AM EEKLY x Tea ! re |W. P, NEWMAN, Eprron. WILLIAM H. DAY, Cor. Zditor. VOLUME II, tr D. SHADD, Publishing Agent. " sELE-RELIANCE IS THE TRUE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE." INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. 'Tamu: 4 ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF. CHATHAM, CANADA WEST, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1855. | NUMBER: 33. PROSPECTUS OP THE." - PROVINCIAL FREEMAN - An d Weekly Advertiser. "The Provincial Freeman will be devoted to Anti- 'Slavery, Emigration, Temperance and General Literature. . The organ of no particular Pouitical Party, it will open its s columns to the views of men of different political opinions, reserving the right, as an independent Journal, of full expression on all questions or projects 'affecting the people ina Pa tical way; and reserving, also, the right to ex- ess emphatic condemnation of all projects, hav- in t their object in a great or remote degree, the: subversion of the principles of the British Constitution, or of British rule in the Provinces Not committed to the views of any religious sect exclusively, it will carefully observe the rights of every sect, at the same time that a reser- vation shall be made in favor of an existing dif- ference of opinion, as to the views or actions of the.sects: beeapessiel ys Pt 3 vice in any and. every conceivable foray: and a | prometer of good morals, it shall be made 'worthy of the patronage of the public. Il. D. SHADD, Publishing Agent. of. whether intended for publication or to on Business, must be addressed, post-paid, a oe Sapp, oo Cc. W. ei | eeeRe ER AA "PRINTING OFFICE, Charity's Brick Buwiidings, King Street East, _ CHATHAM, C. W. THE PROP OPRIETORS OF THE PROVINCIAL FREEMAN Would inform their Friends and the Public, that their © Office i is supplied with all the Requisites for the _. execution of every description of BOO & IOs PALM L Lac, | INCLUDING : PAMPHLETS, BILT, HEADS, CARDS, | __ CIRCULARS, - FUNERAL LETTERS, LABELS, INVITATION CARDS, STEAMBOAT BILLS, STAGE BILLS, CONCERT BILLS, : pa POSTING BILLS, E LAW BLANKS, _HAND BILLS, : BANK CHECQUES, ~. DEEDS. PROMISSORY NOTES, MORTG ee MEMORIALS, oe é&e. OL Gus 'she every Sn. of LETTER-PRESS PRINTING, hi iu the best and handsomest style, with beicided accuracy and despatch. yee PRINTING IN COLORS AND BRONZES. £7} eb 'Business Directory. : "STONE & TURNBULL, CHATHAM CLOTHING HALL; "DEY GOODS, AND | Grocery Establishment, . ALN Gg 2 Lait, v5 ; CHATHAM, Cc. W. "September 6th, 1855. 35 20-t DR. SAMUEL RUSSELL. BOTANIC MEDICINES. RAPID CURES, AND LOW CHARGES! Charity' y's Brick Buildings, next door to the ae of 'eoman" Office, King Street Hast, CHATHAM, C. Ww. "August 20, 1855. | . GEORGE. KERR, | SARWAN MERCHANT, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ' DEALER IN "Hear y and Shelf Hardware, CUTLERY, 62., Gc, Prats Block, Chatham, C. w. | "November 22, 1855. 30-ly _ HENRY LOTT, BAKER "IN THE OLD neAab oitaee KEPT BY : JB. LOTT, he Street. East, Chatham. pact 20, '1855. ar hie MRE Si Be MACDONELL, te gute lag Altorney- -ai-Lane, 'NOTARY PUBLIC, ¢-c., /______, WINDSOR, ©. W. ~ JAMES FORSTER BOULTON, cas Attorney-at-Law, Conveyancer, §C. _ Solicitor §- Master Extraordinar yin Chancery. OFFICE, ON QUEEN. STREET, i NIAGARA, 18-ly 18-ly Se axis FS Sy ae Formerly the Office of the late Chas. L. Hall, Bs _ Niagara, Jan. 1855, 42-ly ANDREW HENDERSON, Auctioneer and Commission Merchant, "No. 32, Yonex Srreer, Toronto. References--Thomas Clarkson, Esq., President of the Board of Trade; John 'Robertson, squire, Messrs. A. Ogilvie & Co.; Messrs. Howard & Fitch; Messrs. D. Crawford '& Co. OHARLES FLETCHER, BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, No. 54, YONGE STREET, TORONTO. British and American Works imported and fur sale at 'the smallest possible adyance upon the pis ae prices. ---«"" "GHARLES MARCH, House, Sign, and Ornamental Painter, Grainer, Glazier, and Paper Hanger, CARVER, GILDER AND GLASS STAINER, .. No. 29, Kine Street West. Mixed 'Paints, Putty, Enamelled and Plain Win- _ dow Glass andLooking Glass, for Sale, at the lowest Cash prices. ~-- 10th cash fae = "PU NOTUAETEY | i . R. BROW N, (LATE OF PEILADELPHIA,) nable Boot and Shoe Maker, iNo, 63, KING STREET WEST. ar work warranted to be done in a superior style. Repairing done with neatness and despatch. tea Feetmeasured on anotomical principles. wl em: Mareh 18th, 1864. eS _D. FARRAR & Co., IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Groceries, Wines, Liyuors, &c., "No. 15, DUNDAS er ReeT, LONDON, C, W. -- Massrs. R. P. & ADAM CROOKS, Barristers-at- Law, ATTORNEYS AND SOLICITORS, _ WELLINGTON STREET, TORONTO. A. B. JONES DEALER IN Groceries and' Cr Sie Ware, No. 313, DUNDAS STREET, LONDON, c Ww. CAYLEY & CAMERON, Barristers, §c¢., §c., Ofice--Cuvnon STREET, nee door i the Goiiri House, TORONTO, WILLIAM CAYLEY, ; MATTHEW CROOKS CAMERON. VANKOUGHNET & BROTHER, Barristers, Attorneys, &c., : Office--Cnoncn STREET, Over " The City Bank" Agency, two doors South of St. Andrew's Church, TORONTO. WILLIAM C. NELL, Copyist, Accountant, Collector, : : AND : iBMsimess @ASSmty ~ REGISTRY FOR HELP, 21, CORNHILL, (Up Stairs,) BOSTON, REFERENCES: Wendell Phillips, Esq. Dr. James W. 