SOA ARNE PERL ie $6 Scll-Melance ts the wD Give Woad to Lndependence. | sive news Ce Bai 32452 gi AGE S554 SAMUEL R. WARD, Editor. ALEX, M'ARTHUR, Cor. Editor. SE TORONTO, CANADA WEST, SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1854. WHE PROVINCIAL FREEMAN -- Is published every Saturday, at the Office of the paper; No. 5, City Buildings, King Street East, _ Toronto, GC. W. Terms: 7s. 6d., ($1.50.) per annum, payable in advance. = RATES OF ADVERTISING. Dne square not over 10 lines, onein- £ s, d. sertion, 0-2 0 One square, one month, 0°65.3 us ee three months, 0.12 0 e a six months, be 0.0 ce 6¢ 1 12 6 one year, REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS. - The Canadian Contributors are: Rev. J.B. Smiru, and Mr. J.J. Carey, of Tor-: onto; and A. B. Jones of London. Friends in Chatham, Windsor, Buxton and other places westward, will also correspond; whose names will be announced hereafter, if not objectiona- ble to the parties. Aut Lerrers, whether intended for publication or on Business, must, during the absence of the Editor, be addressed, post-paid, to M. A. Suapp, Toronto, C.W. Printed for the Proprietors by JOHN D{OCK, at the Office No. 5, City Buildings, King Street East. = Agricultural. Homestead of the Thrifty Farmer. What an attractive home it is! What an air of neatness and comfort pervades the buildings; every board is tight, and every door swings true in its place. No broken windows or dangling gates, no old pots or pans, no old carts and wheels, mar the gene- ral appearance of order which prevails. What an animated scene the foregrouud presents! How stout and sleek are the hor- ses--how vigorous the men--how appropri- ate the implements they are using! Children reared and educated in such a home, will carry out influences with them to make the world a better and a happier one. And "then, to adopt the language of the Pennsyl- vania Farm Journal, the provident and thrifty farmer has three rules for regulating his business, which he observes himself and forees on those around him, viz., to do everything in the right time, convey every- thing to its proper use, and put everything | in its proper place. © He buys only the improved breeds of cat- tle, horses, sheep and swine, and keeps no more than he can keep well either in summer or winter. - He always drives on his work, and never lets his work drive him. His animals are never under fed or over _ worked. a His out-houses, wood-shed, poultry-house, pig-pen, wagon-house, spring-house, and corn- erib, are nicely white-washed or painted on the outside, and kept clean and neat within. He has a tool-house, and a.place for every tool in it, which may be wanted for any or- dinary farm purposes, such as mending imple- ments, making axe, or hoe, or fork handles, &c., and also for stowing carefully away, | such truck as will not be wanted for another season. ~ _ He has sheds round his barn-yard, to pro- tect his cattle from the weather, and warm, well-ventilated stables for his cows and young stock, and also a cellar or shed, to protect his manure heap. Hevhas leaves or other refuse vegetable matter, together with soil from his headlands, convenient to his barn-yard, to compost with his manure heap, through the winter. He does not allow the liquid manure to escape into the nearest stream, a quarter or half a mile from his barn-yard. | 'His barn, and sheds, and dwellings are all supplied with good spouting. His fences are always in good order, and material for repairing or renewal, are collec- ted and made during winter. His wood shed is supplied with wood, cut in August, always one year ahead. His wife never scolds, because she never has occasion to. Her cellar and pantry are always supplied with the needful raw material, which she works up into a palatable form, to fill up va- cuums at meal times. Heavy bread, cold buckwheat cakes, and _ rancid butter are novelties which her gnde- man and the children have heard tell of by some of the neighbors, but have never seen. When a friend or two calls to lodge, a plate of good ripe Rambo apples, a pitcher of milk, and a dish of boiled chestnuts, are brought for discussion around the stove of an evening. He considers it a duty to promote the circulation of agricultural papers, and has saved himself some hundreds of dollars by following their advice. His crops are always equal, and often better than any in the neighborhood, and are kept clear of weeds. He watches ,the markets, and sells his crops at the highest prices. He makes it a rule always to spend a little ~ Jess than he makes. Himself and wife are both industrious, the children are brought up in the same way, and are not allowed to shoot the birds, smoke cigars or chew tobacco. - fe buys and sells on the cash principle, and thus saves himself from losses and bad debts. He has a large fruit orchard, well supplied _ with every variety of fruit to ripen