+A WHY WE CANNOT ALL WEAR D EFFECT OF WORLD-WAR ON SUP- PLY AND DEMAND. -_ British Government Hes Appointed Two Committees to Control the One of the many horrors of the war is the increase in the price of dia- There was a time when dia-| were comparatively cheap; | who could wear broke out their price "declined like the price of almost everything else, but soon it strengthened, and it is said to rule now well above the aver- age of recent years. Just why this is so has been explained by Messrs. As- scher, the largest firm of diamond- cutters and polishers in Amsterdam, which remains the world's headquar- ters for this art. The Messrs. Asscher, it will be remembered, are the firm entrusted with the cutting and polish- ing of the famous Cullinan diamond by King Edward. They explain the are . tcommittees. eget dinkdicld oust tree ow consigned to the | first of tesa These diamonds are sold 'wnder contract to. approved persons, on eondition that they are manufac- tured in Holland, and are not sold to al After being }diamonds exported must be submit- ted. A-very g-- examination is made by this committee to prevent the palming off of diamonds cut from rough- diamonds coming from what was once German South-West Africa, or diamonds not cut in Amsterdam. | This committee does not advise the British Consul to grant a certificate | until it is satisfied beyond all doubt' that the conditions of the contract have been fulfilled. Elaborate pre-! war 'cautions are subsequently taken as to. the sealing and shipment of parcels of diamonds exported ll Great Britain: and the United State: -- REPOPU LATION OF EMPIRE. Interesting Statistics Regerding Pre- | ventable Diseases. + The question is frequently asked: after the present war?" A compari- son of the mortality from all causes in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces , Since the outbreak of war with the | OF GREAT | BRITA ECONOMIC POSITION OF FOES IN A NUTSHELL. -- -- Britain's of Trade. , between Great Britain and Germany, 'her principal enemy, in a nutshell. i iduring the two years of war, i915 |and 5, 16, the trade volume of the United Kingdom amounted to the stu- 'last two years of peace, 1912 and 1913. The enemy admission was made |by the German Imperial Treasurer, | Dr. Helfferich, in the course of the re- cent debate in the Reichstag, and was "How will the nations be repopulated , to the effect that since the war began: th Germany had lost a foreign trade j valued- at £1,150,000,000. Dr. Helffe- j rich's specific statement thus confirms in a remarkable manner our own mo-} terp rise in the price of diamonds chiefly | | mortality from typhoid fever and tu-! dest estimate that Germany's lost by the fact that not so many diamonds are being mined now as before the! war. The desire to find them may be greater than ever, but the skilled la- | berculosis alone in Canada in the' same period, wilt throw some light on le possible -- decd which the popula- | | tion can be res bor is not available, since the great Deaths from typhoid fever and bulk of diamonds are produced in South Africa, and South Africa has now more serious business on hand. Diamonds As An Investment. There is also the fact that sands of people invested in diamonds in the early months*of the war, wher the value appeared to be falling out! of the world's ordinary securities. Es-' pecially was this true of people _of | wealth in the belligerent countries. They considered diamonds to have a universally-recognized value like gold. ' It was re-| Gold, however, was scarce. latively bulky, and could not be so well concealed. Therefore there was n plunge into the diamond market on the part of those who had plenty of thou- | money and realized that the tempor- ary decline in the market offered them a chance not merely to save their wealth, but to increase it. A traveler from Hungary some time ago report- ed that, while there was an abundance of paper money in Budapest, the Jews, numbering about a fourth of the pop- ulation, were buying diamonds with it. In the early days of the war many! German and Austrian buyers visited | Amsterdam: and inves desired to concen- trate and conceal their wealth. American Buying. Then, again, the unprecedented prosperity of the United States tended to boost the prices of diamonds, not alone lecause of the abundance of wealth, but also because some chan- nels through which Americans were wont to diffuse their gold were closed to them. For instance, they tould no longer visit Europe and daze the in- habitants by Das eir extravagance. The United Stat has always been the world's large st purchaser of brilliants, the rose iliamnant Is, which constitute the other chief division by which dia- monds are classified, being chiefly purchased in Europe, and its appetite for the stone and its ability to gratify the appetite have, as remarked, in- creased in the past two years. It i also to be considered that the dia- mond market does not cater exclu- sively to those who desire the stone as an oynament. The industrial uses of the diamond are many and important. There is the glazier's diamond with which