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VICTIMS OF PNEUMONIA, THE GERMS OF THE DISEASE IN THE AIR WE BREATHE. W Ih. II, ,.MT HI. r..l- illnrfc. Ill' !.! II. M-..M "'"I ""I iirrrr rr. , -III II... . Wklrk vhua-lil IK- OI,T r.l lit All The death records during the lone month* of the Canadian winter, show human life ha no more active or more deadly loo than pneumonia. It is a familiar saying among Canadians that old people die in winter and little children in imrmer. Of the boll of the aged who tiu:ihe<i life'* journey, a large percentage are stricken down in January, February and March, thoee being the month* in which the pneumo- microbe create! gi eaten havoc. IT 18 A UERM D1IIIA4K. Comparatively few people are aware that pneumonia i* a germ disease, cauted by a distinct species of microbe aud in no way to be confounded with a severe cold or inflammation of the lung. In winter the atmosphere contain* great number* of the** microbe* which are inhaled by all the itrong throwing them off by reaeon of their constitutional vigor and the weak falling, IB two many cases, victim* to the di*ea*. There U little doubt tha*. thoueaodi of disease germ* of all kind* are inhaled daily and thrown off without injury by itrong organism*. STMPTOIMOF THI I'l-IAsr. Once the germ of pneumonia enter* lung* uitable for it* operation*, it btgins it* work. The lymptom* of thi* di*ea*e are well marked, and no phyucian experience* much difficulty in diagnosing a ca*e of pneumonia. The first manifestation* is a marked chill with rigor and shivering, last- ing from twenty minute* to an hour. There I* an acute pain in the lide affected which row* in munilty a* the di*ea*e advance*. In ordinary ease* there U a cough and the sputum thrown off is tinged with blood nd very tenacious. The temperature goes up to KJ.'I or |D4 and continue* so during tne course of the illness, which i* about a week or ten days, when It suddenly falls. This sudden fall is oalled the crisis of pneumonia, and u quit* a distinct /ratur* of the di>* e*e. A* soon a* the crisis occur* the pa- tient chauges from a condition of severe pain to cm of comparative comfort and proceed* to jst well. The cause ot all these manipulations, ot conrse,haa been the pneu- monia microbe which causes an inflammation of the lung or lung* by bringing about an rxu.Utiou of serum which coagulate* with in the cells, closes them up and render* the long* to'.allv useles* for respiratory pur- pose*. One lobs of a lung may be allected, or two, or the whole or belli lung*. DKINKAHO'l degree and is often noticed in veritable epidemic*. The germ* would seem to form little populous centres of their own and not infrequently two or more members of a family are stricken at the same time. HOW TO AVOID I'SEI MOSIA. Siooe treatment atfeots the progress of pneumonia to such a small deitree and as the dea'h rat* is so hih it is obvious that all precautions should be otuervcd to pre- vent an attack. Although it is a uerrn disease and not t> be confounded witli a cold, it ha*, nevertheless, been observed that it i* ususjly associate I with exposure t.. .-old and damp weather. Did people should be particularly careful to wrap up warmly when going out, and to avoiil all sudden draught* and chill*. Exposure In severe odd should be avoided. A* an organism in good physical condition will throw off the germs, it stands to reason that all thould strive to keep up the tone nf the system by observing the) rules) of health which are now sufficiently known it all Cleanliness, freeh air, exercise and butcher's meat are the means to this end. It has moreover been frequently noticed by the observant physician that people who worry greatly are particularly subject to the disease. Worry of course lowers ths vitality and indirectly makes a man reck- less so that he is not as careful to avoid exposure a* he would be ordinarily. This is a probable explanation of the susceptibil- ity of excitable people to pneumonia. A* fr drinker* it would indeed be well if they drew it mild at least during the winter month*. Let pneumonia gel lU grip on a heavy drinker and be is usually a dead man in three days. There is little or no hope for him. Whin it is considered that drinker* who keep late hours are particu- larly exposed to cold it will be readily conceded that King Alcohol plays directly into the hands of pneumonia. If, however, people make an effort to keep up their health, and observe regular hour*, there i* not great danger from this disease. If people were to make some little effort along this line undoubtedly the death records of pneumonia for