in succes- sion. He studies the theory as well as the prac- tice of farming, has cleared off the last $100 dollars of mortgage, and is seriously talking of making a bid for his neighbor Sloven's farm, which is up at sherilf's sale. He goes to church on the Sabbath, minds his religious duties, and brings up his children to do the same, lives respected, and dies re- gretted, as a useful man and good christian. --N. E. Farmer. Rev. Mr. Bronson, of Prairie du Chien, - says, that a tea of black ash bark will cure _ the bite of a mad dog, or of poisonous rep- tiles. " ¥ Ni os Md nae weeds after the first season. From the Ohio Cultivator. Experiments in Grasses----Orchard Grass. Mr. Epitors :--I wish to give, through your paper, my experience in raising grasses generally, and orchard grass in particular.-- My farm is composed of a diversity of soils, mostly rolling side-hill land, of a light black soil, the timber of which was mostly sugar maple, white and blue ash, hickory and black walnut ; the high land is of white clay soil, and white oak timber. I bought here in 1826, and commenced on 75 acres, and hay- ing been reared in Kenebec county, in the State of Maine, my farming experience and predilections were mostly in the grass line. : My farm had been run in corn, until al- most entirely run down. I commenced sow- ing timothy and clover, but soon found that clover in this climate, was more cost than profit. Timothy by reaping and saving the seed, and then mowing the bottom for hay, made a good profit. I-then procured one bushel of orchard grass seed, and sowed the same on an acre of land, as an experiment. It took well, and yielded about thirty bushels of seed yearly, for a number of years ; worth, at that time, about two dollars per bushel. I' soon found that the hay and fall and win- ter pasture of the orchard grass, was far su- perior to timothy or clover, or any other grass to my knowledge. JI have continued raising it ever since, and prefer it to any oth er grass on all rich black land. As profits are criterion of economy, I will state that my crop of orchard grass, last sea- son, yielding average of 25 bushels per acre, 'and the bottom being cut for hay after the tops were harvested, have gone one and a half tons of hay per acre. Then in September, one and a half tons of second crop per acre were taken off from a part and the balance pastured. Seed last year sold for $1,15 per bushel ; hay is worth $10 per ton; at the above prices, 25 bushels of seed, and. three tons of hay, amount to $58,75 per acre.-- The tops after the seed has been threshed off, make good feed for young cattle, and with the winter pasture, fully pays all expenses.-- I keep my land in grass about four years out of seven, on an average, but have one field that has been in orchard grass ten years, and yields*as well as ever. = I sow orchard grass seed in the spring with any kind of spring grain; sow after the first harrowing, then cross harrow and roll the same. One bushel, of 14 Ibs. of seed, is re- quired to the acre. If sown in woodland, three-fourths of a bushel is sufficient to the -acre. Wood land ought to be sown in March, and harrowed in. J know by experience, that it will take possession, and make a sod, in the thickest wood land in this country, and keep possession in the ground longer than any other grass--will also take possession and hold it in fence corners, mastering the It starts early in the spring, and the seed matures about the 20th of June. The second crop starts im- mediately after the first is temoved, and may be mowed three times in a wet season. If wanted for winter pasturage, let the second crop remain until December, when it will be knee high and thick, and continue green un- derneath nearly all winter, and will wiater well, one head to the acre. My manner of saving the seed is, to reap if heavy, or cradle if light, bind and shock, immediately. Shock by standing ten sheaves together, and bind a strong double band -around the shock, drawing the heads tightly together ; then mow the bottoms, and remove the hay, taking care not to disturb the shocks, as the seed shells out on the slightest move- ment. Let the shocks remain in the field two or three weeks, then haul into the barn, and store on the threshing floor. Take care to pitch the whole shock on the wagon at one time, to avoid waste of seed. Now, I assure you, that orchard grass is no humbug, and if farmers would substitute it for clover, they would be the gainers. It has more fertilizing qualities than either clo- ver or timothy ; having a strong root, and making a stiff sod, which, when plouhged under, tends to enrich the land, and makes 1t mellow and light for a number of years.