everyone is familiar, and it is to be borne in mind that diamonds are used for drilling and sawing blocks of stone, such as granite; for trucing emery and other wheels used for grinding the hardest steel tools, for drilling holes in very hard steel objects, and ia ivasrtie wire for clee- tris lomns. The Eclrian Industry. diamonds are not in such de- e the war, since Europe pare money to pay for vurles and several of the bel- untries have forbidden their The canoes manufac- n vers of Antwerp were Jelyians, with a large proportion of Au strian and Russian Poles and a few i Iisa: outbreak of the sent away by the Bel- t, the majority of pli gg in H itish Govern- In 1915, the Br nient 1 to put a stop to this and two tees we iblished~ in Amsterduim, one 9 control the im- port of reveh'dismends and the other the export of cut diamonds. The ' j Bd | | 6,794, _ speedily flows slowly down hour journey up the river. --f----- tuberculosis in Canada since | the outbreak of war, two and a quarter years, have been.. Deaths from all causes in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces since the outbreak of war, two and a quarter years, have been Therefore, there were 1,584 more deaths from typhoid and tuberculosis in Canada than have occurred among tonnage, actually increased its trade be unfettered to deal with it, not, the Canadian soldiers from all causes 'during the same period. It is worthy of note here that these two diseases attack our race, for the most part, _during the most productive period of life. Again, if we take the following | group of preventable diseases--Ty- phoid fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever, | whooping cough, tuberculosis an measles, to say nothing of our pre-: ventable infant mortality and the mor- tality from the preventable industrial diseases of middle life--the compari- son is even more striking: The deaths from this group of preventable diseases in Can- ada since _ eciaeek of the war have b The fatal cusaniien in the Can- adian Expeditionary Forces in the same period ......... 15,766) "from eat excess of preventable diseases over the causes amongst our soldiers since the! outbreak of war, therefore, has been It must be obvious then that, if we put forth more strenuous efforts in the Dominion and throughout the Empire to prevent this appaling, un- necessary sacrifice of human life from preventable diseases, the Empire will soon be repopulated. ----__--~4-- THE TSIENTANG BORE. Greater Than That at the Head of the Bay of Fundy. of the Tsientang River, which enters Hangchow Bay in China, there is # remarkable bore, greater even than that at the head of the Bay of Fundy, the sixteen-foot bore in the Amazon, or the great bore of the Ganges. At every tide it rushes In the estuary S up the river, dashing most violently against the nerth shore, which is pro- tected for about fifty miles, from Haining to Hangchow, by an embank- ment that was built more than a thou- sand years ago. The bore enters the Tsientang River in the form of a great, foam- ing, thundering wall of water from nineteen to thirty feet high, reaching | even greater heights during high winds or the full moon, and advances, for seventy to eighty miles, diminish- ing as it progresses. The spectacle is most striking. On still nights the ap- prozch of the bore, while it is yet more than a mile away, is heralded by a rear like that of Niagara. <As_ it advances the noise becomes louder, al! vessels flee to sheltered coves in' search of safety, and not even. great steamships dare to face the flood dur- ing its early stages, for it would over- os them or cast them on _ the hore. Finally the threatening tor- rent arrives, leaping forward, milk- white and roaring, with the swiftness | of a galloping horse--a veritable ty- phoon of water. It continues up-, stream until the level of ocean and. river are the same. Then it stops, and the volume of water that came up so' again, The outrushing river with its broad mouth and gradually narrowing banks is really responsible for the pheno- menon. On the seacoast the tide rises thirtéen-feet or so. The outpouring water of the Tsientang acts like a re- ceding undertow, and pushing in un-! . cer the body of the tidewater causes the top of the wave to pple over. More water flows down, ahd the formance is repeated until the great bore is born, and starts on its four- 4 per- Canada produces 85 per cent. of the world's asbestgs supply. | Of course men are not vain, but | just tel] 2 man of 50 that he doesn't look a day over 30, and watah the ef- fect, . 