the season lo'JI-5 would look meagre a* compared with those of former ytaia. CARE OF MACADAM ROADS Especially is pneumonia hard on those who have been addicted to strong drink. Statist. ca of death in pneumonia would furnish onsof th* most striking temperance lecture* on record if all th* facts were known. The very young and the aged nccumb readily enough to this fell destroy- er, but the man of strong frame goes down in ths pride of his strength if he has undermined his oonstilution by alcohol. So commonly ha* this been observed that a very malignant form of pneumonia which ha* been frequently noticed in case* of inebriate* ha* I wen termed "drunkard'* pneumonia." In this malignant form, there may b* little or no coughing ; the temperature will *how but little rise ; but the pulse is usually bounding. The heart is speedily affected and death result*, as it dose in trust oaseeof pneumonia which prove fatal from endocarditis, or an inflam- mation within the heart. DRfGft or I.ITTI.r. AVAIL. Pneumonia is essentially a self-limited disease. It run* a fixed course and drugs have little or no effect in checking its career. Ths headache, the pain in the side, th* high fever and ths pleurisy con- tinue for about a week. Then if the patient does not die the temperature takes a drop and he gradually recovers. Wnere a doctor is most useful is in watching the action' of the heart, preventing complica- tions, and easing the pain. A physician should always be called as soon a* possible. The patient should be warmly wrapped up, but should he well supplied with fresh air. Stimulant* are useful, and a useful method of treatment in the past ha* been by poul- ticing th* chest. Of late cold water applications have given good result*, lint people should never attempt to doctor a case of pneumonia. Send for the family physician at one*. The heart must be carefully looked after, and every person doesn't understand the action of digitalis and morphia. Inhalations of oxygen, if properly administered, may be of great ' the K...I lui-.r... r *r I .ion A riEt.D POM EXPERIMENT. The curious phenomenon of the sudden fall in temperature or crisis referred to above has been the cause of many theories and experiments among medical men. As the diaous seems to limit iUelf it was thought thai the microbe threw out a sub- stance which neutralized it* own ptomaine or poison. ilher this i* th* case or else the human system manufacture* an anti toxin which neutralize* tni* poison in the method* a* it manufacture* th* anti toxin in th* new diphtheria cure. Th* medical men argued that as the crisis was caused by a serum Inutile to the poison of pneumonia, that crisis might be brought on earlier in the diseaa* if the ssrnm were injected under the skin of the patient. So they tried injection* from th* serum taken from convalesaent patient* who had reached or passed the crisis. 80 far, however, these experiments have resulted fruitlessly and pneumonia i* still one of the deadliest of acute diseases and but little amenable to treatment. DEATH RATE IS HIOII The psicentage of mortality ic pneumonia is very high. From statistic* compiled it is found that it run* from twenty to thirty per oent, of all case*. In Canada th* rate would be about twenty per cent. In southern countriss tbe rate is much higher, ranging from twenty eight to thirty per oenu Th* disease is infection* to a osrtain laches de*p. iBtlrwrlUai l. seat ... Improved roads are becoming so common in various part* of our country, that the following instruction*, iisued by the Road Improvement Associtre>n of London, Kng- land, for the guidance of their roadmen, will be of great service to all who have to do with this class of roads ; for one thing is inre. a TelfoM or Macadam road needs the best of care to be in good condition, and unless this care is given them they soon get out of order, and the work of repairing them is expensive. 1. Never allow a hollow, a rut. or a puddle to remain on a road, but nil it up at once) with chips from the stone heap. 2. Alway* ass chip* for patching and for all repair* during the summtr months. 3. Never put fresh stones on the road*, if by cross-picking and a thorough uss of the rake the surface oan be made smooth and kept at the propr strength and section. 4. Remember that the rake is the most useful tool in your collection, and it should be kept at clot* hand tbs whole year round. ft. Do not spread large patches of stone ovsr the whole width of the road, but coat I the middle or bone track first, and when this has worn in, uoat each of the side* in turn. 15. In moderately dry wsather and on hard road* always pick up ths old surface into ridge* six inches apart, and remove all large and projecting atone* before applying a new coaling. 