-- Like clover, it has an early and late growth, but unlike clover, it does not cause hoven in cattle in the spring, nor slabbers in the fall ; and the second crop keeps green all winter, while clover dies the first frost. It gives no rancid or disagreeable taste to the milk or butter, and horses, cattle, sheep and hogs are more fond of feeding on it than any other grass. a Yours truly, J. MARSTON. Trenton Feb., 1854. Planting Smali Potatoes. - We have given no little attention to this subject for many years, and have settled the matter conclusivly in our own minds, that it does not pay to plant small feed. For fifteen years we planted the same nameless variety on the same soil, and at the end of that time found no deterioration in the quantity or yield, but rather an improvement. We have invariably thrown out from our seed all potatoes less in size than a hen's egg, and also rejected those overgrown, pithy, or ir- regular shaped. In some favorable seasons, and on particu- lar soils, those purchasing and planting the small potatoes that we have rejected, have raised crops equal to or more prolific than our own; but one year with another, we have averaged thirty to fifty per cent. better crops of good potatoes, than our small potato neighbors. What we have have found true in regard to potatoes, we have also, by long practise, proved true in regard to other kinds of seed. Our plumpest and earliest grain have always 'side or the other. been reserved for propagation, and our neigh- bors can testify that our practice has been attended with good results --American Agrt- culturist. Kxep orF THE Grass.--aAll round the walks of our city parks we see posted up in flaming capitals, "Keep off the Grass." We should like to see one of those placards put near every farmer's cattle yard at this season with a little alteration, so that it would read, "keep the cattle off the grass." It is a pretty sure sign of bad management, if animals are seen running over the fields, before the grass isso forward as to: furnish abundance of food. So long as they are kept entirely away from tasting green food, animals will not lose their relish for dry. But let them out for a few hours, or suffer them to crop by the way side as they are driven to and from water, and for hours after they will scarcely touch their dry food. 'Trampling on the field before the ground has become thorougly settled, is very detri- mental to the future growth of grass. The first shoots are tender and are easily killed, while they contain little nourishment compa- red with an equal®weight or bulk of more advanced growth. It is econoinical to pur- chase dry food for a week or two longer, and and let vegetation get a good start before an animal sets foot upon it. Selections. The Anti-Slavery Movement and the Dis- solution of the Union. BY RICHARD HILDRETH, ESQ. It is in vain that Southern oppressors con- sole themselves with ideas of the insignifi- cance of those who make the first assault.-- They may ridicule them as fools, fanatics, women. What ofthat? oes the result of an attack depend upon the prudence or the wisdom of those who have volunteered for the folorn hope?) What matter who or 'what they are, those who rush blindly and devotedly upon the open-mouthed cannon, the levelled bayonets of the enemy? They are but food for powder, and they know it. In every great cause, it is necessary that some should perish. But if the cause be great, for one that falls, ten will be found ambitious to suffer ! It is in vain we at the North cry out, that the contest is unseasonable and premature. It has begun ; it must go on. Grant that over-zealous and fanatical haste has precipi- tated a struggle-which we would gladly have deferred, and slumbering out our own time in quiet, have thrust upon the days of our chil- dren. No matter. In this thing we can- not have our way. 'The trumpet has sound- ed; the bold and unquiet are rushing to the field. We may ery peace, peace,--but there is no peace. Fight we must, upon one The contest is begun al- ready, and will soon become general. In such a struggle, there can be no neutrality. It is time to be choosing under which banner we will stand! To every one at the North, Democracy is to some extent familiar. less viewed it through a deceptive medium, and have seen it only as it has heen reflected by ignorance, or distorted by prejudice ; all, however, have formed some opinion about it, and that opinion is founded upon knowledge either actual or imaginary. But despotism, the despotism of the slave States, is a thing known at the North only by name, and in general. ew have seen it ; fewer still have studied it; and the greater part are totally ignorant of its real character. Before enlisting, it is well to know the cause in which we are. to serve. It is the purpose of the following pages to exhibit the system of social polity established in the Southern States, such as it*is in its opera- tion and effects ; not in particular and acci- dental instances, but generally, and by virtue of those laws of human nature upon which the working of