te 2 oe erg Emigrants. We'll not forget you, mother, In the land that's far away ; We'll think of you, dear, at your work, And bless you when we pray. * Look chorily, that your smile may be Before us, vight and day, On our long journey oer the sea, To the laud that's far away. y those sobs of woe ; nooth thine hair so gray ; wring my heart to see thee so, the land that's far away. 'Ii tend the white rose, mother! On-our little Nelly's grave ; [ cannot help these foolish tears, And yet Lm very brave; And you'll take care of 'Yom's dog, poor thing ! And Nelly'sskylarktoo, And think when'er you hear him sing, He sings of us to you. Way, look calmly, do, _ Mother, mother, pray; »w will £ dare to dream of you, In the land that's far away ? ell write so often, mitt ! And father--h6 canread ; And you'll get some neighbor to write tous, > say it you're in need, And tell ws how you bear the cold-- If father's lameness mends ; Dear heart, he's not so very old; Aud God will bring you friends. Oh! this parting pain! Mother, darling, pray, Let me seo you smile again, Before I go away. * We'll save our earnings, mother, And help you're failing years ; _ And some day come back to you, love, ee kiss away your tears. "Who knows but we may send for you ? You'll live to see that day ; Oh! mother, darling bear it through, While we aro far away. Stay those sobs of woe! Smooth thine hair so gray; Twill wring my heart to leave thee so, In the land that's far away. From the Free Missionary. What is Slavery? We commend the following extracts from a Jate speech of Judge 8, C. Stevens to our readers. He has given a perfectly just de- finition of American slayery, and we hope eyery reader will consider whether a church which sanctions such a system through its communion and fellowship, ought not to be forsaken. "The question then is, what is a slave ? 1. An American slave is a human bein who is by wicked and unlawful force, against his will, reduced to a state of civil death, and is considered, held, and treated 'as property, as merchandise, and as a brute beast. 2. A human being who, by the like sinful and unlawful means, and against his will, is deprived of a name, and deprived of the right of belonging to any nation, tribe, kin- dred, family, or people. 3, A human being who, by like sinful and unlawful means, and against his will, is ren- dered incapable of having a husband, » wife, a father, a mother, a child, 2 brother, a sister, any other relation more than a brute has. 4 A human boing, that, by like sinful and unlawful means, and against his will}is own- ed by another human being, as absolute pro- perty, aul as he owns a horse, or a hog, _ And, if'a farther, he'does not own his child, is not known as a father of a child, and Hasuo family name that his child can bear, auy more than the farther of a colt or a pig. Aad, if a mother, her child is not hers; it be- longs to hor owner, and he takes it, and dis- poses of it, when and how he pleases. And as soon as she ceases to feed it at her breast, she has no more right control over it. She is precisely held, yiewed and treated as the mother of a colt or calf is, so far as her child is concerned. 5, A human being who, by like unlawful and sinful force, and against his will, is ren- dered incapable of holding, owning, or pos- seasing, as owner, duy species of property whatever. His whole time, his whole services, and all the proceeds of his labor belong to * his owner. Not a momont of time belongs to him; his whole time belongs to his owner. ® Ho cannot have a will or a judgment to ex- ercise about anything : his will and his judge- moet arg.in the exclusive control of his owner. [He has no heirs, nor is he heir to eny person, and, therefore, nothing can de Acendto him. He cannot make a will and is, poets im all things reduced to a brute yeast. 6. A haman being who, by unlawful and sinful moans, is rendered incapable of making ® ©onurei--eanngt even make a mariage evjtrach mor can he perform a contract, and '-reioro cannot be bound by a contract, any more thu a horse can make or be bound by soantaGt, : 7. In law and among men thero aro two species of persons. that is real persons, hu- 7/9 oeings, and artifical persons, corporate » ces. Persons, and persons only, can con- » | sad be contracted with, sue and be sued or in and in chancery. A slave can neither contract nor be contracted with sue nor he sued. 'This most clearly shows that they 69) ee to brute beasts and are not per- . A buman being, who by like unlawfal aod sinfal means, and against his will, is aivipt of all right of self-defence, and who exmot appeal to any tribunal or person in chureh or state, for the redress of any griey- {nce or abuse whateyer. Any free person iiay whip, wound, beat, bruse, maim, or minele him at pleasure, and when and where they please, and the slave has no redress whotever. He dara not resist the abuse, for iL js death, by slavelaws, for 'a slave to re- wit a ieee person The owner of aslave that is thus whipped, bruised, maimed, abused, or mangled may sue the person that did it for injury done to his property, as he could do if it had beon a horse thus beaten, but the slave has no re- dregs any more than a horse would have re- ress. 9. A human being who by like unlawful and sinful means, and against his will, can be seized and sold by execution, descends to heirs, may be mortaged, may be disposed of by will, may be inyentoried and sold by ad- ministrators or executors. 