7. Never spread stone* more than on* stons deep, but add a second layer when the first ha* worn in, if on* coat be net enough. ft. Never shoot stones on the road and crack them where they lie, or a smooth surface will lie out of the qUMtion. 9. Never put a stone upon the road for repairing purposes that will not freely pass in *very direction through a two-inch ring, ard remember that still smaller stone* ihould be used for patching and for all slight repairs. lit. Recollect that hard stones should be broken to finer gauge than soft, but that the two-inch gauge is the largest that should be used undor any circun.itances where no steam roller is employed. 11. Never be without your ring gauge ; remember Macadam's advice that any stone you cannot easily put in your mouln should lie broken smaller. 12. Use chip* if possible for binding newly laid stones together, and remember that road sweepings, horse drnppinge, *ods ur grass and other rubbish when used for this purpose will ruin the best road ever constructed. 13. Remember that water-worn or rounded stoue* should never be used upon sleep Rra limn, or they will fail to bind together. II. Never allow dual or mud to lie on the aurfaoe of the roads, for either of these will double the ooet of maintenance. 1 ,V Recollect that duit becomes mud al the ti rst shower, and that mud forms a wet blanket which will keep a road in a filthy condition for week* at a time, instead of allowing it to dry in a few hour*. 16. Remember that the middle ot the road should always IM a little higher than the sides, so that ths rain may lun into the side gutters, at once. 17. Never allow th* water-table*. gut ters and ditches to clou up, I ut keep them clear the whole year through. While all of the above rule* ar* impor tant and embrace the principles of good road adminstratirn in a small spacer-special force ahould he attached to rules 14 and 15, ss upon the observance of these two rules depend in a great measure the usefulness of all Macadam and Telford roads. Ye. how frequently do we see these beat o road* made offensive by the nsglect of these simple principle*. In too many lnt*nces the surface is allowed to become frul will horse voidings and an accumulation of dirt and dust, are seldom icrapsd or oleaned and being constantly priokled.th* surface whinh should be hard and clean, become) coumriw UK rat* I.MIUU., i.ur, i wnioi .i from twenty-eight to thirty per ' onl with a sticky, na*ty mod two or ree THE WEEK'S NEWS, CANADA. Thsre is a demand for dwelling house* in Owen Sound George hoover, a notorious bandit, ha* lieen jailed al Brockville. Jonas Kneohtel, a prominent architect of Berlin, Out., is dead from typhoid fever. The late John T. Wamngton, jr., of Belleville/left an eelate valued at flW.OOu. The assented value of property in Lon- don. Out., is $15,328,710 ; $250,700 higher than last year. The Montreal Exhibition Company has endorsed the project of holding a World's Fair in that city in 1896. The Kingston Dairy school was opened on Thursday, Professor Robertson, Domin- ion hairy Commissioner, giving tbe open- ing lecture. I'rzhodda and Happka, the two Pole* charged with a vicious attack on Mr. Wild- fong, of Berlin, Ont., eome day* ago, have been committed for trial. The insurance companies in Winnipeg, which raised the rates twenty-five per cent, on account ot ths recent nree, have restored ihem to the old figure. The following telegram ha* been received by Hon. Mr. Bowell : " Tbe Canadian Pa cific Telegraph Company will be pleased to transmit free all telegram* in connection with thn proposed national subscription. (Signed )C. R. Hosmer." The committee on tbe national testimon- ial to Lady Thompson consists of Hon. Messrs. Bowell, Ives and Anger*. Mr. Fostsr i* treasurer. Mr. Bowell received a letter fnm a Montreal gentleman sub- scribing 91,000 to the fund. Ihe Quebec Treasury has received a cheque for fifteen thousand dollar* as an inheritance tax on the late Duncan Mo- lutyre'a estate in that province. The estate in the Province of Quebec was appraised at ?l,U45,61tt. 10, but a* one-half belong* to Mr*. Mulntyre, Ihe succession duly of three per cent, only applies to the balance. Mr. John \Vhyte. of Mitchell, Ont,, ha* had about forty sheep stolen out of a herd of about five hundred, and on Thursday night James Shane, a fanner living about a mile and a quarter from Mitchell, was arrested on the charge of stealing the sheep, of which about