social and political institutions must depend. This inquiry is necessary for our own satis- faction. Without making it, how can we act either reasonably or safely? Here is a question with two sides to it, and one side or the other we must take. How can we choose without knowledge? Despotism may be an excellent thing, well entitled to our warmest support; but how can we know it to be so, without knowing what it is ? Yet are we stopped short in the very threshold of this inquiry, by the threats and execrations of the South. Dare to inquire ; dare look behind the veil that hides our pri- vate doings ; dare question us, or any of our acts, and we dissolve the Union! Such an impertinence is lawful cause of war, and we will wage it! Indeed !--It is necessary, then, to weigh these threats. The Union of the States has been made the occasion and the theme of a great deal of unmeaning declamation. An idea seems to prevail, that excellent a thing es the Union is, the people, ignorant and short-sighted, may sometime take it into their heads to think otherwise ; and therefore it is necessary to create a prejudice in favor of the Union, --a sort of feeling for it like that feeling of loyalty which has often upheld a throne, in spite of the vices and'tyranny of him who sat upon it. Under a democratic government, preju- dices of this sort are not only useless, they are highly mischievous; they are but manacles and fetters put into the hands of the artful and designing, by means of which the people are bound, and shorn, against their interest, and against their judgment. The men who formed the Union were neither better nor wiser than ourselves. Tor certain arguments and reasons in its favour, they formed it; for certain arguments and reasons in its favour, we should sustain it ; ' |favour of the Union? Many have doubt- fot for itself; for in itself, it is neither good nor bad. It may be either, as circumstances rare. What are these reasons and arguments in Briefly these: that the Union serves to protect us agaist ag- gressions from abroad and civil war at home ; that it is the best guarantee of our indepen- dence andseir freedom. But suppose this same Union to be made the pretext for a violent interference with our dearest rights? Suppose that, under pretence of saving the Union, we are depri- ved of the liberty of the press, the liberty of dicussion, the liberty of thought,--nay more, the liberty of feeling, the right of sympathy with those who suffer? Suppose this Union requires to be cemented with blood, and that we are called upon to surrender up the noblest of our sons and daughters to be tortured to death by Southern whips, for the grievous sin of having denounced despotism with the gen- erous emphasis of freedom ? Are we ready to bow thus submissively be- fore the grim and bloody shrine of this politi- cal Moloch? Are we prepared to make these sacrifices? When the thing has changed its nature, what though it still re- tain its former name? 'Though it be called a Union, what is it but a base subjection, a miserable servitude ? Some eighty years ago, we had a Union with Great Britain, a Union that had lasted for near two centuries, a cherished Union, the recollection of which kindled a glow in every American bosom; not .a_ fraternal Union merely, but closer yet, maternal, filial. That connection had many things to re- commend it. It sustained our weakness; it brightened our obscurity ; it made us_par- takers in the renown of Britain, and part and parcel of a great nation. What curses, eighty years ago, would have blighted the parricide, who should have gone about to sever that connection, so dear, so_bene- ficial ! The mother country, not satisfied with the affection of her daughter, sought to abuse her power, and to extort a tribute. But were all the advantages of our Union with Britain to be given up, merely to avoid the payment of a paltry taxon tea? Were all the calamities of civil war to be harzarded, all the miseries of a hostile invasion, intrigues with foreign.powers, and their dangerous in- terference, public debts, standing armies, the risk of anarchy, and of military usurpa- tion ? i Yes, all, said our fathers, all is to be risk- ed, rather than surrender our pecuniary inde- pendence ; rather than become tributary to | a British parliament ; rather than be taxed at | the pleasure of the mother country. A Uni- on upon such terms is a mockery; it is not the Union we have loved and cherished.