~ Coss. Sen 1 cee oil oe a - SAMUEL R. WARD, Editor. ALEX, M'ARTHUR, Cor. Editor. --- " Sclf=sMellance ta the ---- Give Moad to Lndependence." TORONTO, CANADA WEST, 8 ATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1854. eas THE PROVINCIAL FREEMAN Is published every Saturday, atthe Office of the paper, No. 5, City Buildings, King Street. Kast, Toronto, C. W. Terms: "7s. 6d., ($1.50.) per | annum, payable in advance. RATES OF ADVER'TISING, 4 'One square not over 10 lines, onein- £ s. d. ~ sertion, 02" 0 One square, one month, 0: 6-3 hams three months, 012 0 i £ six months, led 6 iM ff one year, 112.6 REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS. The Canadian Contributors are: Rev. JB. Smrra, and Mr. J.J. Cary, of Tor- onto; and A. B. Jones of London. Friends in Chatham, Windsor, Buxton and other places westward, will also correspond; whose names will be announced hereafter, if not objectiona- ble to the parties. Aut. Lerrers, whether intended for publication or on Business, must be addressed, post-paid, to M. A. Suapp; Toronto, C, W. $% + Printed for the Proprietors by JOHN DICK, at the Office "No. 5, City Buildings, King Street East. =---- ---Agricnltural. Clean Culture. It isa fact, that ground, which is -kept from vegetation, will not dry up so much, as that on.whichacrop is grown. 'There are many who doubt this, but if they will make a proper examination, I think their doubts will be removed. Make an experiment: take a piece.of ground in your garden, or elsewhere, where it is free from vegetation, and hoe it every day, or often enongh to keep» all vegetation from starting. Sow another piece adjoining with grass, or some kind of grain. After a drouth of two or three weeks, examine them by digging into them with a shovel or spade. 'The earth of the grass or grain plat will be found dry, like ashes, to two or three inches. Below that it will be found quite moists Or if there isa tree in your field, see if the ground is not much dry- er near it than on similar ground out of the reach of its roots. The fact is, the roots of vegetation bring the moisture from a_ far greater depth than could be done by simple evaporation. Now from all this we deduce the following argument in favor clean culture: this is--a ¢ulture which permits no useless vegetation to grow among cultivated crops: ie of which would be to give the | whole benefit of the moisture and_nutriment.| the advant: o the crop, instead of giving a portion of it to worthless weeds. Inadry time we fre- quently hear farmer say, it will not do to work my corn and potatoes; they need .all the grass and weeds to keep them from dry- ing up. "Now, as we have shown, this is all a mistake ; the grass and weeds make it dry up faster and deeper. But it is alleged that corn has been injured by working or plow- ing in a dry time: we admit that it is. true under the following circumstances: If corn has got too large before it is worked, injury is then done. 'The reason is, the roots are extended and the plow cuts off so large a por- tion of them that there is not enough left to support it and it soon withers. But it is only when the roots have become widely extended, and are torn and mutilated ir the operation of working it, that any such consequences follow. Ifit is worked as it ought to be, while small, no fear of injury need be entertained.-- Rural New Yorker. Kittinc WirE-woRMS BY MEANS OF A correspondent of the Michigan Farmer speaks highly of the practice 'of placing corn cobsin the hill of corn as a preventive of the injuries of wire-worms, as given in the Rural, of April 1st, The worms eat into the cob and leave the young corn alone. The editor has found this reme- dy an excellent one, and suggests that at the time of hoeing, one of the boys gather up the cobs and burn them, wire-worms and_all.-- Tf left in the cob they would wax fat, and in- crease there just as rapidly as they would if left alone altogether. It would be some trouble to stick corn cobs round each hill of corn in a large field, but where wire-worms are destructive, if it prove as certain a pre- ventive of injury as is claimed, it would pay. Dow'r Eat Horse Ravisy Too FReE- Ly.--It is almost hazardous to say anything against a condiment so univerally used and relished as this; but a word of caution is needed. Horse radish is highly stimulating and exploring to the stomach, and this effect is almost always followed by lassitude and weakness. We have met with several cases where persons have ignorantly used this root so freely as to be scarcely able to labour at all. Where it is needed as a medicine, a small quantity. of horse radish is doubtless beneficial. But we are quite sure, from con- siderable observation of its effects upon our- selves and others, that any person using a spoonful or more, at.a meal, will suffer in consequence, although the cause of this suffer- ing may not be perceived, since it produces stimulating effects for the first. hour. or two after eating it --Am. Ag. WASHING SHBEP.