10. A human being who, by sinful and un- lawful means, and against his will, is reduced to a subjection by which he can know no law or rule of conduct but the arbitrary will, whim, and caprice of owner, and is bound tolabor to the extent of his power for his owner while his life lasts. He does not own his own life, but is at all times subject to be killed by his master, and can receive no pay or reward for his services. 11, A human being who by like unlawful and sinful means, is kept as ignorant as a beast, so that he may not know his own rights. And is whipped and abused at the will of his owner, is fed or starved, clothed or goes na- ked, at the will of the owner. 12. A human being who, by like unlawful and sinful means, and against his will, is compelled, by the force of his ignorance and nature, to live in the sin of fornication, lewduess, licentiousness, incest a and liber- tinism. The intercourse, upon the large plantations, is as the intercourse of beasts, They have no knowledge of brother or sister or father or mother, the children of all being brought up together in the huts called nur- series, separate and apart from the laborers, without any information who mother or father, or sister, or brother is. . 13. Slavery is hereditary and descends like a beast in the female line, and not like a human being in the male line, forever. A Whale Fight. A late Panama paper relates the following singular but authentic story of that, hither- to, peaceful monster the whale, which has, from time immemorial, permitted itself to be captured and slavightered without giving any thing more harmful than blubber in re- tur: ; The ship Ann Alexander, Capt. S. Deb- lois, sailed from New Bedford, Mass., June Ist, 1851, for a cruise in the South Pacific forsperm whale, Having taken about 500 barrels of oilin the Atlantic, the ship pro- ceeded on her voyage to the Pacific. Noth- ing of unusual interest occured until when passing Cape Horn, one of the men, named Jackson Walker, of Newport, N. H. was lost overboard in astorm. Reaching the Pa- cific, she came up the coast and stopped at Valdivia, Coast of Chili, for fresh provisions and on the 81st of March last, she called at Paita, for the purpose of shipping a man. The vessel proceeded on her yoyage to the South Pacitic. On the 20th of August last, she reached what is well known to all whalers as the Oft Shore-Ground, in lat. 5 deg, 50 min. South, lon. 102 dee. West. In the morning of that day, at about 9 o'clock, whales were discovered in the neighborhood, and about noon, thesame day, they succeeded in ma- king fast toone, Two boats had gone after the whales the larbord and starboard--the former commanded by the first mate, and the latter by Captain Deblois. The whale which they had struck, was harpooned by the larboard boat, After runing some time, the whale turned upon the boat, and rushing at it with tremendous violence, lift- ed open its enormous jaws, and taking the boat in, actually crushed it into fragments as small as a common-sized chair! Capt. Deblois immediately pulled for the scene of the disaster with the starboard boat, and succeeded, against all expectations, in rescu- ino the whole of the erew of the boat-- nine in number! There were now eighteen men in the starboard boat, consisting of the captain, the first mate, and the crews of both boats. The frightful disaster had been witnessed from the ship, and the waist-boat was called into readiness and sent to their relief. The distance from the ship was about six miles. As soon as the waist-boat arrived, the crews were di- vided, to make another attack upon him. Accordingly they separated, and proceeded at some distance from each other, as is usual on such oeeasions, after the whale. In a short time they came up to him, and pre- pared to give him battle. The waist-boat, commanded by the first mate. was in ad- vance, Assoon as the whale perceived the demonstration being made upon him, he turned his course, suddenly, and making a tremendous dash at this boat, seized it with his wide-spread jaws, and crushed it into atoms, allowing the men barely time to es cape his vengance, by throwing themselves into the ocean, Capt. Deblois, again seeing the perilous condition of his men, at the risk of meeting the same fate, directed his boat to hasten to their rescue, and in ashort time sueceeded in saving them all from adeath little less hor- rible than that from which they had twice so narrowly escaped. He then ordered the boat to put for the ship as speedily as' possi- ble; and no sooner had the order been giv- en than they discovered the monster of the deep making toward them with his jaws widely extended. Fortunately the monster came up and passed them at a short distance. The boat then made her way to the ship and they all got on board in safety. After reaching the ship,a boat was des- patched for the oars of the demolished borts, and it was determined to pursue the whale with the ship. Assoon as the boat returned with the oars, sail was set, and the ship proceeded after the whale. Ina short time she overlook him, and a lance was thrown into his head. 