-- We scorn it, and we spurn it. So our fathers said. And when it is under- taken to deprive us, not of our money,-- which, for the sake of peace, we might be willing to part with,--but of that whose value money cannot, estimate; when it is attempted to shut out from us the atmos- phere, the essential life-breath of liberty; when it is sought to gag our free mouths, to forbid the beating of our free hearts; to subdue us by penal statues into a servile torpidity, and an obsequious silence, shall we hesitate one moment to repel this impu- dent effort of despotism, because, if we refuse to submit, it will endanger the Union ? Perish the Union, let it ten times perish, from the moment it becomes inconsistent with humanity and: with freedom! -Should South Carolina declare that war for which, as she asserts, she has such law- ful cause, and march an army Northward to enforce silence at the point of the bayonet, the sons of those who fought at Lexington and Bunker Hill will perhaps know how to repel the invaders; and those States which furnished soldiers, generals, arms and money to re-conquer Carolina from Cornwallis and Rawdon, will be able, paradyenture, to vin- dicate their own liberties against any force which Carolinian despots may be able to send against them. In this matter let us learn a lesson from these very Carolinians. It is now some twenty years since, that South Carolina considered herself aggrieved, by what she esteemed the usurpations of the federal government. She accused Congress of levying taxes, which the constitution did not authorize. No matter whether the charge were true or false; those who made it, doubtless were sincere. And did they quietly submit to this aggression,rather than endanger the Union by their resistance ?-- Not they. Though denounced at the North as rebels and_ traitors, though coldly looked upon by those States which shared the grievance, and which had promised to assist in the redress;, though unaided and alone, and harrassed too by a large party at home, who threatened, in the event of hostilities, to take sides with the general government, mously dared to ' calculate the value of the Union,' and they concluded, like brave men as they were, that rather than give place to | what they esteemed oppression, rather than be ruled ina manner which no constitution authorized, rather than submit to an usurp- ed authority, it were better to break the Union, and risk a war. The bold are always less in danger than the timid. The strength and resources of South Carolina, compared with those of the remaining States, were but as dust in the balance; yet rather than provoke violent resistance, by an exercise of doubtful author- ity, Congress yielded; the tariff was modified and thé principle of pure and unlimited protection was. totally abandoned... If South Carolina calculated the value of the Union, when it- was only a question of the other, for the South. been written by Lieut. Maury, of Wash- ington. --the South Carolinian leaders magnani-| - tariffs and of taxes, shall we hesitate to cal- y culate its value, when the dearest rights of manhood are in danger? when we are com- manded to submit in silence, and not dare to criticize the despotism that controls us? Let them break the Union, if they choose ; it is a matter wherein they are free to act. But, before: they break it, they will.do well to revise their calculations of its value-- What the Southern States would be if they stood alone; what elements they have with- in themselves of civilization, greatness, safety, strength, and power: what sort of a nation would they form, if isolated, and cut off from intercourse with their Northern neigh- bors is an inquiry which will fiad its proper place hereafter. But there are some more obvious considerations, which our Southern friends will do well deliberately to weigh, before they judge fit to dissolve the confed- eracy, and to break up those constitutional guarantees by which they are now protec- ted. "As sister States, talk as they may of the mischievous intermeddlings of the North, they enjoy privileges and an impunity, they never could expect from a foreign, an of- fended and a hostile nation. Those unhap- py fugitives who had once reached the borders of States then truly free, could never be reclaimed; as between independ- ent nations, the tortures and the death wantonly inflicted upon Northern citizens would no longer be regarded with a care- less unconcern; and how many forays from the frontiers, how many crusades of liberty would there not be undertaken, by men anxious to redeem from slavery, if not their own relatives, those at least whom they re- gard as brothers? These collisions, sooner or later, would inevitably bring on war; and the broad banner of emancipation, with fifty thousand men to back it, once displayed, and gaily flaunting on the Southern breeze, farewell, and forever, to the despotisms of the South!--Despotism in America. From the Portland Inquirer Another Stupendous Plot, Those who expect any further peace with the Slave Power of this country, till it-is forced to yield its usurpations and lay down its arms, are deluded. They dream. They are bats at noon. .When that power was feebler, it was cautious and insidious. But enthroned, its nature and designs come out, . its audacity and malignity appear, and its purpose of absolute supremacy, like Rus- sian despotism in Europe, is no longer: in doubt. . 