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Ward DURHAM CHRONICLE DURHAM, JANUARY )f Innicipal Government in Ontario W ishin; ' \m1 :1 Happy and P1 uspmuus Vew Xem. -‘-. The real settlement of Ontario began i in vith the Declaration of American ln-' 7 . , ot lependence, and the first settlers were ; an argely emigrants from the New Eng-j la] and States. Most of them came from 1 h (ew York State and brought with ' S hem ideas of local government that Vere put into practice as soon as the ii p( ipportune time presented itself. But L W )efore L'pper t‘axnada was organized 3 p1 nto a separate province by the Con- as .titutional Act of 1791 Lord Dorchester ‘8 by prtwlamaition on July 24th, had j "1 livided the territory into four districts: . I" l) Lulu-burg. extending from the pres- . h nt eastern lxmndary of Ontario to a; tl ine running n: :rt h and south through 1 a he mouth of the Gananoque river; v: 2) Mecklenhurg. from this line to a' ilnilarlinc running through the mouth t7 if the '1 rent river: (3) Nassau, from; t his line to Long Point on Lake Erie; . t« t) Hesse. comprising all the rest of“ he Province thence to the. westerniv ioundary. which was the middle of i 1‘ he Detroit and St. (‘lair rive-rs andof' S .ake Huron, and extendingg‘in a north- I 8 vesterly direction to the undefined V’ f imits (if any) of the King's jurisdiction. . 5 F or the purpose of parlialuentary I 'epresentation these four districts', were. afterwards. by proclamation of g 1 )overnor Simcoe, July 16th, 1792, di- L; 'ided into nineteen counties, forming" be original counties of Upper Charla. 1 ll follows :â€"â€"- ' '~ (1) Giengary, Stormont, .Dundas, 3muvil, Leeds, Frontenac, ’Ofntariot ' ‘lde Touti” or Amherst Island, “ lsle‘ ; rm Forest" or Gage (now Simcw'lsland), “ brand (or \Volf) Island, and-Isle qw- , chain or Howe. Island, Addington, Prince Edward, Biptinga, ' x i l l A Paper lead by 1!. ll. Burgess, B. A Urey 'l’cacbers‘ Institute.) THE HISTORICAL GROWTH .=(irippe W. IRWIN. Edit Dnrm At this season of the‘ xqar a word to tha wise' it suf- ficient. Our Are the best preventive A dose or two taken as soon as first symptons ap-‘ pear never fails to check it. Try themâ€"~25c a box. The fuur original districts were re- nnt‘d during the first seséioiof- the at parliament of Upper Canhda; not. 17th, l792â€"EA3T23N, )1 mm», Stops a cough every time. Every bottle fully guaran- teed. It cure’s others whv not you. Only one size â€"-50c a battle. ' MacfAHLANM EB. .BISTS 8; BOOKSELLERS. wd Wmnnx distiricts. .In 'H and Pioprietor. at Sun! In 90? consequence of additional teg-‘ritery gram and growth in papulation. the districts ‘Certai were increased to eight, Johnstown, g munic Niagara, London and New Castle (“3' 5 Maym tricts being formed January lst. 1800. g or heiw In 1819 there were twenty disti-icts in ‘ cil. Upper Canada. It was in this year was c‘ that the (‘uunty became the unit of E vote ( ' division for parliamentary purlwses. In 1 The management of local affaim in . Act, : em-h of the districts, including much of I! huldg nu. u-m-k nmv done by the township : speci: _________________________.__â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"-â€"â€"-â€"-â€""'""â€"â€"â€" " 'â€"-â€"â€""â€"â€"-â€"â€"â€"â€"fi d by the incorporation Acts of municipal Act was intro ’onsequence of additional territory" grante . p . . md growth in population. the districts g Certain Cities (Toronto 18.“), and the 611: Baldwm to provide ‘ ted in a poration of the tom "1'9 increased to eight, JOhUStOWD. ' municipal government was yes Niagara, London and New Castle (“8‘ 3 Mayor and Common Council, the Mayâ€" counties and cities of l ally chosen by the Counâ€" This Bill was defeated, tricts being formed January lst. 1800. ‘. or being gener wen Sound Win-Lafontaine govern: In 184‘.) there were twenty districts in ‘ cil. (The first Mayor of 0 men by the Council and not bv to resign. In 1849 the } alterations became law Upper Canada. It was in this year: was clu that th" “"th ““31““ th" "Nit ”f3: vote of the electors as at Present). l. 