17,350 | nearly trade approximated £1,000,000,000. | | The contrast between the British and German figures is striking and signi- | fieant. On the one hand we are au- ' | thoritatively told that Germany's com- | merce has suffered to the extent. of ; £1,150,000,000; on the other Great Britain's commerce has, in spite ;of the fact that so large a proportion 'of the manhood of the country are --_ g in the cause of the world's reedom; in spite, too, of the ruthless, 15,766 efforts of Germany to destroy British conflict is at an end? shipping and cripple our trade; spite of the high freights and wearda! | total to the no mean extent of £131,-, \ 667,000. |What Great Britain plished. Month by month, the British com-; mercial position, judged by the of-; ficial returns, steadily improves. It is true that, as the late President of the' iBoard of Trade recently admitted, 'German submarines have sunk 2,258,-| 000 tons of British shipping; it is true) | that the high prices of foodstuffs in' |the United Kingdom, and the orders: ifor the regulation of food consump-' } tion suggest more trouble than is: 'really the case; it is true, too, that a lie deal on Great Britain's increas: Hes Accom- ing trade is in respect of imports war materials and raw. products fo pay 4) renga pt of Allies of similar merchandise; pant tal | Tone of these moderating influences | really affect the main fact that where- ; as Germany has completely lost' every fraction of her overseas trade except }, the small amount that is done. by stealth through neutral countries, Great Britain is steadily increasing hers, and, judging by all the indica- tions available, will continue to _in-' 'ereus it. British trade with practical- ily every market in the world, except, of course, enemy countries, is, indeed,' 'rapidly increasing. To Allied coun- , tries in Europe our exports are more ) than double what they were two years ago; to neutral countries in Europe' they have advanced during the same period by 45 per cent.; to India and other British Asia by 25 per cent, over the amount for 1915; to China. and Japan by 44 per cent.; to British Af- rica by 26 per cent.; to Egypt by 48. per cent.; to foreign Africa by 40 per cent.; to British North America. by 87 per cent.; to Argentina by 27! per cent.;, to Brazil by 30 per cent.; to' Commercial Achievement 4 and Germany's Huge Loss =} | A striking fact and an enemy ad- / Mission place the economic position as | The fact referred to, as stated by ;The British Export Gazette, is that -' contest with their great neutral com- Why DAMB: "I du 'ear as there be in Engiand, I du think as they ought to go and order them Opinion. men. London Not? 'und'eds and thousands o' young oom | A Still Greater Industrial Future. What of the future--of-the year upon which we have just entered? The months before us will doubtless iety; but_all indications lenthy point to Great Britein's commercial pro- gress. in every market open to her en- rise; to the steady realization of closer inter-Imperial trade relations; and, above all, to the quiet prepara- tion through her vastly augumented industrial equipment for a full parti- cipation in that longed-for period, when the world, freed from the hor- rors of a war of which no market has not felt the depressing or disturbing ' m expansion such a 'before been realized. nation ca of what is it not capable when the Competition in there will be, keen and strenuous, but our manufacturers and merchants wil as now, handicapped in their one-handed 'petitors. The world wants British goods and British industry, enterprise, ;! 'and perseverance will be fully equal 'to the task of supplying all that is re- quired when the propitious moment 'arrives for the United Kingdom to prove how fully competent her re- sources are'to cope with all the de- ;mands that will be made upon her in- : dustrialists. --fo---------__--- MEETS A SHELL FACE TO FACE : Thrilling Abvwstuve of a British Aviater in France. AWFUL ATROCITIES SEEN BY A WOMAN MASSACRES BY TURKS. Eight Hundred Orphans Weak With Hungar Buried Alive In Trenches. A British aviator who has been fly- f ing in beginning of} Eth Frence-sinee the ,man in the air: I was at an altitud: ; of about six! Seat sevantecn-inck gun while he was! refused to hi and children was brought ARMENIAN LADY WHO ESCAPED ve The Ppa eer that German missionaries | eed the pleas of American! ' m- men and women to intercede jointly | Tessie. ear Wal give cpa gen Te come | with the Turkish authorities in the! If "the British hope of preventing the butchering of of the Special Aid Society of New Jer- n do so much during the war, |thousands of Armenian men, women sey, recently sent in behalf of the so- by Miss ciety, a cheque for $25 to Tessie Mac- --_-- "HELLO GIRL" A HEROINE HOW HER SWIFT THOUGHT AND ACTION SAVED LIVES. te bce ss, a ¢ Men Killed in Canada Car and Foundry Explosion. i Tessie MacNamara was just the hello girl in the Kingsland, New. Jer- sey, U.S.A., plant of the Canadian Car and Foundry pany a few days ago. Nobody paid much pn tion to her. They shouted at her~ the burden-of other people's grouches --just as thousands of hello girls' are doing this very minute. Tessie repens is just as pretty to-day as she was ago not a bit prettier. . She is just as efficient, and not a bit'more so. She the matter-of-fact" sie MacNamara is a national heroine. For three or four thousand men are alive in New Jersey to-day who might have been dead but for Tessie. A few thousand wives might have been struggling to keep tears back if it d not been for Tessie. Several thousand children might be wondering where their fathers were but for Mrs, William