'There the question is--Resistance, or the subjugation of Europe. Here it is--Re- sistance, or the subjugation of the States. France and England may as well fold their arms, and see the civilization of the contin- ent again buried by a deluge of Northern barbarism, as the Free States longer be silent at the tyranny of the South. The Western Powers there have - negociated, dallied, made compacts and protested, till the difficulty of successful resistance is in- creased tenfold. So it has been here. Tyr- anny is one in nature and in aim. The last hour in both hemispheres has come. The only alternative for liberty in either is to fight, in some form, or be crushed. Our: danger is, that interested toryism will blind the people till resistance is useless. We are led to. these remarks by further developments respecting a stupendous scheme of the Slave Power, to whose inci- pient steps we called attention: some three years ago. We received a pamphlet by some unknown hand, gorgeously written, but. without imprint--not even the name of the printer or place of printing was stated. But the object of the writer was to show the immense natural resources of the valley of the Amazon and its tributaries, and the importance of creating commercial relations between that country and this, and of open- ing it to intelligence and enterprise. But the last part of it was an energetic appeal to the Slave States to lead off with this vast scheme in order to secure an outlet for their surplus slave population, now star- ing them in the. face like doom. If they could but get a foothold in that rich tropt- cal valley, establish slavery there by arrange- ment with Brazil, create a commerce be- tween it and the Southern States, direct and institute lines of steamships, slaves could be transported with convenience, climate and productions were congenial, a great slaveholding empire would arise, for- tifying the system at home, and removing for centuries the only real danger which threatened it. The notice and extracts made of this pamphlet at the time first called attention to the scheme at the North, so far as.we know. Not very long after, another. copy of the publication fell under our notice, but the last part, in reference to slavery, was not there. Jt was an edition for the North: It is said to have Change in Publi> Sentiment. We challenge the curious annals of his- tory for a more striking progressive change in the sentiment of a nation, than that which has taken place in regard to Abolition, pure and simple, in the free States of America. A few years ago, and the name of Abolition- ist was associated with social outlawry ; Southern States put a price on the head of Garrison ; Southern Post Offices opened let- ters and papers; and Committees of North- ern Safety-men burned Abolition journals by | _ the heap; mobs drove the emancipation apostle from Baltimore--burned down a. Liberty-Hall in Philadelphia--shot down Lovejoy for printing and speaking democ- racy--and everywhere persecuted the name, fame and persons of the Apbolitionists. 'Three years ago, a mob headed by Isaiah ton have made Rynders, broke up their meeting at the Tab- ernacle, and fairly pursued them from the| City. 'Two years ago they. could not obtain. here a place to assemble in, and were obliged. to go to Syracuse to hold their Anniversary. | But now all this is changed. hey. are welcomed to one of the largest and hand- somest churches in New York, and for the last two days, their discussions have not only been entirely undisturbed, but have Deen at- tenced by crowded and sympathetic atidien-. ces of the most respectable people. yen conservatism and moderation now. listen without a shock to the bold utterances. of these quondam fanatics.--Such is the effect produced by the conviction which is now gaining complete possession of tlfe public mind at the North, that the South is faithless to its own pledges, and is resolved to extend the area of Slavery at whatever risk. This great change has been wrought by the Ne- braska Bill, and as yet we are only at the beginning. _ Garrison, Phillips, and all their compeers, could not have made so many: Abolitionists and Disunionists in half a cen- tury as Pierce, Douglas, Badger and Clay- Tribune, Execution amon the 'Fillibust Se | a S bei LE not be maintained withont ammunition and -- Arthur. Morrison, one of the victims of whom we speak, had a young and fondly at- tached wife, and.a child five years old, in Il- linois, the place of his birth. He had writ- ten for her to come out, and sent her the' necessary means to do so; -and. about two months since, this devoted woman left her home and friends, with a heart buoyant with nope to meet the object of her love and fealty. fa*< About one month ago, she arrived with her child on our shores, and