'Stone. Samuel E. Sewall, Esq., Lewis Hayden, Joseph Southwick, Esq., William I, Bowditch, Esq., Mr and Mrs. A. B. Alcott, | James Egan, Esq. Francis Jackson, Esq., Joshua B Smith, Robert H. Apthorp, Esq., George Adams, Joseph K. Hayes, Pub. Boston Directory. Sup't Tremont Temple. Boston, November 20th, 1855. 30 MRS. S. WILKINS, BOARDING HOUSB, No. 168, PINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA. November, 1855. 39 DR. DAVID HAWKINS, BOTANICAL PHYSIGIAN, CHATHAM, C. W. December, 8, 1855. 32-ly Poetry. PDI MDALY DAD DPP LS From Zion's Herald. DENNIS M'PHELIM'S LETTER To Dissuade his Bother Pathrick, in Ireland from Emigrating to America. An'so ye're for laving ould Ireland; © Just waif a bit, Pathrick, swate heart! I've a power of the greatest news for ye, As soon as I get a fair start. An' first, there's the voyage ye'll be makin' ; (Its crossing the dape is no play)-- There was none of our lads, save Jim Lakin, But died several deaths by the way. The boxes, and tubs, and old kittles, That Tim stowed so snoogly aboord, Have niver revived from the bating And ixercise that they indured. Och ! had ye seen Dermont's new breeches All drenched in the salt ocean brine, An' his undershirts droppin' their stitches, Ye'd think immigration less fine. Arrah ! nice it is, snug in yer shanty, To spake o' the mountains 0" goold That wait to be had for the askin', An' niver were counted nor toold. But, faith, when ye get to those mountains, Tis nothing but valleys Ve sce, Where a hen Touse would live on starvation, So dry and so empty they be. I've got but one look at the dimonds, An' thin they are clare out o' sight; The praties are sunburnt and rotten, . An' the sound ones are spoilt with the blight. Thin our mate--O, Pathrick, dear jewel! Eaeh separate strand o' the same i Is strong as an ould gobbler's sinews, An' the open-wark steak is a shame! There's plenty of wark, but its diggin' ; For the natives are slinder as laths: If yell show me a railroad thay've levelled, Or one o' these underground paths, That lead through the hearts o' the hill-tops, Where a native the credit desarves | Ot a tithe o' the huge botheration-- [ll work that same job at the halves ! Aw ye come, bring yer. shovel: and pickaxe ; For the whole land 0' ' Erin, swate Isle! | Is less than the overgrown mountain That we now bee got to unpile. Thrue fs ye ! ae thin the quare naeres: Wi legs like a starved mountain goat, Wi' ne'er an oil dhrap in their. bodies, ' Are frightened to death an' we vote ! Iv's a humbug--this same immigration ! At home we are poor--but ye see, In sarving this pert Yankee nation, The sarvants 0' sarvants we be. "As I live, I've declared, in vexation, That were I ouce dead, and in pace, Vd kill myself fraely, if ieillin? Could blot out our nation's disgrace! . 'For why should a son or a daughter O' Ireland, the brave an' the bould, Draw wood, or be hewers o' water, To be paid more in kicks than in goold? Och! an' this is a mane land to die,in! The sinner must shift as hé may: z For the praste, who would gladly anint him, Is oft a.lang journey away. To think o' these heretics: singing And prayin' about ye when dead !: For one, I'm determined while living, To die where the mass shall be said. 'O, Pat! It's yer sowt ye'll be losing ! (Yer goold is safe-lost ere ye start,) And yer clothes and yer flesh will be laving As soon as ye get here, swate heart! So, list-to your own brother's counsel, Aw if yer not started, go back; . 