--Sheep may be wash- ed toany number, without subjecting the party employed to the unpleasant practice heretofore followed, of standing for hours in a cold stream. 'Take a large hogshead, knock out one head, set in it the water, place a few stones, or two or three bushels of gra- vel in the bottom, so as to sink it, leaving, Say nine inches of the stones above the wa- ter. Then take four stakes 'with hooks on the top ends, and drive them into the bottom _of the stream, so.as to hold. the hogshead | firm ; lay a temporary platform from the bank and get inside the: vessel, and thus you. may. pursue the work in perfect comfort, wetting only the arms, This is a. decided improve~' ment, and should be generally adopted. 4 _{ cold nights. flow Much Pork Will a Bushel of Corn Make ? This I consider an important question, and one that all farmers ought to be able to an- swer. I will answer the question by giving the result of an actual experiment, which is the only way of obtaining information.-- Some years ago I was desirous of obtaining information as to the best and most profitable way of fattening hogs. TI inquired of my neighbors and friends, and found some in fa- vor of close floored pens, and others large dry lots; and as to the amount of opinions were as various as their countenances. I was just beginning to farm, and as I was de- sirous of knowing the best way of fattening hogs, I determined to try the -- different plans, and also how much pork a barrel of corn would make. I madea floored pen and covered in. Weighed three hogs and put them in the pen, I also weighed three of the same size and put them in a dry lot-- average weight 175 Ibs. I fed six. barre's of corn to six hogs. They were forty days eating the corn--with a plenty of salt and water. 'Their average gain was 75 lbs.-- 'The hogs in the lot gained the most. One that was fattened in the lot gained 88 lbs. One in the pen gained 84 lbs.; the other four were not so thrifty. These hogs were about fourteen months old when slaughtered. I put them up the 25th of October. 'There was a good deal of sleet and snow during the month of November, which gave the hogs in the pen an advantage they would not have had if the weather was favorable; they ate the same quantity of grain in the same time. It also shows that one bushel of corn will make 15-lbs. of pork ; and that the six bar- rels of corn made $11,25c. worth of pork, at 24 cts. per lb.; and that the farmer gets 124 cts. for his labor of feeding per bushel, over selling at 25cts. per bushel. Hogs will fatten. faster in September and October, than they will in colder weather. --Ohio Cultivator, } Week's Weather. On Friday evening the 19th,a heavy shower passed over the city, and the weather became cooler. It rained heavy a part. of Saturday, and was rather cool. the thermo- meter on these two days was at about 54 the morning. 'Wind part of the time west and part east. Sunday morning was cool, thermometer 52. 'The trees were in full blossom only during the last week in May. The weather during May has been cool--no frosts for several days prior to the 20th. I }heard a Baltimore Oriole in the trees near my residence on the 18th, a thing of rare occurrence about Toronto. 'This is the most beautiful bird of Canada, and of singular habits. The white wild lillies were out in bloom from the 15th of May to the end of the month. Cold showers of rain occurred several times on Sunday: from the west.-- During the day the thermometer stood at an average of 52; at night it fell to 47, the wind shifting to the northwest. I observed a humming bird sucking the sweets from the yellow flowery currant in my garden on this day, the 21st of May. Monday, sunny, wind northwest, thermometer in the morning in the wind 45. 'The weather was rather cool all day, at night the thermometer stood -at.50.. The ground is still. damp and cool. I saw a whippoorwill in 'the air to-day.-- 'Tuesday sunny, wind west, thermometer 51. ridge above Toronto. (Wednesday 24th, beautiful and sunny, but. cool, wind: north- west, thermometer in the morning after sun- vise, 46. This is cold for the season, the buds are still only about half blown; apple blossoms are only just coming 'out.) 'The weather is pleasant for health and travelling, but too cool for vegetation. Wednesday to- wards noon became warm, the-.thermometer stood at 64 in the middle of the day, 62 at sundown, and 60 at might. The Queen's birthday (the 24th) was a delightful day, the o'clock it rained... Thursday was a lovely warm day, a refreshing rain having occurred: wind northwest, thermometer in the morning 59. At noon this day the thermometer rose a heavy rain fell for an hour--thermometer stood at 3 o'clock 71. Friday sunny and rather windy, wind northwest, thermometer 57, inthe morning.--Son of Temperance. VEGETABLE GARDEN.