'The ship passed on by him; and immediately atter they diseoy- ered that the whale was making for the ship. As he came up near her, they hauled to the wind, and sutlered the monster to pass her. After he had fairly passed, they kept otf to overtake and attack him again. When the slip had reached within about fifty rods of him, they discovered that the whale had settled down deep below the surface of the water, and, as it was near sundown, they concluded to give up the pursuit. Capt. Deblois was at this time standing in the night-heads on the larbored bow, with craft in hand, ready to strike the monster a deadly blow should he appear, the ship mov- ing about five knots; when working on the side of the ship, he discovered the whale rushing towards herat the rate of fifteen knots! In an instant, the monster struck the ship with tremendous violence, shaking her from stem to stern! 'She quivered un- der the violence of the shock, as if she had struck upon a rock! Capt. Deblois iinme- diately decended into the forecastle, and there, to his horror, discovered that the monster had struck the ship about two feet from the keel, abreast the foremast, knock- ing a great hole entirely through her bot- tom, through which the water roared, and rushed impetuously! Springing to the deck, he ordered the mate to cut away the anchors and get the cables overboard, to keep the ship fromsinking, as she had a large quantity of pig-iron on board. In doing this the mate succeeded in relieving only one anchor and cable clear, the other having been fastened around the foremast. The ship was then sinking rapidly. The cap- tain went to the cabin, where he found three feet of water; he, however, succeeded in procuring a chronometer, sextant and chart. Reaching the decks, he ordered the boats to be cleared away, and to ge' water and provisions, as the ship was keeling over. He aguin decended to the cabin, but the water was rushing in so rapidly, that he could procure nothing. He came upon deck, ordered all hands into the boats, and was the last himself to leave the ship, which he did by throwing himself into the sea and swimming to the nearest boat! The ship was on her beam-ends, her topgallant yards under water. They then pushed off some distance from the ship, expecting her to sink in a very short time. Upon an exam- ination of the stores they had been»able to save, he discovered that they had only twelve quarts of water, and not a mouthfnl of provisions of any kind! The boats con- tained eleven men each, were leaky, and night coming on; they were obliged to bail them all night to keep them from sinking! Next day, at daylight, they returned to the ship, no one daring to venture on board but the captain, their intention being to cut a- way the masts, and fearful that the moment the masts were cut away the ship would go down. With a single hatchet the captain went on board, cut away the mast, when the ship sighted. The boats then came up, and the men, by the sole aid of spades, cut away thechain cable from: around the foremast, which got the ship nearly on her keel. The men then tied ropes round their bodies, got into the sea, and cut a hole through the decks to get out provisions. They could procure nothing but about five gallons of vinegar and twen- ty pounds of wet bread, The ship threat- ened to sink, and they deemed it imprudent to remain by her longer,so they set sail in their boats and left her. On the 22nd of August, at about five o'- clock: P. M., they had the indescribable joy of discerning a ship in the distance. 'They made signal, and were soon answered, and in a short time they were reached by the good ship Nantucket, of Nantucket. Mass., Capt. Gibbs, who took them all on 'board, clothed and fed them, and extended to them in every way the greatest possible hospitality. Progress or Scrence Durntne 1851.-- Great progress has been imade in meteoro- lowy during the past year. Observations are now recularly taken at anumber of sta- tions in North America, far distant from each other, which are afterwards reduced to tabular form, for purpose of future reference and comparison. A Magnetic and Meteoro- logical Observatory has been completed at. St. Petersburg, which isto be the central point for magnetie and meteorological ob- servations of \the whole Russian Empire to- wards the establishment of a new and uni- versal meridian, Cape Horn has been suggested. It is proposed to establish a Zoological and Botanical Garden in the neigh- hourhood of New York. The sumof $300,- 000 is to be raised, and two hundred acres of land purchased for the object. Mr. Des- pretz has ascertained by a series of experi- ments, that) almost every solid body in nature is capable of fusion and volatilization. M. Ulgren has added another article to the list of supposed "elementary substances," which are now 64 in number. The new substance is called oridiwm. 