'zg: o a 0.0 ‘~ 0 1' ° ‘3‘ i ' '1 - . i ‘ . (.n ....on fox parliamentary pulpuhtb. g In 1544, Parliament passed a general‘ In the same sessmn houseâ€" . Parliament (as the b0 districts had in nearly a The management of local affairs in i Act, allowing the. inhabitant s of any town or village. 110$, dentical With the hm E counties) the territoria each of the districts, includingmuch of 1' holder. . the work now done by the township i specially incorporated to elect“ Police ‘ 1 and town councils, was, until the year, Trustees,” who were empowered to en- . 13:2, managed by the crown-appointe.l force within the limits 0f the town or province into district: Justices of the Peace for each district. 3 village the regulatitms of the present and the 113111601? count} assembled in their General Quarter? Municipal Act. regulaticms which have diViSiOD f0? judicialas ‘ id for several years i remained unchanged on the Statute purposes was retainec ; hooks for more than fifty years. trict gaOIS, court he ter Sessions for the Eastern District ! Municipal affairs in rural districts 80110018 and district used to meet twice each year at New ; still continue to he managed by the thenceforth belong tot Johnstown, in Edwardslmrg, and twice ! Quarter Sessions for the district. acting 11.111011 of Counties, and a year at Cornwall; for the Midland through the officers. appointed by the Slon tall previous loca district alternate] at Kin ston and . -. » pora 10“ were 1‘9 ale¢ A tlnl nlnmtntvn : a3 Newark inarterly, :flfeozolifijieand the almandlnenw fro“) The BaldWlIl AIL: ha, um Manna Charta of the 1 Sessions. In 1793,:11 afterwards, the ( ‘ourt of General Quar- ‘ ‘ "â€"â€"n“ 0‘1IIIIUVV vv --, -_.. ,, Adolphustown; at Newark quarterly, for the Home district, and for the \Vestern district “ in the town of De- troit” with a yearly special session at Michilimackinac, now “the British Landing.” The powers of the Justices of the Peace at the Quarter Sessions included, among other things, the erection and management of Court Houses, gaols and asylums, laying out and improv- fl Michilimackinac, rim; “the British Landing.” The powers of the Justices of the Peace at the Quarter Sessions included, among other things, the erection and management of Court Houses, gaols and asylums, laying out and improv- ing the roads, levying assessments for these purposes and also to pay the wages of members of Parliament’ 4 Legislative Assembly). It was within their jurisdiction to make reg- ulations to prevent accidental fires, to appoint district and township cons-1 tables. to fix the fees of gaolers, of‘ town or parish clerks and of pound] keepers: to appoint street and road surveyors; and Inspectors of weights and measures. It was also the duty of these Magistrates to regulate the management of ferries, and the estab- lishment of markets in towns, also to grant licenses to sell liquor, and to ministers of dissenting congregations authorizing them to solemnize mar- riagvs. \s far back as 1793111ay he found the ‘ germ of the (lel'nocratic system of municipal .govermuent which has so l ‘J 111111111111t111y s11p1rse11e1l the oligz 1r1'11i1: 1 111111tho11 through . 111_1111i:11111s of thei ' (‘1 11111 11. 111 this year an Art was pass-i 1111 “ to 111111111111 for the nomination and ' appointment of Parish 111111 T1111'11 ofli-iI 11111s within the P1'111in11.11 ’ This Aet ' 11111111111'-1r1111 11111 two of His Maiesh" s .1. 1sti<111s11f the P1111111 by their 1111112111145 111 authoxize the ( onst: 111111 111'11211 p111ish, t1111' 11sh' 1p, 11111111t1111 township or 1 l 1 1 11' 111' 11 111.'1s.1<111111111 1111 t1‘11'1irs1 ‘11111111111' '1 in \[111111 (111111 the first )1111111111 in 1 .1111111111 1 ) in 1111111 1111113 the 111t1111111'ingi inhahit; 1nt householders 111' the [1111i 11 1 t1111'11shi11, 11113, to choose for t1 111 1111s11-\ 1 in" 1 11111' a 1'1111'11,t11'11 assessors, a 1.111- 111 1111', 11 111111111111 111 111'111s11111s11f roads, and 1"11111'11111111111s. a pound 1111 eper and two 1111111111111. 