--The operation of gardening at this season must. depend on the weather and condition of the ground. Seeds not easily injured by frost should be sown, such as peas, beets, parsnips, lettuce, radish seed, onion seed and sets, early carrots, as- paragus seeds for new beds, and plant out two year old roots, cabbage seed, &e. Un- ground for horseradish, and set pieces of old roots in rich soil. Dress rhubarb, and ma- nure thoroughly, if not already done. Give close attention to frames, &c., and cover on Give air on. fine. days. To- mato, pepper and egg plants, which have grown thickly, should be pricked out into other frames. Start Lima beans in sods in- verted, within doors, so as to be ready for planting out for early crops, so soon as the weather is settled. Set out beds of sweet majoram, winter savory, pennyroyal and other perennial herbs sy dividing the roots of old plants. Plant sweet potatoes: in hot beds for sprouting, and cucumbers in frames for foreing. As a general rule in gardening, make deep soil, manure heavily and use plen- ty of seed. Better to, thin out than to. re- sow.--Larm Journal: ie Teqye -wash the tidder and teats with cold water be- 'fore milking, apn Faulk her clean morning and evening. during the day, and one time aslowas 44 in | in the morning. There was a.frost. on the wind shifted to the east, and about nine | to"? in the shades" -On faursday Sens pointed to a broadframed man, stealing along arascally spyling," (Spilzt) said he. cover spinach, parsley, lettuce &c. © Trench' : (To prevent a. cow's failing in 'milk, Taming Horses. In our account of the U. 8. Ag. Society, allusion was made to some successful experi- ments made at the Maryland State Fair, by Mr. Offutt of Lexington, Kentucky, in sub- duing almost "instantly, the most vicious horses. A correspondent having desired fur- ther information upon the subject, we ad- dressed a letter to a gentleman in Maryland, who replies as follows: "Tn reply to your favor of the 11th, I re- gret that I am unable to give you any satis- factory information. Mr. Offutt certainly possesses some wonderful and incomprehen- sible power over horses, but the why or wherefore is to me inexplicable. All I know is that he takes the wildest and most unmanageable animal and compels him to fol- low him about like a dog. He also has a theory relative to breeding animals which he has lately published in a volume, but he will only sell the work to particular persons, and then always with secrecy. He professes to be able to tell the disposition and perform- ances of an animal simply by his formation, and also says he can teach any one to breed any particular points or qualities in an ani- mal by an infallible rule--- Country Gentle- Man. Tur Prospect.--In the country all is bloom. Present appearances indicate that the fruit crop this season will be remarkaby abundant. The blossoms have fallen from the cherry and other stone fruit trees, and the young fruit is beginning to make its appear- ance. 'The delicately tinted apple blossoms form the most pleasing sight of all. Along the line of the Northern Railroad the or- chards, through which the quiet cottages of the farmers shine like pictures, gives the country a gay appearance and makes one feel proud to bea Canadian. The various shades of green of the woods also add to the beauty of the picture--the dark pine and the light green maple forming a pleasing contrast.-- The fall wheat looks healthy ; and the whole face of natureseems cheerful, gay and pros- perous, and bespeaks a teeming» harvest. -- Colonist. ; ai eestbso .»| system of philanthropy. 4Athe wild - Africans themselves. Selections. Condition of Hungary--Excited State of the People. " Our Own Correspondent " of the Dazly News, " sitting under the protection of Izzet Pacha anda Turkish fortress" sends a re- cord of his impressions during a recent tour in Magyar lands. <A portion of his letter is as follows :--* It is only a few months since I travelled in the land of bondage and the land of promise, and neither the banks of the Nile nor the deserts of Syria, can offer a com- parison of slavish tyranny with the present mal-administration of poor, conquered, wrong- ed, bleeding and. wrathful Hungary. In those countries despotism is indeed the law, but the laziness and good nature of the offi- cials, and the readiness to pocket small bribes in some measure saves the inhabitants. But in Hungary there is a watchful dragon, a great goggle-eyed ogre of a police, an organi- zed and vast army of the meanest and most bloodthirsty spies, that never sleep, that con- descend to every trick, to the most dastardly meaness, to the foulest treachery, to the smoothest deceit, in order more securely to entrap their victims. But, fortunately, the attention of the conquered kingdom, Hunga- ry, is fully aroused. One sentiment of hatred, mistrust, of teethgnashing vengeance, of re- solute waiting for the earliest' and