then for the first time, learned that her husband had been en- ticed to. join the fillibusters: She immedi- ately wrote to him, informing him of her arriyal, and begging him to come to her and abandon his unjustifiable enterprise. Mor- rison received this letter, and instantly set ahout fulfilling his' duties as a' man anda -citizen, by abandoning the camp of. the filli- busters and starting for San Francisco. But he "counted without his host,?» for Mr. Walker immediately dispatched a party in. pursuit, which overtook Morrison near San Diego, and compelled him to return with them. A second letter from his wife soon after reached. him, and the unhappy man determined to leave lower California and return to his family, which needed. his presence,,.at, all. hazards. guia. egsiomA 4 In order to effect: this, Morrison entered into a combination with ten others, to desert at the first opportunity. This determination was carried into execution with as little delay as possible ; but again the emissaries of Mr, Walker tracked the ill-fated refugee, and making him a prisoner returned with him to the camp. Then a court-martial was held ; the self-constituted officers sat in judgment over their y'ctim ; the forms and ceremonies of trial were gone through with, according to the most revised rules, for such cases made and provided; a verdict of guilty is brought in, sentence of death is pronounced unhesitatingly by his superior, and Morrison is shot like a dog, in cold blood, for obeying the first laws of God and man, and refusing any longer to do evil. ; ae Longue cannot, tell; or. any language de- pict the sufferings of that devoted wife and mother, who. now stands on our soil, home- less, friendless, cheerless, far from the scenes of her birth, and. her helpless orphan de; pendant on her for support. 'Such is one of the incidents connected with the fillibuster- ing expedition.--San Francisco Sun. Killing not Murder, | The rich and well born in Kentucky, and in the South, may and do kill their fellow: be- ings, and yet are not guilty of murder! .The Louisville Journal, in attempting to shield itself from public ingignation, for the course it has pursued in the Ward case, says: " We do not think that an instance can be named where a man of social position has ever been hung or sent to the Penitentiary for killing a man in open daylight, though there have been what seem to be very aggra~ vated cases of such killing ; and so far as we know, this is true of the whole South. We doubt if a case can' be named where aman in any Southern State, enjoying high social position, has ever been legally punish- ed for killing in open day, NO MATTER WHAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES." | inal _ What the Journal states is unquestionably true. . But who occupy this safe social po- sition". at the South? Of course the ruling class, the'slaveholders! What thinks the the reader of such a state of society, of such a state of civilization? Where are mission- aries needed to. carry the Gospel ? _What think Northern laborers of having the vast regions of Kansas and Nebraska overrun by sucha civilization? W hat North- ern freeman would wish to locate, where not only labor and the laborer are degraded, but where he may be shot down with impunity by the " ruling class," by men " enjoying high social position," for such, in the slave States are "never legally punished for killing a man IN OPEN DAY, NOMATTER WHAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES !"-- Portage Co. Free Democrat. Baron Rothschild's opinion of the War. We have seen a letter from an emiment gentleman in London to a highly respectable day, a curious bet said to be taken by Baron Rothschild, and which, if true, would seem to intimate that even yet the horrors of war may oD » : z ae oom ay 'shot on the Danube." "So 7 }in the political circles in London. in three months.--Vew York | to the Postmaster-General, has been 'ed, to the office of Secretary tothe Po | fice, Colonel Maberly having obt place at the Board of Audi Bt 'ment in our postal system, which has supplied or t and information, is a greater public im 'ment than 'age was overtaxed, of which others, as | ters and things than books, for which the ex- don Observer. ofa merchant in this city, im which the writer} © states,as a part of the political gossip of the} be averted. "The Barony" he say made a bet that our troops will neve sss taeaah Now is admitted on all hands that Baron Roths- child has vast opportunities of knowine the secret springs that move the political world. Nay, he has the means of controlling them to alarge extent. We think it CGU Ridin Rothschild who once indulged in the proud boast, " I will stop the march of the Russian armies on the Caucasus" and actually threatened to do'so unless the Emperor of Russia complied with some of his stipulatic The money power has been the moving i