Alexander, president Meriam Levonian, an Armenian teach-: Namara "as a slight token of our ap- er, who after three months and a half; | Preciation of the splendid work you "> the United States. {iss Levonian says German officers and soldiers were very friendly with } of danger and suffering managed to, did in remaining at your post." How it Happened. Business was light at the switch- the Turks, and though taking no part board in the Kingsland factory on in the excesses, against the outrages. failed to protest Thursday afternoon, As a result, At 3.41 Tessie was locking out of the January 11th. thousands of men of all ages were Window, wondering how long it was slaughtered, 800 children were buried, going to stay cold. A tiny wisp. of alive, while the women who were not, smoke was curling out from the eaves killed were left to the mergy of the of shed No. 30. Suddenly Tessie real- Turkish soldiery. {ized something was afire there. She The account of how the whole popu-| knew gasoline was stored in shed No. lation of a central Armenian town! 30, and that not ten yards away was where she made her home was wiped! a shed stored with shells filled with out, except a dozen men and their| T.N.T. families, was told by Miss Levonian. Her Escape. Early last October Miss Levonian, ,her sister Araux and her fiance, Misak fied thei managed | was captured last spring by the Rus- sians. On reaching Tiflis they cabl- thousand feet one day, and climbing' a to relatives in New York for money. Later they proceeded by way of Rus-' higher at an easy angle, when one of those big fellows almost at the end of its long flight, came ploughing along in the opposite direction. First, a dark little blur appeared ahead at an | angle of about thirty-five degrees above me. At first it seemed to be , coming at me, and I swerved to the left in an instinctive effort to dodge the threatened blow. Then a sort of droning hum became audible, and that sound increased during . three seconds that elapsed before the . big missile'came up to me and swept jpast. I was probably several hun- dred yards away at its nearest, but. the distance seemed less. A few faint stirrings of air began | to rock my machine even before the shell went by, but the full force of; the. "air wash" came a fraction of a! second later. Then an almost solid ' _wall of air nearly threw me on my ed lof the 800 children. sia and Finland to Gothenburg, Swe- den, where they tock steamer for New York, and arrived safely. ne month after the Gregorian Easter, 1915, according to Miss Levonian, an order came from Constantinople and all students, teach- , ers, priests and prominent men, num- | bering some 3000, between the ages of twenty and fifty years, were seiz iers. At night groups of these men. were taken out chained and were in the cutskirts of the town. Slaughter of Children. Perhaps the most gruesome incident | of the horror period was the slaughter The children, all orphans from the interior the two or and imprisoned by the Tu.kish sold- | shot! M rp , were seized by the Turks to be tutor- | in "Turkish ideals." The experi-| Fire Chief McArthur carried her ot oe s headgear was on in a sec- time to-make thirty-seven calls, But Tessie sat and' plugged. She knew that any moment a spark might catch the ga he kn¢w what pviene of oke can mean in a munition. tory. Tessie just sat ané pinged. "Hello,- hello, LLO! shed 30! Don't wait, run!" "Hello, hello, HELLO!" Ten buildings warned. How long would it take to get them all? Tessie saw shed No. 80 burst into flame, | 8 in from every door in sight, but there were other sheds she had not reached. Tessie sat and plugged. She saw the flames leap across the railroad siding to the six cars stored , with T.N.T. She saw the cars go up in great puffs of fire. Still she plug- ged and gave the warning. It was full ten minutes after Tessie acNamara saw the first wisp of | smoke near the big gasoline tank that | she called the last building. Red hot \fr ragments of steel were falling on the roof five feet above her head while she was still giving the alarm. Some of the pieces tore through and fell country, to the floor. She made her last call, then fainted. the United States by 32 per cent.:' bea beam ends, and I was really hard put a -ment failed and disease caused and to Australia and New Zealand by' to it to get the reeling machine bac hunger and neglect feeise anh aaeue nag te i: -- tie 23 per cent. on an even keel. For the next mile | the little ones. . To rid themselves of} Just . rai hello irl few . sent . . two the air was like water in the OILY | Reese A SEW Her Commercial Triumph in the this burden the Turkish officials had days azo. But she saved thousands World's Markets. _-- of a side-wheeler,--all chopped. g number of trenches prepared aid} ' of live : . to pieces,--and the machine rocked like |i;to these the children were flung W e have purposely gone so far.into' a springless motor lorry going over | alive, and buried. Their removal on! " detuil because these percentages . of cobbles. The air was disturbed for |oxdrawn carts was secretly watched by | Worth It. Great