smallest opportunity, animates the whole Magyar population. IfI should say that of the six million of Magyars (there are six more of various races) ninety-nine in 100 of all class- es are confirmed in their deep-seated hatred of their oppressors, [ should fall short of the reality. In three months and more, I 'never saw ten except spies and officials, who were otherwise minded. Indeed, many of the officials are with the people. At Pesth T conversed with a master workman, who trusting in my nationality, opened his heart. He said nobody dared to trust any except his tried friends; and presently, he mysteriously in the shadow on the opposite side--* That's "He was once on our side, and has betrayed. hun- dreds to prison and death. He goes into all the hotels. But we all know him now." I cannot help remarking with what aston- ishing quickness the Htungarians detect the presence of the vermin called spies. I have entered a room where two hundred people were assembled, and on the instant, in half a glance, it has been whispered in my ear, "There are two that I wonder to see here ; 'they may be invited suspicion--we must be very careful!" In a smaller company, I have seen one or more leave the room. On asking why 1--"There is one more than en- ough in that room." Inthe country I was at a gentleman's house; two days after I left anduin his absence, the house was searched. Tt is common fora Hungarian nobleleman, of the first rank and standing, to be ordered upat midnight and go round his own house, holding a light perhaps, or smoking his pipe, in sHppers, while these foreign. gentry turn everything upside down ; open drawers, peep into secretaires, cut open bed clothes, take up the floor, to find papers or proclamations from Kossuth. Meantime, the people gnash their teeth, detest their rulers, name 'their boys Lajos, and wait for the time. Where- ever I saw any one distinguished for natural gifts, ability, education, or patriotism, he or she (for gentle ladies and: highborn dames "are served the same way) was sure to have | -been imprisoned for three months to two or three years. Hundreds sit in hopeless prisons. "Now, see," said the Countess of | we can defy the power of the world. | boldly defend this upon the most enlarged $75 2 TES we , " this is what my neice did (show- ing two statuettes)--this is the angry father- landfand this the weeping patriot. See the hollow eyes. 'The tears are all run out; there are no more tears to shed. My neice, for teaching young girls to love their coun- try, is imprisoned at 790 stairs above the ground." The Policy of the Nebraska Leaders. Pane following pleasant and suggestive article is from the Southern Standard, an Administration paper published at Charles- town, South Carolina. It isa frank, bold statement of the policy of the Administra- tion upon. the Slavery question, which our readers will do well to look at by way of refreshing themselves, It will amply repay perusal : "A general rupture in Europe would force uport us the undisputed sway of the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies, with all their rich and mighty productions -- Guarded by our genius and enterprise, a new world would rise, as it did before under the genius of Columbus. With Cuba and St. Domingo, we could control the produc- tions of the tropics, and with them, the commerce of the world and, with that, the power of the world. Our true policy is to look to Brazil as the next great slave power 'and as the Government that is to direct or license the developement of the country drained by the Amazon. Instead of court- ing England, we should look to Brazil and the West Indies. These two great slave powers now hold more undeveloped territory than any other two Governments, and they ought to guard and strengthen their mutual interests by acting together in strict har- /mony and concert. Considering our vast resourses and the mighty commerce that is about to expand upon the bosom of the two countries, if we act together by treaty we "cannot only preserve domestic servitude, but With firmness and judgement, we can open up the African slave.emigration again to people the noble regions of the tropics. We can It is far better for Look at 3,000,000 inthe United States who have bad the blessinys not only of civilization, but of Christianity. Can any man pretend to say that they would have been better off in the barbarian state of their native wilder- ness; and has not the attempt to suppress by force, this emigration, increased the hor- rors of the 'middle passage' ten-fold? 