'The use of the pancreas has been at length discovered. Its juice dissolves fatty substances in the food. Three new planets have been brought to light-- The number of those bodies, as at present known, is 21. Messrs. Bond have discover- 'ed a third ring of the planet Saturn. Western Africa. There are a few philanthropic Americans on the 'coast earnestly endeavoring to change its moral gloom 'into the blessed 'light of Christianity. Their communications to their friends in this country contain, from time to titne, interesting facts, giving us light on yarious points, which we could get no where else. One of these writers says: "I sup- pose this island, Koning, twenty miles up the Gaboon river, was once the centre of the slave-trade for all this region, as there are some relics left. Upon the summit of this island, about two hundred feet above the river, are still remaining four old cannon, that where probably placed here two hun- dred years ago to defend the slave factory against the natives. Standing upon this commanding eminence, 1 could not but re- flect. with sadness upon the cruelty and bloodshed that had probably been perpe- trated here. No wonder that the population is now sparse, since this trade has been -ex- basting, for two centuries or more, tribe af- ter tribe, as they have migrated from the in- terior to the coast." The same writer remarks: "On leaying a town, 'in the bushi,' which I had never visited before, at the close of a preaching service, one of the natives picked my pocket with as much skill as amore civilized thief could have done. I detected him however, and recovered my property." On the subject of African women, another intelligent writer in a late letter says: "Their condition is beyond description deplorable. No one can appreciate it without seeing it. The women are bought and sold, whipped, worked and despised. Unquestionably they become surly, malicious and perverse; and under the detestable system of "polygamy that prevails every where, they are faithless to their husbands whom they torment with their perversity, while they stay with them, and often desert without very good cause. 'They are our most bitter enemies bearing a great dislike to religion; and this they com- municate to their children, Early in life they fill the young mind with tlie most fool- ish and debasing superstitions, and foster, by daily example, the worst passions." What worthy objects of pity to the highly favored daughters of America !-- Boston Traveller. : Satan Between Tuesday week and the following Thursday no less than 200 persons, many of them influential merchants, were forced, at a moments notice to quit Vienna and the Austrian dominions because they were sus- pected of having speculated to raise the price of silver. No excuse was listened to in any case. The direetors of the Midland Great West- ern Railway have made arrangements for the immediate erection of the electric tele- graph wires between Galway and Dublin. Is ir Law or nor?--The State of Lowa has passed a law prohibiting the settlement of free people of color, with a proviso that it shall bein force by publication in the True Democrat, the editor of which paper declares he will not publish it at all. Hence the question--is it law or not? A Vawoasie Isvention --A correspon- dent of the North Bridgwater Gazette, des- cribes an experiment tried on the Boston and Providence railroad track, for the pur- pose of arcertaining if letters can be sent to a distance by means of atmosphere:pressure. To test the practicability of the theory, there was laid, for about one mile, a pipe, through which the paper or papers were to pass. 1 am told that those who have experimented are of opinion that communications can be sent in this manner, from Boston: to New York in four minutes, and that they are quite sure of success. : Powiticat OrrmnpEers.--The interference of Governments with each other, on behalf of political offenders, seems to be the order of the day. England and the United States have exercised their influence with the Sul- tan, in favor of Kossuth. Both Govern- ments are pleading for merey on behalf of their own subjects with Queen Christina; and at Washington they talk of interceding for Smith O'Brien at the Court of St. James. If this be done, we think Victoria may soon have an opportunity of making an appeal, in-return, tothe President A number of persons, who, at most, are guilty of a riot, ave infamously accused of high treason by the U. S. authorities, doubtless because that course is agreeable to the pro-slavery party. Should thay be convicted, it is to be hoped the British Government will return the good offices, which the: American Government is likely to exert for the Irish exile--A/ontreal Herald. New Ootimr ror HEureration.