twenty-five have been re- covered. Joseph Truskey was hanged on Friday at Sandwich Ont., for the murder of Con- stable Lindsay al Comber, Ont., on January '20th last, Truskey commuted the crime in revenge. Constable Lindsay having had him arrested for cruelty to animals in October, IH93, of which cnargs Truakey was found guilty and fined sixty dollar* and costs. Th* Rv. E. J. Feeeenden, rector of Trinity ohurah, Chippawa, Ont,, ha* com- menced an action ana issued a writ to recover hi* salary a* th* rsctor of that congregation since 181)1. The vestry psssrl a resolution in 1891 slopping Mr. r eeeenden's salary, after iheir requett to lave him removed had been refused by the lishop, but Mr. Feasenden continued in barge, being supported by a few of his ailhful parishioners. i.AT BRITAIN. Lord Brassev is spoken of as Ihe coming governor of Victoria, Australia. Ths Bank of England's rat* of discount emain* unchanged at -2 per cent. Glasgow has one underground railway n operation and two more under construe- ion. A despatch from London say* a detective a* be*n specially told off to protect the >ueen. The business troubles at St. John's Nfld., ave not had any effect on London com- merical circles. Ths Prince of Wales will go to Cannes in anuary to race his yacht, the Britannia, n the regatta there. During t'le recent flood* in the Thames alley soup was made daily at Windsor aslle for the sufferer*. Ihe inundation wa* the greatest lince 1742. It is stated on good authority in London bat the object of Sir William Van Home's isit i* not financial, but entirely fur th* Minefit of his health. At the request of Sir Charles Tupper, Mr. William Reynolds-Stephens aud Mr. osepb Whllehead each 'ook plaster cast if the face of the late Sir John Thompson or the purpose of making a bust. Serious depression prevails in the Rng- ish alkali trad*. Ihe United Alkali, 'ompany's works have been shut down aud everal thousand men are idle. In view of the agitation concerning the ransatlantio mail*, Galway is pressing ler claims as offering the bet, the safest, he cheapest, and the quiskeil route to the new world. ', The authorities of Scotland Yard say there is no truth in the statement regard- ug the visit to Kngland of a well-known rish- American extremist, with the view of evmng Fenianism in England. On Wednesday in Chester, with full horal aervioe, Prince Adolpbus of Tsok was married to Lady Margaret, the third laughter of the Duks ot Westminster. The attendance was very fashionahls, the drestes elegant, and the gift* magnifi- cent, I MTXI> 1TATXS. A heavy snowitorm ha* crippled railway Business al Carson, Nevada. The new United States cruiser Mfnnea- Eugene V. Debs, the leader of the grea A. R. U. strike at Chicago, ha* been sen- tenced to six months' imprisonment. A Washington despatch to a Buffalo pa- per say* President Cleveland is a very tick man. Gout is said to be | the malady. Ths Commercial Bank al St. Joseph, Mo., ha* gone into the hand* of an assignee. Asset*, 8320.000 ; liabilities. &!70,UOU President Cleveland ha* issued an order placing the entire internal revenue aervice under the provision* of the civil service law. Deveanx College at Niagara Fall* i* aaid to have been closed owing to an outbreak of typhoid fever in the itstituiion.and over 100 undents sent home. A lone highwayman held up the stage eight mile* Trom" Fort Thomas, Arizona, on Friday night, and secured the mail pouch, supposed to contain a large sum of money. A number of printer* who left Winnipeg recently OB account of the introduction of machine* have been arrre*ted in Grand Fork* under the alien labour law. F. 8. Fogle, a fireman on the Penn*yl vania railroad, was blown from hi* engine near New Florence by the gale which rag- ed Wednesday night, and was killed by the fall John Garvey, the tramp who entered the Astor mansion on Fifth avenue and took a sleep in one of the beds there, ha* been sentenced to one year'* imprisonment in the penitentiary. Fifty-two indictments against ex-county officials and nuir.ber* of the Hoard of .sup- ervisors have been returned by the grand jury of Sioux City, Iowa. The county has been robbed of $200.000. David G. Spragg, an insane man, living near Rid p.