'The good old Las Casas, in 1519, was the first to advise Spain to import Africans to her colonies, as a substitute for the Indians, who from their peculiar nature, were totally un- suited to bear the labors of Slavery. Ex- perience has shown that this scheme was founded in wise and Christian philanthropy. Millions of the black men, yet unborn, will rise up to bless his benevolent memory. The time is coming when we will boldly defend this emigration before the world. The hy- pocritical cant and whining morality of the latter-day saints will die away before the majesty of commerce, and the power of those vast productions which are to spring from the cultivation and full deyelopment of the mighty tropical regions in our own hem- isphere. If it be mercy to give the grain- growing sections of America to the poor and hungry of Europe, why not open up the tropics to the poor African? The one re- gion is as eminently suited to them as the other is to the white race. There is as much phlanthropy in one as the other. We have been too long governed by psalm- singing schoolmasters from the North. It is time to think for ourselves. The folly commenced in our own Government uniting with Great Britain to declare slave- importing piracy. Piracy is a crime on the high seas, arising under the law of nations, and is as well defined by those laws as murder is at common law. And for two nations to attempt to make that piracy which is not so, under the law of nations, is an absurdity. You might as well declare it burglary, or arsony, or anything else. And we have ever since, by a joint fleet with Great Bri- tain on the coast of Africa, been struggling to enforce this miserable blunder. 'The time will come that all islands and regions suited to African Slavery, between us and two slave powers, in some shape or other, either by treaty or actual possession of the one Government or the other. And the statesman who closes his eyes to these results has buta very small view of the great ques- tions and interests that are looming up in the future. In a few years, there will be no investment for the two hundred inillions, in the annual increase of gold on a large scale, so profitable and so necessary as the deve- lopement and cultivation of the tropical regions now slumbering in rank and wild luxurianee. If the slaveholding race in these States are but true to themselves they have a great destiny before them." The propositions being set forth are, in brief : : 1. To take Cuba. 2. 'To conquer St. Domingo and reduce its inhabitants to slavery. 3. To unite with Brazil and perform the same conquering and enslaving process on all the other West India Islands. 4. 'To enter into an alliance with Brazil for the establishment and fortification of sla- very throughout South and North America. 5. For this object to develop the Ama- zon country and take possession of the Gulph of Mexico and all the adjacent. tropical re- gions. : 6. 'To re-open the African slave trade. 7. 'Po boldly defend this scheme upon the "most enlarged system of philanthropy." Such is the programme of the future pro- Brazil, will fall under the control of those. ceedings under the new Nebraska dispensa- tion. We trust the reader has carefully perused it, as_ stated by our Southern con- temporary in the above extract. It is seldom he will find more of what is called "letting the cat out of the bag" in the same compass. Let him not turn away doubting or distrust- ing the correctness of this. representation in regard to the designs of the Nebraska dynasty. He may depend upon it, that what is here |. shadowed forth is no dream, and. no vagary. It is a faithful picture of what is the fixed and determined policy of the Nebraska leaders. The conception of this futyre, we happen to know, is distinct and vivid among the champions of the new dispensation, and they are firmly bent upon its regular and systematic accomplishment. The Nebraska bill is but the first, and as it has been here- tofore regarded, easy step in this comprehen- sive plan of Africanizing, the whole of the American hemisphere, and establishing Sla- very upon what its advocates regard as an impregnable basis.-- Tribune. Cura--Tue Reason.-- While Northern deceivers are seeking to delude the people as to the real object for which Cuba is sought, and to obtain which the Cabinet mean to pick a quarrel with Spain if it can, the Rich- mond Enquirer throws off all disguise and avows the real policy of the South. Will the people permit this: plot to be carried out 2 It says :-- ; "Our views of the policy of this measure as, of every other, is determined by the para- mount and controlling consideration of South- ern interesis. It is because we regard the acquisitions of Cuba as essential to the stabili- ty of the system of slavery, and to the just as- cendency of the South, that we consent to fore- go our habitual repugnance to political changes, and to advocate a measure 6f such vast and in some respects, uncertain conse- quences, * * "* We must re-enforce the powers of slavery as an element of political control, and this can only be done by the an- nexation of Cuba. In no other direction is there a chance for the aggrandizement of slavery. The intrigues of Great Britain for the abolition of slavery in that island, are pursued witha zeal and an energy which cannot fail of success waless the United States interfere to prevent such a consummation." Free Cusa.