'Or wait--I will burn the "whole letther, And come home and help ye unpack, From the Glasgow Advertiser. Inundations in France. The Constitutionnel has a most. detailed article upon the perpetual recurrence of in- | undations in France; upon the grievous harm done by them to commerce, industry, and, above all, to agriculture; upon the incalcu- lable expenses ppiaued by them; and upon the possibility of preventing them. This year the country will have sadly suffered | from the floods, after having, as we know, so grievously suffered in its, agricultural hopes from other causes. In June, the flooding of the Garonne laid waste whole districts of the most fertile land, and now the dason of the Rhone is Thentened by partial floods, which have already begun to devastate ibe departments upon the Aen bank; whilst the torrential rains that have fallen in the depart- | 'ment of the Hautre Loire cause the most dismal appr ehensions, lest that last-mention- ed treacherous river should overflow its bed. In the face of this constantly menacing state of things Ms Valserres, the clever ae -Lof the article, tells us what may be looked upon as the more or less immediate .causes of the evil, and consequently whence may cume the direct or indirect means of finding for it a cure. Inwndations, it appears, in France, have nearly all the same source; the un-wooding of the plains and low rising grounds, and the un-turfing of the high mountains, from whose tops all forests ae disappeared. As we all know, wooden lands are what is called favourable to rain, and the conditions of moisture contained in forests, pasture lands, and thick grass meadows, at- tract perpetually the atmospheric vapours 'condensed in clouds, which dissolve in rain, and are incessantly, but gently, watering the soil. Where these attractions are wanting, moderate rain is unfrequent, but an anormal quantity of aqueous vapour takes refuge in the upper atmosphere ; and the consequences are storms of all kinds, and torrental rains, the various precursors, in short of inevitable inundation. A curious practical proof of this theory, approved by science, is to be found in the fact that, since the work of re- wooding lands has been carried on in Egypt, the frequent but moderate rains hitherto un- '| known in that country, have made their re- appearance, to the unspeakable surprise of the indigenous population. Now, apropos to the: Rhone, we must see what are the lands which command, as it were, its course, and also what are those which play the same part with regard to the Garonne and the Loire. We find ruling, as may be said, over the latter the Pyrenees, and higher omnia of Auvergne, whilst the former is, dn, fact, the slave of the Gallo-Swiss Alps. A few words will explain: the Gallo-Swiss or Pas- toral Alps, as they are called, are the chief source of food for the sheep flocks of Pro- vence. 'The communes possessing pasture grounds on these summits receive per head of sheep for grazing a price which varies from 50. cents to one frane; and, in~ order to increase their revenues, they let out their land to quadruple the number of animals that it iscapable of nourishing. Before the middle of the season all the herbage is crop- ped, and then, in order not to die of hunger, the flocks begin to devour the roots of the '| grass, thus turning up and laying bare the turf covering of the mountain sides. De- prived of the network of the roots, which served to keep the mould together and com- pact, and trampled to dust by the small sharp foot of the' sheep, the loose soil of course ceases to offer any resistance, and is swept away by the first fall of rain. The next thing which happens is the cracking of the ground, which, instead of absorbing "the atmospheric vapours, yields them first a nar- row nia superficial passage--soon, however a larger, deeper, and more: direct one. Thus torrents are formed, and when comes a heavy shower even, a compact body of. water is precipitated from the heights of the mountains into the plains; where earying with it all it has found upon its way, it covers the labours of cultivation in the fields with gravel, sand, weeds, stones, and what- ever may most embarrass an agriculturist. Nor is this all; the torrent sweeps across the fields and plains, making directly for the Rhone, and raising the level of the river by the suplementary waters it empties into its own. The same thing happens to the Loire and its chief affluent, the Allier. 'The Pyre- nees and the Cevennes are to these rivers what the Alps are to the' Rhone, and the destruction of the pasture erounds by too numerous flocks fathers the fearful inunda- tions which, often from one day to the other, devastate whole provinces of France. The suddenness with which the Loire rises. is something quite extraordinary. In 1846 the official report states the rise to have been in the ratio of 1 metre 20 centim. an hour. At low water the Loire runs at the rate of 32 cubic metres of water a second. In rainy weather, and when it is likely to swell, it runs at the rate of from 8000 to 10,000 cubic metres,--that is, increase of 312 times its volume. Ten millions of francs a year is the average estimate usually made of the damage occasioned to agriculture by these floodings; but, evidently, as Mr, Valserres. observes, this isimmensely too-small an esti- mate, and is based upon the 10 (odd) mil- lions