11' 1111-1111. 'as a parishi 1111111111 and a duly appointed 111inister' thereof, 1111 named 1.1111111111111111). and the “ town 1111111ting” 1.11111se the other. The two Were styled Church-wardens. The 1111.1eting had 11.11 legislative power he- y11n11 electing these officers to enforce the laws 111111111 by Parliament except t1 determine the height of lawful fem-1s and to ascertain and determine in what manner and for what period of time horned cattle, horses, sheep and swine shall be allowed to run at large or to decide that any of them shall be restrained from doing so. The two wardens became a “Cor-l poration ” to represent all the rate- ‘ payers of the township or parish, with power to act on their behalf, but except as already mentioned they had no leg- islative power whatever. The Justices of the Peace in their Quarter Sessions retained all the power above mentioned In case. the ratepayers failed to elect the town ofii(,:ers, the Justices appoint- ed them. and in every case. filled all vacancies caused by death or removal. \Vith the gruwth of new towns and tfu- vstahlishnwnt of markets therein, the Quartvr Sessions were given power to make. such “rules and regulations as they might deem expedient,” for watching. paving, lighting, keeping in repair, cleansing and improving the streets of such towns, regulating the assize of bread, slaughter houses, etc., enforcing the laws in regard to horses, swine and cattle running at large upon the streets. llIlPu to l (Iradually the power tomanage these and the male inhabitants qua e given 3 matters was transferred to I°epl'eS(2nt-1vote for township officers wer . ative bodies elected annually by resid-l power to elect representatives to a l ent male householders under the name 3 “ District Council ” in which was vest- i os' " Boards of Police.” The powers of i ed the powers to pass by-laws relative ‘ these " Boards " was enlarged by al- 1 to roads, bridges, public builings, i lowing them " to appoint the town l schools, expenses of administration, : clerk. treasurer, assessors. collectors, . etc., and to levy taxes for these pur-l bailiffs. etc.. to fix the salaries, to levy l poses. All the powers vested in the ! assessments to purchase real estate for‘ Quarter Sessions were now transferred l the town, to procure tire engines. and to these “ District Councils,” hisi the. means of securing pure, wholesolue iiuportant Act which established the ' _ water, lighting, paving the streets. to Municipal System of Upper Canada regulate and to license victualling was introduced during the first session' ‘ houses. and public exhibitions; to reg- after the Union in 181.1 by the Hon. 8. 1 ' ulate carts, wharves, weighing of hay, B. Harrison, the then provingial Sec- ' measuring of wood; to prevent riding I retary of U pper Canada. “ Imperfect ' l or driving on sidew ks * * * as was this Act, it marks the com. l. and to make rules and regulations as mencement of a new era in the muni- - ‘3 they may deem expedient with power eipal government of Canada. In the . l to enforce by inflicting apenalty of l£ course of a few years it was amended ; 10s. for violation of any by-law or and the people at last obtained full , ordinance of the Corporation.” control of the election of their own 1 Yet more extensive powers were municipal 0mm” In 1843, a general .,,.._ W 7 H _. ,iector will l 1 0y ordered What Tare the H _ ’ )e a 1 11 r t 1‘ t 1: 1i ouse, Luesdays 4 e‘ - .- --:: y . - 100‘ {at . «11“ mi 1' » “ .xecenve the same.