--The Dublin Evening Mail says:--*Dhe Spanish Government haye, we are informed, concee- ded a grant of two hundred and fifty square miles of countryon the banks of the Guad- alquiver, in the province of Andalusia, and Estremaduras, 'containing move than 160,- 000) acres of lands of the richest quality,' to be colonised by Irish settlers, under the following conditions:--Exemption from tax- ation for 25 years; admission of their furni- ture, clothing, and agricultural implements free of duty; privilege for felling timber for building, in the royal forests; power to ap- point their own municipal authorities. The district in question haying been depopulated by the expulsion of the Moors, has never aince been fully oceupred. FRANCE. Louis Napoleon seized: the reigns of Goy- ernment, at Paris, on'the 2nd ult. dissolved the Assembly, declared the city of Paris, in astate of seige, and arrested the leading op- ponents of his measures; appealed to the people by proclamation; restored universal suffrage; demanded an immediate election of President, to hold office for 10 years, and to be supported by a Council of State, and . two Houses of the Legislature. All was : quiet on the 5th, and preparations were ef- fected with consummate skill and secrecy. . Everything was completed before the As- sembly had the least idea of the intention of Louis Napoleon. An entire new Minis- try had been formed at daylight.on: Tuesday morning, the 2d inst., when the President's : proclamation, containing the above orders, were posted throughout the city. Pending - the election, the executive power was to re- main in the hands of the President. The election was to take place.the present month and the President promised to bow. {o the - will of the people. It is certain that M.. Thiers, Changarnier, and others of the op- ponents, had decided to demand his arrest and impeachment on the 2d inst., and were almost in the act of moving in the matter, when they and their principal friends .were arrested and conveyed to Vincenues.. When-.- ever the members of the Assembly attempt- - ed to meet officially they were ordered to dis-.. perse, and if they refused, were arrested.-- Two hundred members had been arrested wp to the last accouuts; many of them have subsequently been.released. All the mem- bers of the opposition were imprisoned. It was stated that three hundred members of the Assembly had declared their adherence to the President. At the sailing of the Baltic, it was re-- ported that the Prince de Joinville had gone to Belgium, to raise the standard of reyolt against Napoleon. The President has put forth a new proclamation, in which he in- vites the people to vote freely, and declaring that if the vote is to be against him, he will resion! "Everything, however," says the correspondent of the London Globe, "indi- eates that he will have a large majority." Many persons blame him for his desire of " restoring the Pantheon to its religious wor- ship, but the general feeling is decidedly in his favor. It is guaranteed that he will up- hold religion, and render the Clergy, who have great influence in the rural districts, , fayorable to his election, The same corre- spondent says that, " another decree, which will produce a good effect for the President, is that in which he placed troops for the sup- - pression of riots on the same footing with. | those serving in campaigns, thus giving in- - creased pay, rations, and years of service. This is one of the most judicious measures, as regards the army, that could be nnagined; and after this act it would be very difficult to shake the devotedness of the army to Na- poleon." M. Thiers has been liberated by the Pre- sident, on account of ill-health; but with the proviso that he leaves the country. The Rue St. Antoine, the spot which has become classic for its Jove of insurection, has remained quiet. - The following proclamation has been ad- dressed by Louis Napoleon to the French. people: Frencumun,--The disturbances are paci- - fied. Whatever be the decision of the peo- ple, society is saved. The first part of my task is accomplished. The appeal I made to the nation to terminate this struggle of" patties was, as I foresaw, attended by no serious risk to the public tranquillity. Why should the people haye risen against me, if T no longer possessed your confidence? If your ideas haye changed, there is no need to. cause precious blood to be spilled; it suf fices to place in the urn a vote, I will always respect the decree of the people, but as long as the nation has not spoken, I will recoil from no effort--from no sacrifiee,. , to baffle the enemies of the Republic. The task, besides, has now become, on one hand, easy. It has been seen how mad it was to contend against an army united and discip- lined, animated by honor and patriotism ; and on the other hand, by the tranquil atti- tude of the people'of Paris, the reprobation with which they stigmatized the insurrection, shows for whom the capital has itself in those popular questions; when insurrection was wont to enlist its reer quickly among workmen, docile to i stigation. Anarchy has this time only been able to meet a profound repugnance for their de~ testable invocations. Thanks be rendered for this to the intelligent and patriotic popu- lace of Paris. Let that population persuade itself more and more that my sole ambition is to secure the repose and prosperity of © France, Let it continue to lend its eoncur- rence to authority, and soon the country will be able to accomplish in quiet the so-- lemn act which is to inaugurate a new era for the Republic. Done at the Palace D'Elysee, December sth, 1851. Lovts Narorzon Bonaparte. Uran.--lIt is understood that the Pree dent has decided to remove Brigham Young: from the Goyernorship of Utah Territory - We apprehend no other course was left to the Executive. His successor, however, will, keg to be well supported, if his authority 1s: be respected. %