* way. Mo., on Tuesday evening killed his wife and two children, fatally wounded his two step children, and then committed suicide. The clay sener pipe companies of the United State* have combined, with head- quarters at Piilaburi;. They will act in harmony with ths Akron, Ohio, trust, and it is said prices will be advanced". By a collision of cable car* in the Wash- ington street tunnel, Chicago, on Wednes- day evening, one mar. was killed, (even people seriously injured and others bruited. The cars took fire and there was a general panic. Before the Lexow Committee in New THE BRAZILIAN ANACONDA. II i usilil BevssUIr the Counlpr If It Had ere Fiereeaets. Whatever the possible dimension* of the Indian and African boas, there can be no doubt that the anaconda of Brazil grows to a size wbiuh would make this species a* much the scourge of the Brazilian forest and of the waterway* of th* Amazons as the shark i* of tropical harbors, were its feroci'y equal to its strength and astomsh- ng power of speed, whether on luid or in water. It could kill, and probably de- vour, every creature, including man, which is found in th* Amazon delta. The late Mr. Bates, in his eleven yean spent in the Brazilian forests, aaw and heard more of the habit* of the anaconda than most travelers, though, like other great serpents, the individuals of this species are so little common that their ap- pearance in any ens district is too nnfre- quent to make a special study of their habits part of the day's work of a busy naturalist. Bates' first personal experience of the creature shows how impossible it i* to avoid the python by tne ordinary means of isolation sufficient to keep other dan- gerous creatures at a distance. He was at anchor in a large boat, in deep water, in the port of Antonio Malagueita. An ana- conda ewam out to the boat, lifted its head from the watei, broke in Che aide of a fowl bouse on deck, and carnsd off a couple of fowl*. It was found that this snake had been stealing ducks and fowls from this part of the river for months, so a hunt was organized, miles of river bank were search- ad, and the serpent at last feund dinning itself in a muddy creek and kil'ed. It was "not a large specimen, only 18 feat 9 inches long." But Mr. Hates measured akin* of anaconda* which were .'1 feet in length and 1 feet in girth, and he adds, "there can be no doubt that thin formidable serpent ({row* to an enormous bulk, and lives to a great age, for I have beard of specimens having been killed which measured 4'.' feet, in length.or double the sue of the largest which I had the op- portunity of examining." We must add a correction her*. They were double the length; but the size of these great reptiles, like that of fish, in- crease* enormously with every addition in longitudinal growth. A snake 'M feet in York on Friday Police Captain Creedon h en gth would be probably four times the mads a conteasion, implicating a number of | welg ht of ooe i f- , t long> ^j , he bu , k of i ' * poli* has been placed in commission. Adiutanl-General Joatah Porter died in New York on Friday night, of apoplexy. Lewis T. Ives. 'a well-known lawyer and artist, of Detroit, died on Friday. Daniel M. Robertson, a wifs murderer, as hanged at New Bedford, Mass., on Friday. The Boston city elections on Tuesday resulted in an overwhelming Republican victory. The marges of cruelty against the official* of the Elmira, N. Y., reformatory have been dismissed. Bunediot A Fowler New York lumber dealers, have assigned. Liabilities, 940,- UtMl ; assets, f'JO.OOO. Samuel C. Sesly. th* New York Shoe and Leather Bank defaulter, Is now in Ludlow street jail in that city. the higher police official*. Hi* story caused an immense sensation, and the investi- gator* warmly congratulated him upon hi* straightforward stand. In the United State* House of Represen- tatives on Thursday Mr. Dingley asked for information as to th* working of the Behring Sea regulation* for the protection of seal life. He believed that the three hundred thousand dollar* of expense an- nually incurred ty the United Stales bene- fit* Canadian sealers alone. OEXULAL. Lat* statistic* show 148,669 more) fe- males than male* in Sweden. 1'rince Hobenlohe, the new German Chancellor, is ill and confined to bed, from a cold. A conflict has arissn between Brazil, the Argent in* Republic and Uruguay on t.ie subject of quarantine. Father Itonza, director of the Vatican observatory, died on Friday of apoplexy, after an audience with the Pope. Unusually sever* and repeated earth* quake shook* have been experienced in Rangoon, British Burmah. Berlin and Vienna, which are foe.