of francs furnished in 1840, by sub- scription and by government, to the victims. The oificial dobuments: on the contrary, give a proof' of damage done to the amount of 72,774,072 franes. In 1846, again, the reparations effected by the state in roads, bridges, dc., cost alone more than 14 mil- lions; so that we see France exposed to what if the costs are averaged, must come at least toa loss of 18 or 20 millions of francs a year, besides the frightful loss of life incur- red, and the incalculable amount of private and often irreparable ruin. At the end of ELE his article of Ive columns, Mr, Valserres says it is a duty to examine into every pos- sible means. of prev enting these constant calamities, and promise 'shortly the explana- tion of his theories upon the matter. _ From the New York Times, News Direct from Russia. Col. Tal. P. Shaffner, who was a passen- ger by the Ad/antic, and has travelled direct from St.Petersburg, has favored us with some interesting information concerning the present Gonaition of Russia, her resources, and the spirit. which animates her people in this, the third year of the war. Col. Shaffner has spent much of his time in Russia, 'and, naturally enough, his predilections are strongly in favor of that power in its contest with the Empires of the West. His account, therefore, will be considered all the more valuable as coming from a purely Russian source, and may be contrasted with the views and reports that from time to time ap- pear in the Anglo French journals. Col. Shaffner has had every facility to investigate the condition of Russia, and his business connection in St. Petersburg has rendered him familiar with the opinions of its inhabi- tants on the war and its incidents. Nor is his knowledge confined to St. Petersburg alone; for he has recently travelled over a large portion of the Empire. With this pre- fice, we publish the information we have acquired from him, in the following form. FINANCIAL CONDITION OF RUSSIA---MONEY PLENTIFUL. Perhaps there are not halfa dozen per- sons in the Russian Empire who, at the pre- sent moment, thoroughly understand its fi- nancial condition ; and a temporary resident, who wishes to discover what effect the war has had upon its resources, can only form an opinion on this subject from what he sees. In' Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other large cities, there is nothing to induce the supposi- tion that the life-blood of the country was being drained by an. exhausting war. Gold and silver continue plentiful, and are freely used in the ordinary transactions of every- day life. A merchant in his store will change a bank-note into coin with as much readiness as he would in the city of New York. Bro- kers charge two per cent, to change notes of large ance into gold, but even this is regarded as an Israclitish transaction. In the grand and luxuri: unt extravagance of the noble, two. years' war has made no sensible difference; in the cottage of the serf, there is yet noappearance of want, no mutterings of complaint. Merchandise and goods have not increased in value; and champagne, to illustrate by example, can be bought in St. Petersburg cheaper than Jersey cider is sold in New York. Copper is the only article has increased in value, and this is attributa- ble to another cause than that of the war. The erection of publie and private buildings goes on; churches are built as usual, and vast sums of money have within a few months been lavished on the additions to the palace of Peterhoff. It may be true that shipping merchants and others connected with foreign trade bave been ruined, but it is also true that the resources of the country are becom- ing more rapidly developed than could have been possible in time of peace ; manufac- tories are springing up throughout the coun- try; and men find in them an occupation, and a recompense for what they have lost. The levies for the war do not injure the commercial and agricultural interests of the country, Of men "there are plenty! of gold there is abundance; and of wheat there is more than enough up the wants of all. The people feel themselves secure within their ter- ritory. They do not fear that its resources will be easily exhausted, and, therefore, they have made up their. minds that there is A LONG, LONG WAR AHEAD. © The Russians seem to admit and believe that France and England are two powerful nations, whose pride is thoroughly engaged in this contest. They, too, are proud. 