â€" pply of the provisions; they ! been incurred in the pru- hat fees the district ufiirvrs ‘ -- - a .. waive; thev had ('(mtrni (if? . o ‘ . i DANC LI’lty and m-casmnally voted 1 for the relief of an unfnrt-un- i The cases are gri " They exercised the right '. more numerous of 1 )utrast between the elf-government gix en CPS, and to the rural \x hid]. did not fail to m “m EIK‘ VQV â€"w~â€"~ , a poration of the townships, towns, l y- counties and cities of Upper Canada.E ,n- - This Bill was defeated, and the Bald- 2 mi win-Lafontaine government was forced ?, bv E to resign. In 1849 the Bill with some 3 E alterations became law. ml E In the. same session by an Act of E :r. t, E Parliament. (as the boundaries of the lot E districts had in nearly all cases become i“. E identical with the boundaries of the en- E. counties) the territorial division of the E province into districts was abolished gut ' and the name of county as a territorial we division for judicial as well as for other ute E purposes was retained, and the dis- . 01‘ THURSDAY. JANUARY 2. trict gaols, court houses, grammar schools and district officers shonld thenceforth belong to the counties and union of counties, and at the same ses- sion all previous local Acts of incor- poration were repealed. The Baldwin Act has been called the Magna Charta of the Municipal Instit- utions of Canada ; still it has been amendedat nearly every session of Bar- liament from 1849 to the present time, and seven times consolidated. Yet the changes made have been chiefly in the way of amplification and detail : and, though the powers of municipal coun- cils have since been extended to many subjects, not at that time foreseen,they i have in some matters been curtailed. Since 1867 there has been a tendency I to t "ansfer to government officials and i to bodies, such as Boards of Health, ! License (.‘onnnissioners, and Police Commissitmers, of a less directly rep- resentativeaml popular character than 4 our nmnicipal councils, certain of the i powers which were formerly exercised _ by the Councils or their officers. The cases are growing startlingly ‘ more numerous of IaIlway engineets. ‘Of pilots and nIotOIIneII. dyingr in- stantly at theiI posts. '1 he lives and limbs of scores, hundreds, we thus Iimpe1illed.l'he pilot of a cIovIded INew Yotk City feIIy “as Iecenth found at a critical moment stiff in I death " he engineel ofa lightning ieXpress. running at full Speed on a l"slow” section. with his hand on Ithe lever dead. June l'oth, 1900, a IChicago motorman did not stop as l usual at a steam- -road otossing, and Ian engine grazed the rear of his IelectIic car loaded with passengers. 1 He was found with staring eyes, I stone dead. Two New Jersey en- : . i.neers brothers, hate been stticken ll with paralt SIS We have numerous -irecords of these and other similar llcaSPS, Vt hat is the matter? 'l‘leiI . work is exceptionally straining on I their nervc s. and if they did not have the rest of one day in seven these sudden deaths would be to be ex- I IIected. if they did not aetually hap- ptn. Right here. too. is the cause of railway accidents that often cost. f stockholders from hundreds of thous- ands to a million or more. in the 'l, crash ofa second of time. Therefore. If! pions”1ensons aside, there is I danger to life and property in Sundas isteatn and tIolley travel. Danger 1' . mert flat in tle meek hmanse of it "'l'lhedtwl t_\I :«nnv of Sunday work If: thus enforced on lahonIing tnI-II ha» t, I math white Sla\'e.~' uf IIIlllIOIIS of our 1, mount“ '1 Hi It is no longer Safe to ;()l ride on . leopet' or day trains â€" on ltroiles or “my; and Capital and a labor lw'h hate cause. to cry out ‘ quflthY Sunday work a~ an enemy. U- [)0 I help this. elIt‘tIIy ity itfl t “('9 or re III 6):»qu '.e in fatIII- or Snmlav work “SI in MN fo III?~(NiugaIa f‘inws) L‘. ? 'Il “'e have Levn requested to notify all who have not yet paid their taxvs to do so on or before the Nth of January. Hugh MacKav. the col- hector, “i” be at the MiddaUyh House, Tuesdays and Satuxdays to flan, and 0‘21 "3 ‘1 “t th: too common 0 r0? cfov er eating- Take one after «magma-ca u..._.;~.,,u._ ._ ; -Q‘A Thay an p‘..:a.:.:..;t.1;"-â€"4O dues L1. a. “a 10 03:;3. Never have that tired feeling it you keep your- liver active, and Dr. Agnew’s Liver Pills are a liver Specific. 