--We presume it is under- stood at Washington that. the Filibuster preparations for the imvasion and conquest of Cuba were never more active and formi- dable than they now are, and that Slidell's move in Congress for a repeal or suspen- sion of the neutrality laws, so far as they restrain our citizens from fitting out or em- barking in military expeditions against, Spain or the dependencies, was a part of the game. Were that repeal effected, Cuba would not remain in Spanish hands three months longer. The Fillibusters feel sure of the profound sympathy of the great body of the Cuban Creoles, but they will never more run their necks into@ noose by relying on the active aid of those prudent patriots, as they did in the expedition which proved so disastrous to Crittenden, Pragay and their, compatri- ots. 'They now understand that the Creoles will help them whenever they are able to do without help, and not before. Hence they are collecting arms, munitions, money, vessels, &c., on a scale and with a secrecy and caution unknown to their former opera- tions. They will not moye until they fecl confident of their power to meet and beat all the Spanish troops in the " ever faithful' Island in a pitched battle, with the advantage of position against them. Yet they will probably be afloat within a few weeks, And if the telegraph should an- nounce that Gen. John A. Quitman (ex- GovernorMississippi) is at the head of the of invading force, our readers may under- stand that they go in to win--wWN. Y. Tribune. NEBRASKA ONCE MORE.--We place little confidence in Congress for the cause of freedom and humanity. 'T'he people must take up the question and settle it. Let as- sociations be formed to buy up the ter- ritory ; let a bounty be offered for free emi- eration; let the free and hardy Germans, and the generous and thrifty sons of New England and the West, be encouraged to go and occupy the soil; let Christians un- dertake the colonizing of Nebraska as a religious duty ; let them go with the press, the school, the Bible, the church, and in their " squatter sovereignty," without inter- vention from the general government, for- ever forbid the introduction of slavery upon that soil. 'The great contest for freedom must be, not upon the floor of Congress, but upon the soil of Nebraska itself--and_ the men of talent must be there to wage it, back- ed by the wealth, the talent and the moral power of the North. ; If Slavery triumphs in Nebraska, within ten years it will be legalized in New York --Southern men will. demand that they shall bring their " property " with them to the Springs and the Falls, or they won't stay in the Union! A temporizing Legislature and Castle-Garden merchants will concede the demand. The Journal of Commerce and the Aerald will argue for it as essential to the very existence of the nation, and to the highest development of Christianity. Then our Fifth-avenue parvenue will insist that such a privilege should not be confined 'selves of the annoyance of independent Irish servants and. of saucy free negroes, by hav- ing their own negroes held under the law. 'The spirit and the machinations that carry slavery into Nebraska will ¢o this before our eyes, and in our time, And thus the unless adverse circumstances shall intervene | to their Southern guests, and will rid them-, crime will grow till God's time of retribu- tion comes in anarchy and blood. Chris- tians, freemen, avert it now!--N: Y. Inde- pendent. Alcohol and the Constitution of Man. This is the title of a small and recent work aiming " to bring science to bear upon _the prohibitory movement. It is not a new essay, moralizing over the evils of intem- perance, the very idea of which may be wearisome; but isa scientific argument framed to show the physiological and there- the human constitution. It affords, there- fore, a new kind of interest, and is well cal- culated to arouse dormant energy, and in this way contribute to call forth the action which is necessary at this juncture to carry out one of the grandest reforms of the day--the legal prohibition of selling liquor to drink. The author also discusses the relations of the government to society, in reference to those who drink, and here presents cogent reasons for efficient legislative action. 