'hey would never submit any dishonorable treaty. They would never yield one acre of land, or consent to pay the expenses of the war for the sake of peace, and they give their enemy credit for similar determination. Hence the impression prevails that the war will be great- ly prolonged--that years will elapse before it can be brought to a statisfactory termina- tion. To this the Russian people seem to have made up their minds. They trust in the gigantic resources of their country. Its immense extent precludes the idea of a suc- cessful invasion; and prestige goes far to conform this prevailing impression. As in the cases of Napoleon and Charles. XIL., where transitory triumphs at the combienee: ment only insured destruction and disaster at the end--so now, the Russians confidently expect, that, if the Allies attempt to pene- trate their empire, they will certainly meet with ruin and defeat. Pride will never allow them to abandon the Crimea, though its conquest by the Allies would enable tue "Czar to concentrate his forces and multiply his powers of resistance, An example of this peculiar trait in the Russian character may be found in the late attack upon Kinburn at the mouth of the Daeiper. This fortress, which could not even boast of stone fortifi- cations, was mounted with old Turkish guns, whose range did not exceed four hundred yards. Yet, when a powerful fleet of the Allies appeared before it, the garrison, in very obstinacy, held out during two days' bombardment; and when the place was manifestly doomed, the Governor, rather than yield, strove to light the mine, and de- stroy both friend and foe in one common ruin. It is against men who believe them- selves invincible, and who, when beaten, know it not, that the soldiers of France and England are now fighting. The Russian never yields: * in defeat he is more terrible than in success, for in the former case he is trebly nerved by despair, and a thirst for revenge. Pride is the ruling national trait, and that pride calls loudly for a continuance of the war. The religious feeling, which first summoned the' nation tg arms, burns fiercely still, and the principle that the Czar has the richt of protectorate over the Greek subjects of 'the Porte will never be volun- tarily abandoned. THE FOUNDRIES OF ST. PETERSBURG-- GREAT STORES OF IRON. Throughout the whole of the Russian empire a traveller:sees little else than vast preparations going on for the continuance of the war. Within a short distance from St. Petersburg there are three- foundries for cannon. One, in the capital, turns ott sixty brass field pieces of different sizes per week ; and they were all considered complete. in every particular by the American officers who lately visited the place. The Colpin works turn out eighty cannon, and those of Petrozavodsk, [ which are connected by the river navigation with St. Petersburg,] over a hundred every week. 'This 1s exclusive of the immense foundries in Russia south of Moscow. The country around the works of Petrozavodsk is filled with iron, and the labor of extracting it goes on unceasingly. And in this connection, it may be noticed how useless was the order of the British Go- vernment prohibiting the exportation of iron when Russian mines can yield.it in greater quantities than is needed. of St. Petersburg, at this day, iron, belong- ing to private merchants, can be seen in vast quantities, rusting where it stands. THE FALL OF SEBASTOPOL. The news of the fall of Southern Sebas- topol was received in St. Petersburg with- out any usual emotion. It had Jong been expected asa crisis which must sooner or. later take place. This, indeed, very clearly appeared, by the decisive way in which Gortschakoff abandoned the city immediately after the capture of the Malakhoff. 'There are some Russian views in regard to this great assault which are interesting, and show that the people are willing to estimate cor- rectly and fairly the courage and persever- ance of their enemy. Among them is the COMPARATIVE BRAVERY OF AND FRENCH. The Russians say that the British press, and particularly the London Times, has fail- ed to do justice to, the bravery of the English | soldiers at the Redan. Around the Malak- hoff the ground was composed of' soft earth, and the approaches were easily made to its very base. 