er of the world in all ages, and more especial- ly isit so in modern times. The millionaire commands the sinews of war; and Baron -- Rothschild we understand, would really be a loser to'an incalculable extent if "the war goes on. He has invested largely én the tn- derstanding that the peace at ih be will not be seriously interrupted, and the present crisis will'be of short duration. It is to his 'interest to make it so; and whenwe con: the immense resources at his disposal, we not but think his opinion must go a far w Even the Emperor of Russia cannot mak great war without credit, and credit cant be obtained without a creditor. Armies can- supplies and capitalists will not advance loans to purchase these sinews of war without the prospect of re-payment. "They will not give their-credit for nothing, even to the Czar of all the Russians, if they believe him eng: ged in a losing cause. Russia is too oor to maintain a great war with its own resources 5 and, failing the requisite supplies from million- aires in other countries, we should not be much surprised to see this 'mighty Russia, as Cobden said, suddenly " crumpled up like a sheet of paper." If Baron Rothschild 'has -- really made the bet above mentioned, which we think not improbable, then we must say that we shall look for an'early peace on any -- terms that Franee and England may choose to dictate. Howevre, in the meantime, mat- ters are looking warlike enough.-- Kent Ad- verliser, tek beet i ~The British Post Office. During the last week an important aet of justice to the public, as well as to, ae ful improver of civil administration, has been rendered in relation to to the postage depart- ment. Sir Rowland Hill, who was Secretary ap pent: s, i) ie Tet) eee Us US ha a motive to general education and increased the bonds of sympathy between families of -- the lowest as well as the highest class' with-. in the United Kite GHEE now to the most remote colonies in every part of | which has quickened and increased r fivefold the intereommunication improve -- has been effected by railway or by steam communication, or, as yet, by the elec- tric telegraph. It is an improvement which. by example, is leading to the introduction 'of the same principles for the benefit of the population of the United States and "the States of Europe. Its influence abroad is seen in postal stamps imitating ours (thou a unequalling the miniature of yar with those of other Sovereigns, and that of F. nk. lin in'the United States. The improvement -- did not consist merely in the idea that~post gaxt as he, complained, but as will be seen fre the evidence in blue-books, and the conflicts with the then postal authorities, it was the result of able elaboration, and the deductio of new administrative principles from fact carefully analyzed. As an instance it wai put forward as a defence of the former rate of postage, which looked reasonably enoug that the charge should vary with the cna of carriage, according to the distance ; bu - Mr. Rowland Hill demonstrated that the ac- tual expense of carriage did not make more ~ than some 37th of a penny upon a deliver in Edinburgh as compared with the expen 5 of delivery in London. 'That he who devise: shall execute, isa maxim for civil administra- tion; but hitherto the practice has been, th not those who devise, but those who declar 4 5 ery gets Fae S3gie et ae sak improvements to be impracticable, and posed, should be intrusted with their execu tion. "At the best the execution of new mea- sures is difficult enough, but to load' net ; with the dead weight of inactive, or merely reluctant action, anda natural readiness to exaggerate difficulties, is a grievous ad to the wear and tear of the mind in the secution of large improvements. - It was d to the public that Mr. Hill should be plac in @ position to have the responsible nope 4 S- h as well as the credit of the execution, of 1 own measure. fad he been so, the publie expectation would have been earlier realize and the revenue sooner restored. It is « to him to state that he has hitherto lost, Ta- ther'than gained, by the labors ge Ree : 'Lo do what he might for the measure, he re- signed the chairmanship of the Brig ton Railway, in which he was succeeded by Mr. Laing, at a salary of £1,500 per annum.-- -- As part of the new postal system, the -- publi are indebted to Mr. Hill for the -develope- ment of the system of money orders and the book postage. It is to to be hoped that the convenience of transmission by post will | extended to very small parcels, and other mat- due He pense and inconveniences of any presel : tolect fianis Ge ee ts y ieee means of conveyunce are prokine Y --Lo ; gered ox ; i iG Sass Sree df gah ied Bini eeeeees, * é sea a. gr ter es Late news from England report the death of 1 'the Hon. Henry Dunn, formerly Receiver General of Upper Canada. He has resided in England the last ten years. a