'The following is an extract : The Engineer who steps from his loco- motive to the refreshment room, to procure a draught of brandy, goes back a changed man. He may return with as firm a tread and as erect a mien as he went, nevertheless he is no longer the man he was. The train | has virtually changed engineers. Indeed, between the engineer without the brandy and him with it, there may be a far greater difference than between two different men. His brandied blood whirls. through the sys- tem with unnatural speed. It stimulates him. Literally stimulus signifies a goad. So that the brandy goads, pricks or spurs the organism into excitement; brain -and thoughts. partake of the stimulation--are quickened, as the blood flies faster and the | brain thinks faster, so he is altogether a " faster man," and will be very likely to run" a faster train ; and there are a thousand con- tingencies in which the destruction of the train and a score of lives, might be account- ed for by this difference' in the mental con- dition of the engineer. 'The general use of steam power in society, by momentarily sus- human beings upon coolness of 'head, élear-. ness of eye, arid steadiness of hand, has added to this subject an element of alarming interest." -- Wesleyan. SOUTHERNERS AT THE Nortu.--The Limes hears from a very creditable source, that some Southerners are already looking out for Northern Summer residences. It thinks that if the thing is once started, it. must be-: come popular ; that a house on the Hudson or Connecticut, in the Highlands, or on the sea-shore, will be preferable for families, to a sojourn at any of the fashionable Springs ; and that a great many people would buy a home for Summer 'life at the North, and transfer all their families, if it could be done within the bounds of reasonable economy. -- This movement, should it prove to be one of any extent, on the part of the slavehold- ers, will at once lead to the struggle for the legalization of Slavery on Northern' soil. Our Southern nabobs would, no doubt, pre- fer to bring their household slaves with them when they come North to pass the summer, 'I'his may be the next issue with the Slave Power, unless the annexation of Cuba should come first. There is no possi- bility of erecting any effectual barrier against the encroachments of this fell Power while the North remains in the Union. This truth is beginning to be scen and felt by many who, until now, regarded it as the wildest fanaticism.-- A. iS. Standard. Mircuet AND THz CaTHo.tic PRruss. --The Shepherd of the Valley, the Austro- Jesuit organ of St. Louis, thus backs up John Mitchel's fervent aspiration for a plantation of fat negroes in Alabama: "Mr. Mitchel has been attacked where he is invulnerable ; we wish to God that all his opponents had his hardy honesty in little things. Mr. Mitchel does not condemn Negro Slavery. Mr. Mitchel is right ; nei- ther does the Church condemn it; for you and I may hold a hundred negro slaves (for my part, I wish, with Mr. Mitchel, I had them)--we may hold a hundred slaves, and go to communion to-morrow without freeing one of them ; and the Church admits 'to her sacraments no one guilty of practices which she -condemns. Why should a Catholic jonrnalist in the North ery out against Mr. Mitchel for his? Because Slavery is un- popular in the North. It is not fair." . It strikes us that Mr. Mitchel, in view of the strange company into which, fora Red iepublican and General Revolutionist, lis aspiration aforesaid has brought him, must be forcibly reminded of that fearfully graphic passage in Isaiah, (xiv. 9, 10) wherein tlie mighty autocrat of Babylon is told that "Hell from béneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming; it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones of the the earth: it hath raised from their thrones all the kings of the nations. "All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? Art thou become like unto us ?" -- Wesleyan. Criosu or raz Newsrunswick Lretsia- ruru.--On the 15th inst., the Legislature of New Brunswick was closed with the follow- ing speech by the Lieut. Governor. "You have brought to a close the busi- ness of this Session, and I thank you for your exertion. - I trust that the consolidation and revisal of the Provincial Statutes may prove advantageous to the Country, and the law, sanctioned: in the present Session may afford satisfaction. The subjects of King's College, and the Audit Office will not fail to receive the considerations of my- fore necessary antagonism of alcohol and Canada. pending the fate of numberless thousands of | that. the changes in the administration of self and my Couneil during the Recess, a acknowledge with thanks the Supplies which implies much confidence in me and my ad- visers. I can assure you that every pre- caution shall be taken to insure a proper Resolution, placing at my: disposal the Resources of the Province forthe defence of the Country and the honor of the British Flag. .As_ representatives - of.: the People, you will have the satisfaction of restoring to your Constituents, at a time of general prosperity, the public trust.reposed in you with deep regret that Great Britain has been reluctantly forced into'a War. In the name of the Queen I thank youvery heartily for the expression of your loyalty and at- tachment to the Throne, which I shall not fail to lay before our Gracious Sovereign." Previous