man. I wouldn't carry one like i that." Dibbs "I know you wouldn't-; that's the reason I carry ' it when you're about." The man who spends his life in "getting even" for real or sup- posed injuries is a torment to him- self and generally a bore to has friends. When a man says bj* was dri-en to drink he always insinuate ; i.n cine woman handled the riobn-