Britain's increasing trade, bas-! some seconds after a loud roar astern Miss Levonien who is still affected by | ed upon the official returns, afford per- had told me that the shell had come' the hor , | "When we were in Egypt Mrs. haps the most striking revelation _ of Fngland's commercial supremacy, even in the midst of the greatest war of any time, that could be put for- ward. They are details, too, that can- not be questioned or controverted, and, in"so far as they concern Great' Britain's shipments to such neutral, countries as the Argentine, Brazil, China, and, above all, the United; States, they cannot even be charged | with being concerned with the trans- port. of munitions of war or military, _materials of any description. What! © is true of these particular markets is also to a very large extent, applicable to British trade with others also, both Allied and neutral. The increase of £20,000,000 in the exports of cotton piece-goods from the United Kingdom during the first ten months of last year, as compared with the volume of this trade in the corre- sponding period of 1915, cannot: by any stretch of imagination be asso- cinted with the war, particularly as the bulk went to South America, China, India, the Dutch East and the United States. The same ap- plies to the £7,000,000 increase for the many other classes of manufa goods. It is a record of which Eng- land may well be proud, and an un- challengeable proof that "the flag that and the breeze" still flies serenely on e ocean routes of the world. has braved a thousand years the battle} is to earth. | --s China to Make Beet Sugar. | | | Sugar men in British China, accord- ing to Consul General G. E, Ander- son, Hongkongy afe of the opinion that the day is not far distant when China will produce most, if not all, of the su- gar required for its home consump- tion as a result of experiments in the raising of sugar beets that are now being carried on under the direction | of the Chinese Government. hese | experiments have been going on for | some time, though they have been! hampered considerably by the diffi- culty of securing seed, which is not only scarce but very high in price. When China gets to the point where it can supply its own sugar, Mr. Ander r-| son reports, a lagze amount of Java! and Philippine odes: will be released for use in other parts of the world. A Dead Shot. The valor and candid simplicily of | the Indian Babu is proverbial. A story goes of one anent the German East | African campaign, who (in the words 'of a contemporary) was about { most laconic,' competent, deadly ecar- mest station master and marksman, combined that ever lived. A regiment of men like him would end the war, for this is the wire he sent:--"One hundred Germans attacking station. Send immediately one rifle and 100 rounds ammunition." | it After vali the men had been disposed of the women. They were taken into 'the mountains where they were killed. The cruelty of the Ottomans was horribly illustrated in the case of many men prisoners, who, accordin to Miss Levonian, wi ng? "'horseshoed." The shoes, she said, were actually fastened to their feet by nails driven into the live flesh, ny Absent-Mindedness. It is said that Mr. Birrell, the late Irish Secretary, is the most absent- minded man alive; likewise he has lost more umbrellas than there are days in the year. Recently he went out to a luncheon desperately clutching a brand new umbreila "This doesn't belong to me,' nounced: "I borrowed it, and I- don't intend to lose it." "Tie it to the table lew," suggested. ; "Get the waiter to hold 'it for you," another volunteered. "Have 'em put it in the safe," a third advised. Mr. Birrell ignored them all. He placed the umbrella on the floor and planted both feet firmly upon it to the hilarious delight of his friends. en, when he had finished his luncheon, he--walked away and left ee - } jof an order came for the "deportation" , | one friend | Twobble stood speechless: before.the Pyramids," remarked Mr. Twobbte. "Fancy that! I don't remember what the trip cost me, but it was worth the money." Not The Owner. Pat had secured . lodgings in the town and gone-to. bed early. The 'wind was blowing a terrific gale, and, as the house did not stand very secure- ly, the landlord was very anxious about its safety. He sent a servant to arouse Pat, who was sleeping soundly. When at last the sleeper was awuk- * he an- | replied: ened, he sat up in bed and rubbed his eves. "What's the matter?" he a hed. "Don't you hear the wind?" en- quired the servant. "We are afraid the house wffl ve Liae" dew." Turning cver 9 and Gtawing tha clothes more tight!y round him, Pat 'Go and tell your ma ter---the house | doesn't belong to me A B Base -- "Why, Grace," exciaimed an old friend, "are you going to be married next week? You are 2 base deceiver. Why, you told us only a few days ago that you were booked for a personally conducted tour"with a small, select party." "Yes, dear;'-answered Grace, smil- ing sweetly; "hut Jack is the person- al conductor, and I'm the small, select party.' But For Her Bravery Thousands of seth EAS