to the closing, nearly all the mem- bers gave expression to their sentiments on the occasion, highly approving of the course taken by the Imperial Government; and on motion of Mr. Karle it was unanimously resolved that the whole of the. Provincial Revenues be placed under the.control of the Governor, in case of emergency, Coal or no Coal in Upper. Canada. A Collier, in the Owen Sound Lever writes :-- 5 Ee = I have within two or three years been told by different, persons that it was report-_ ed officially by a geologist. to the govern- ment, that there was no. coal in Upper I have at this moment I am writing lying before me on the table a well marked specimen of that kind of rock, known to all the mineralogists and coal miners as bituminous shale, (not slate clay, the schie- fer-thon of Warren,) a most. extensive -- stratum of which shows itself in.a neighbor- ing township, a fragment of which is in the "specimen in my possession. . When broken up it easily takes fire, blazes up with all the energy, splendor and heat, of the best cannel coal, differing from it only by its larger earthly residum (ashes) after com- bustion; this last being the indurated clay of the shale divested of its nupthas: Ifthe geologist who is said to have. made such a report to the government grounded his opin- ion upon the outcropping and order of certain strata, together with their direction, dip, and other indications; and provided he did not overlook one of the most remarkable _ and important indications in the above lo- eality, viz, the presence of the rock just mentioned, bituminous shale, he would have been probably following the right track to arrive at a just conclusion. This rock has been found overlying almost every | bed of coal that has been worked in Europe even to the depth of several hundred feet. If the gentleman that made the report in question, and supposing that he was both chemist and mineralogist, were fully sensible of the vegetable origin of coal, he must have been aware that naptha is by analysis proved to be one of its chief chemical con- stituents. Now I will ask him, if he admits this, where does he reasonably suppose, the naptha of the bituminous .shale of the neighboring township comes from? The great probability is, that that bituminous shale in our neighborhood is the result of subterraneous fire acting on a coal bed, and forcing its naptha through an overlying bed of coal in which case if the whole of the naptha were expelled from the coal, the coal remaining would be anthracite. Sir Ben, Hall & Gregory Watt were the two first who incontestibly proved by actual experiment, the three physical. differences and their causes between blazing coal and anthracite, and mountain limestone (statu- ary marble.) And afterwards in an exca- vation made through a whin dike in the Giant's Causeway in Ireland; the changes produced by high temperature under great pressure ona bed of coal and mountain limestone' were exact fac-similes of these gentlemen's experiments, illustrating them on the grandest manual scale, and proving in the most incontestible manner, the sound- ness of the reasons that led: to. their experi- ments. The Lever remarks:--We beg leave to 'draw attention to the interesting letter of our correspondent " Collier," in refference to the important question 'is there coal in Upper Canada? We haye seen a large specimen of the shale he refers to, it was brought from the township of Collin- wood, and its inflammable qualities were discovered by a settler there who made his chimney hearth with what he considered to be stone and was astonished to find that it burned all up! AHomrrurusr.--At a aocial meeting at tha honse of a Democratic Senator, in Washingtou | one day last week, some of the company were speaking rather contemptuously of President Pierce. Senato; Seward, who was present, said: eae San ** You are wrong, gentlemen, to speak dia- paragingly of President Pierce; he has done one thing which none of you could have ac- complished." "Ah ! what is that ? was demanded on all sides. "Why," replied Seward, he "hoe given dignity to the administration of John 'l'yler by the contrast of his own." Buiwer's Faitures.-- Perhaps it may encourage young writers if 1 remind them that J was not successful at first in any one line that] attempted. My first attempts at prose composition were refused admittance into a magazine. My first novel was very 'little read, and it is not included in the gener- al collection of my works. My first poetry -- was thought detestable--and my first play very narrowly escaped being damned. you have granted for the Public Service -- e Some portion of these Supplies, relating to Bridges, hes been voted in, a, form which -- outlay of the public funds. I feel confident _ tl:at Her Most Gracious Majesty. will highly value the loyal feeling which dictated your -- at a time of depression. You hayeallheard ar Cae tens ene eas