'The French, therefore, had no distance to traverse, and, consequently, no fire to undergo previous to thein hand to hand contest with the Russians. The space before the Redan was, on the contrary, com- posed of rock, andthe British were unable to make their approaches like the French. At the assault they were, in consequence, exposed for some time to a heavy fire from three tiers of guns, converging at each end 'of the Redan; and yet in the face of this terrible cannonade, they stood their ground for two hours. Russian officers who witness- ed the scene, give greater credit to the British cn this occasion than they do the French, whose success was chiefly owing to the saidooue with which they effected thei object. CONTINUANCE OF RUSSIAN RULE IN THE CRIMEA. To have been able to retain the city of Sebastopol would undoubtedly have gratified the pride of the Russian people, but its loss is not regarded as a misfortune, for it is be- lieved ot Gortschakoff can hold the North Torts against any force that the Allies can bring against him. Tere too, the Russian (sovernment has established a foundry which formerly supplied the Malakhoff with guns as. fast as they were required, and recast the balls that fell in such showers from the allied batter:es. Thus, it will be seen, that Gorts- chakoff, is not more likely to lack war mate- riel now than he was before the fall of the City. As to provisions and supplies for his army, it is perfectly understood that. he is already provided for the ensuing Winter. It has been frequently asserted by the British Press, and has generally been believed, that the waggon communication between the in- terior of Russia and the Crimea is no longer possible. This is said to be incorrect ;-- for, waggons in Summer and sledges in Win- ter, laden with provisions, travel by thou- sands to Perekop, whence they return laden with salt. But be the actual condition of | affairs in the Crimea as it may, the belief prevails among the masses of the Russian people that the peninsula will not fall into the hands of the Allies. The preparations going on now are on an enormous scale. Old cannon are being replaced by new, and, through the exertions of that distinguished Engineer, 'seneral Tottleben, the defences of Nicolaieff (the great arsenal of Southern Russia) have been' rendered completely im- pregnable either against a land or a sea attack. Dreadful Explosion in the Crimea. : Lord Panmure has received the following. telerraphic despatch from General Sir Wil- liam Codrington, dated 16th November:-- A very heavy explosion of a store of pow- der at the French Seige train took place about 3 p.m. yesterday. It communicated fire to our siege train close to it, where there is no powder, but some naval live shells, most of which were removed; but the loss of life and damage done is considevable. The great explosion threw shell over the bamp of our siege train, the huts of the Ist crigade being entirely destroyed, but not by fire. All the officers and men were on the spot at once, and worked with good-will and Within the city. THE BRITISH energy, and I saw all safe when I suned at 7p. Mi. * Killed, Deputy-Assistant Commissary Yel- low, R.A., aad 21 non- conuai yen officers and men. Wounded: Lieut. Dawson, R.A., lost his leg below the knee; Lieut. Roberts, danger- ously in the arm; Lieut. Eccles, and Assistant- Surgeon Reade, 2nd battalion rifle brigade, slightly; 116 non-commisioned officers and men, of whom 47 slightly. The French Minister of War hag received | the following despatch from. Marzhal Pelis- sier, dated Sebastopol, Noy. 16th, p. m. :-- "Our park of artillery, near Inkermann, was yesterday partly destroyed, by the explo- sion of magazines, containing together 30,000 kilogrammes of powder 600,000 cartridges, 300 'charged shells and other projectiles, The ignited materials, hurled to a distance, caused a violent conflagration in the English park next to ours, and there also a partial explo- sion took place. The explosion occurred at four o'clock, and by six o'clock the French and English workmen were masters of the fire. Our lost consists of 30 killed, includ- iné two officers, and some 100 veuaded among whom are 10 officers. loss of our Allies is about the same ag our own. It isa very lamentable accident, but our stores are so considerable, that the re- sources of the army are not inthe slightest degree affected by it." an OO Go Tron Vessels as Men-of-War, Tn one of our notices on the magnificent screw steamer Oneida, built by Messrs, John Scott & Sous of Greenock, we mentioned that she had been constructed of unusual strength, and we learn from the despatch of Lord. George Paget respecting operations against the Russians near Iupatoria, on 22d. October, that this has successfully withstood the most severetest. 'Che Oneida accoin- panied that expedition, and Capt. Hamilton of the Diamond frigate, of 36 guns, having found that his vessel being a sailing one, could not co-operate with the land forces so satisfactorily as he desired, put her guns and men on board of the Ones. from witch he fired.on the flanks and advanced pickets of the enemy.. 'This is the first instance on re- cord of broadsides of heavy artillery being fired from an iron vessel. 