- hun- dred and thirty miles apart, are now con- nocted by telephone. A report that Field Marshal Yamagala, commander of the first Japanese army, was dead, is officially declared to be untrue. The Bourse Gazette, of St. Petersburg, says that the new Russian loan of 15,000,- 000 roubles has been subscribed for 40 times over. In Prague there lives a Jewel* named Sali Rudolf who ha* * named her one hundred and fifth year. She is in humble circumstances. It i* reported that the Pope is suffering from catarrhal symptoms, and that he has been forbidden by his physicians to leave his private apartments. Th* King of Italy has conferred the knighthood of the crown of Italy on several members of the Italian colony at Salonica. Six of the new knight* are Jews. The budget for Is:l.Vi was presented to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on Thursday by Signor Sonnmo, Minister of Finance. It sii iws a deficit of seventy million lire. It is expsoteithat the German Socialist Deputies who remained seated in the Kichetag when cheers for the Emperor were called for will lie prosecuted tor lese- majest*. Th* Dunkirk (France) Chamber of Commerce, in response to an appeal from Montreal, ha* decided to do everything possible to establish a direct steamship tin* between France and Canada. A British resident in Pekin sy the feel ing against foreigners is increaaing in bitterneis, aud he feels convinced that whan the Japanese come within sight of the capital every foreigner will lie mas- acred. The Pope i* said to be anxious to bring about a union of the Western Churches, and he intend* drawing together at the Vatican a number of Catholic prelate* of Kngland and America, "in order to confer with them as to the best means of realizing in hopes. The Court of Enquiry held at Aooklsnd, New Zealand, ha* found that the steamer V\ airarapa, which was wracked on Great Barrier island in October, with the loss of more than eighty lives, was lost through the fault of Captain Mclntosh, who was among th* drowned. In an interview on Friday in London, Mr. W H. Perceval, the Agent-Ueneral of New Zealand, said that New Zealand is mo*t anxious for direct steamer and cable communication with Canada, and if the Im- perial Government doe* her share New Zealand will nol be backward. Mr. Walter Pearoe, ths Agent-General o.' Natal, said he thought there were many obstacle* in th* way of carrying oat th* Karl of Jer seys proposals. 4 f oot M aeond wou ,j . pproacn that of the largest crocodile Since the publi- cation of "The Naturalist's Voyage on the Amazon*," an anaconda of 29 feet has been brought to the Natural History Museum at South Kensington. A neighbor of Bate*' in Brazil, nearly lost hi* 10-yrar-old son by the attack of an anaconda. He bad left the boy in his boat while he went to gather fruit, and on hi* return found him encircled by the enake, whoso jaws tbe father seized, and actually tor*) tbsm asunder. Smoky Chimneys. Few things will raise tbe ire of ths housewife or kitchen girl quicker than to b* obliged to burn green wood, or to endure the evils of a emoky chimney. But, he chimney affair should b* easily disposed if. Moet smoky chimneys are not built to the proper height, and it is usually th* kit- lien chimney that fail* to give a proper draft to tbe stove, or discharge th* smoke at th* top In a satisfactory manner. The revolving patented appliance to be attach- ed te the top >: r u n'uys ,1 > nit alwayi [ive satisfaction, and to obtain a proptr IRON CII1M1IY TOP. draught the chimney must often be) ext*nd id to the level of the ridge of the main building. This renders m most cases a structure of brick quite impracticable, tonoe resort must be had to a galvanized iron attachment that any tinsmith will furnish. (See cut). It should set down over one course or layer of bricks. Put it in place some still day, first coating with mortar th* sides of brick to be covered by the hood, that a clo*e joint may be had. If not more than two length* of pipe are ,dded two stays of win stlaohed to the ridge will prove sufficient ; if the distance is greater, use three stays which will hold it securely. In building a bouse guard againat any trouble of this kind by having the chimneys all extend to a* near the same height as possible. HIS ESCAPE MIRACULOUS. B.I Ik, Kir, ll.f. I* Llle. Toronto, Dec. 16 The corner of Young and Richmend SU. was th* scene of a collision at noon to-day between a bicycle rider named Hall and a vehicle. The on- lookers were terrontrioken, when to their surprise the nimble biker was seen mount- on on* of th* prancing steeds, leav iag the cycle to the mercy oi the wneela. Both at Work. Mrs. Stronmnind " Here I'm working night and day for th* advancement of woman, but I'd like to know what use you are in the world." Mr. A" I am working tor the eman- cipation of man." "Ehr'How!" " I am trying to make cotton cheaper." The idsa I What for '" " So that even the poorest man can afford dough to (top his ears with." i