'T'wo other screw steamers well known at this port, viz., Messrs G. & J. Burns' Zebra, built by Messrs. Craid & Co., and Messrs. M'Kean & Dae Charity, were employed as " dummy " men- of-war to blockade the mouth of the Bug.-- Greenock Advertiser. The Canadian Fleet. We learn that one of the steamers belong- ing to the Canadain Ocean Steamship Com- pany, the Onedia, has done good service, as a man-of-war, in the Crimea, The fol- lowing extract relates the particulars of the exploit of this fine vessel, which is 'owned cs by Montreal merchants. The Oneida was launched in April last, and designed to run between this port and Liverpool, and has been about six months in the service of the Transport Board. Extract from a lelter from Captain Morton to the Liverpoel Agents of the ship, dated Orr Ba.ax.iava, Oct. 26. " The Oneida had rather a naval exploit on this oceasion. Capt. Baily Hamilton, of H. M. frigate Diamond, boarded us the day the troops went out and asked me asa favour if I would place the Oneida at his disposal to harrass the enemy. I volunteered, he taking | the responsibility. We went alongside the frigate, and took on board from, her four 32-pounder guns with fifty rounds of shot, shells, &c., and hands to work the guns, and away we steamed along theshore. 'he day beautifully fine and the sea as smooth as glass. Keeping as close in.as we could with perfect safety, we were soon in the neighbour- hood of the contending armies. We could distinguish them distinctly with the naked eye from our deck. There was some slight skirmishing, and finally the Allies drove the enemy out of the village and immediately set it on fire. The Russians withdrew. under cover of the smoke. Our heavy guns were brought to bear upon them, which occasion- ed some confusion in thier ranks. Evening coming on we steamed off shore, and anchor- ed inshye fathoms water for the night, about three miles 'from. the beach. The following morning, as soon as the mist cleared off the land, we were surprised to see the enemy drawn up in " battle array," about a mile in front of the allied army. We stood in shore to 5 fathoms water and saw a few shots ex- changed. We again opened fire on the ene- | my with our own 18-pounders, and the 32- pounders from the frigate-- the latter evident-' ly: annoying .them--they soon withdrew: without coming toa general action. 'The Allies returned to Eupatoria, along the beach, the Oneida cov ering their flank on i the march. * Enclosed, I send you a copy of an extract from Cipiain. Hamilton's letter to Admiral: Ereemantle, which speaks favorably of the Oneida." Extract of a letter p 'om Captain Hamilton, Sr- nior Officer, Ewpatoria, to fee A al Chas, H. Freemantle :--- steam-transport in actual service being done, T believe, for the first time and on my own responsibility, I would add that on my sug- gesting the experiment to Capt. Morton, the master of the Oneida, he at once cheerfully volunteered to place os fine ship i in any posi- tion ] thought fit--the whole of the officers. and crew lik kewise volunteering in the same ready manner, and, indeed, working their own | 18-pounders. And 1 think Captain Morton and his company deserve great praise for their conduct. After driving the enemy out of the village of Sale, and destroying it, the allied army "returned this afternoon to Popa: toria.' I believe Age this consistent organ proceeds 'to blow }bered that we lately sug -- i We believe it was Doetor Johnson whe . said that patriotism was generally the last. refuge of a vagabond. 'The old lexicogra- pher, however, when he used the deprecatory © expression, probably attached to his deGnis » tion of the term, the'sham love of country -- which was in vogue in his time. Did Doc- tor Samuel Johnson live in Canada ee he would probably define « independence," in the acceptation of the term by its profess sors, to bea license for abusing government and its individual members. Your men who are violently in opposition, and your journal- : -ists who sail in the same boat, never cease" to jabber of their independence: they prate > so continually of it, indeed, that people are' beginning to be nauseated by this eternal self- " laudation, Mackenzie tried the game first, | and his budget of political and polemical" theories went up in flying style, until its over' inflation led to a natural: 'sequence, and the: contents were nearly instrumental in killing the whilom owner. Since then, however, the independent fragments having been pelted' ® at every successive government, have done ~ much to keep the little gentleman before the » party of his political kidney, i 1§ the personi- fication of everything that is free and disin- terested. Everybody knows what the inde- « pendent: ticket has done for Myr. George Brown; without the steady ability or pati- ence for detail necessary to the legislative assistant, that gentleman 'had cunning enough » to see the most popular course, at Teast for'* him, and vigor suilicient to pursue it, "His: reflection, the Globe, took to the indepen- ; dent tone at the same time, and has done | wonders ever since; it has supported all manners of levelling and fanaticism, catering'? to the prejudices of | the masses.of the penpie, showing a spirit of servility to those whose - favor it asked, and abusive bullying towards | its opponents, whit! would have done credit to the. meanest print of Holywell 'Street. And this, forsooth, the Globe calls indepen- dence. Verily. the World must have becn - the Globe's prototype; their licentiousness -- baar the same similarity as_ the signification of their names ; then let the Taster beware of the same fate. The Hamilton journalist, wlio ambitions | to float his Banner over the G'lobe, makes a pretty good thing of the independent dodge. But the Banner has not the knack of heaping on abuse in the style of his more experienced | Toronto neighbor; the imagery and Bom- bastes Furiosio style i is, Ina great measure, » lost upon his*peculiar class of readers, while at the same time it certainly lets the cat out of the bag, and makes one believe that. the editor had his tongue in his check while he was indulging in his highest flights of poetic fancy. ' - Not a bundred miles. Gan Lerten, oan ever, we have the rarest disciple of the inde~ pendent policy, to be found among all the: Opposition press fry of the country. Thisis the best government we can have, saith the oracle in one paper; we agree also to the manner in which it faces the Opposition music, says the same journal'; the time has not come yet, for us to ascertain ministers? intentions, but, nevertheless, by all' manner, rout the government, and of course, place in" power the Clear inte Straightway, t ministers in his own little penny whistle strain, thinking, poor soul, that his" big brothers having bevome so notorious by their loud thunder: his small beer must ae ee as the genuine staff So long as'a journalist' caters to 'the pre~ judices of its. party, flatters the ultraism ofits ~ supporters, and is careful not to seek any aid from men who have held different views when © different questions were on the tapis, he can get along without endangering his popularity among his patrons. then, 'and, if he be a- Radical, enough, while with a 'Dory, the opposite tac~. tics are equally safe. It is when a journalist -- attempts to lead public opinion, that he - treads upon dangerous ground, and with all due deference to the 'tnonopolisers of the | term, we believe, therein: lies'the real inde. pendence. We hope we shall not be thought egotistical by a reference to alate apt. illus tration of our meaning. mon course of political action, sbauld, in future, be adopted by the'Conservative es pik Moderate Reformers of this district. And when the question was raised, we contended that it would be the interest of the latter to. support the former at the polls, in opposition to the Clear Grits, and thus to maintain the policy which they both mutually professed. _ And in this position we are still firm, without * the least intention of furthering the views of "apy man, but determined to support those" parties whose antecedents go to show them likely to be staunch against a rabid spirit of Clear Gritism. How was our bold proposi- tion for this union met by our cgibeid brethren of the- press? Why one'set up a | shout of " fossil," and spoke of false pre-. tences, &c., while the other bawled out that. we were a Badical: and what not. Oh, what ' | a fine'time to make capital, and tell our party "The arming aad making use of a Niced that we were false to them, and persuade. mee public that the recruiter for a common cause» was a deserter under false colors ! vovacy of) the ministry' S course is, one in- stance, and our strictures upon it in another was alluded to in order to serve the purpose . of our emulous neig hbors, but the fact of - this journal not being i in receipt of one shil- © ling's worth of governmental patronage was And such isthe | siorm which every newspaper may expect © carefully kept out of sight. upon i(é devoted head, when it has the inde~- pendence to judge measures by their own merits, and to recommend the obliteration of past asperities in the advocacy of a mutal policy. That every question before the Allis an even course he can vilify 'the administration for not beitig Grittish -- It will be remem= gested that a com- i Our sa ' BN ag i 4 H i t { SSO a NEO Ser ae as Bie ee ee Be eRe ROR oe SETS Sef Sy tt a pa eae Bw) Rc aT I