25 cent vial contains 10° 801.1 by Mac "atlaue Co., Durham was introduced by Rob- . nrovide for the incor- l‘ax Notice 'IIP. I Mr K n'ClVflOf rm.“ om‘h; 97" 0.0 .- DANGER *%%$%$%k%§%ޢ*%fifiéfi¢%%%%% bar ‘5 .71 71'“? VIASSEY- -|lARRlS SHOWROOMS. V“ "A? .m 31. Canada Carriage Co. "h‘.’ r, ’11 w. u. I 7! s. Our Cooking Stoves. 3935.5 \wlhusauo .0 on 1“. fa \L FIRE INSURANCE promptly at- tended to. Farmers’ Insurance in the Grey Bruce Farmers’ hiutual ‘45 b a specialty. at. the Massey-Harris Showxooms on Lambton Street. west of the Middaugh Housm be JOHN LIVINGSTON. o4 «7a- 3 9% $4. $4: «Va ,4; WWW W W W W5 m" 64$ W "’13" 71.: winter wear that has ever been ofl'ered in town. On in this line has wonderfully increased. showing that the goods wanted by the customer. Millinery. THE CASH SYSTEM HERE. NOW A Good Assortment of Plain shapes in Sailors and Walking Hats from 250 up. MISS DICK. Over 28 Cutters on hand to make your choice from. Give us a call and sue them on Sat. utdags, as we make this our special day. A small line of Cooking Stoves and that famous Top Draft Heating Stove. A trial will cost you nothing, so try the Queen. It. will please you. AGENT. Special Bargains in Millinery. buy at wry [nuâ€"n}. H'immed HAT fur half price, am". for the» we.“ (mu \Aeeks we will «He? Special bargains ill the! t'rumilndvr of trimmed s'ock. We haue uver ‘hiHy-fivp \rery prmty 'l'rimmrd Hu's in Blavk Vrlvet and Felt. Hm» Inn-d in NW laws' M319. '0 '06 Srld m a. \91‘\ low fizzurv. “v will Hm! you a vvrg prmty Hut for $1.25. #39:" REPAIRING A SPECIALTY To purchase Christmas and New Year’s PRESENTS should call and see our They have a look of smartness and novelty. A look that wins the admiration of any person These goods are not only ornamental. but are use ful and will give absolute satisfamion to the wearer Any person can afiord them as the prices are low IS THE TIME TO NEW SLIPPERS. DURHAM. PEEL, 1W. D. CONNOR {Bargains . . Punips of all Kinds. SHOP open every afternoon. All REPAIRING promptly at orly attended to. Ladles’ Jackets. \Ve have the bvst class of DURHAM SCHOOL The school in o-quippvd for full Juniur low it: mu! Mail'ntcllatiuu um'k, umlrr the tulhm w; Mafl 0t competent teachers tor that ueparum m. Thou. All... Principal. A. Math... 8. A., (Spm'inlit-n. Asst. I'm: Mlll Link. 8. Ah , (thingies and Modems. [mending Madam: shank] emo-r at beginning « mm. or as noon after u poulblo. Fees. 61 00 per month. WM. JOHNSTON. Galvanized and Iron Pipâ€" ing; Biass Brass Lined and hon Cylinders The Shoe Man . L. GRANT. Pumps tmm $2 upward. We have a nice assortment of Ladies' Jackets from $4 (‘0 UP to $10.50. These are Stylish. Tailor-made Jackets. made W Northway Co. and are A1 Fitting Garmpn's. If \on «am 3 Suit of (10:1ch for war Bt“. come and louk at our mock. “ 9 haxc :1 NH 9 aaanrvmmot in all Sizee an. all Prices. See them. STAFF AX!) EQI'II’MEXT Manufacturer of And Dealer in â€"â€" Chain 1mm For This Week: Our business but we have W. D. CONNOR. C. L. GRAXT. Secretary- and prop- a" ?I ‘1’? 7‘ a“ Hr. D‘Vid Hillis paid periodical visit: to thc' old Week. but. returned again Luke on Monday. “I. John Chapman and Ilukdue. and Mr. R ! ‘Ilflily. 0f Aru’llh’fla. ate. her with their Iuothess-iu-l Mr. and Mrs. Joe Xmas with the form: ”(:NIUy. of 'l‘ruvmwt Wood cutting cage. Messrs. A and Joe Lennox week. which lo Cupply. Mrs. 118. 'l‘u' of late. Few OXperieuced lwr uflilcnou and .peedy rccu var} The! “4.: Hall flight 0‘ the 19th It“: aflair. Mr 0d OK the halls brought good n his element when chairman of tin» forth the talent and instruct (In lawfully interest. In forget. all 0151 Bung in her usua? Baird. of \me. 11mm, 0! \\ um! that blue “as {u encore and had closingtnne. as Miss Maud C Gt'iursou earl! Teacher Mclh wisdom and M the aflnir with we sang dimmers” ulteuumg the last I ‘0‘ an Mia-3.511 from To! than en Mr. J: We.“ a Iv“ again and Seat 01 slun J‘Kt haw cousplcuo not hold longer. did use I! It!!!” per was Hue, lwca here worry 50 {o Chronicle as soon : Miss Maggie A1 of Miss Dorothy 1 friends in town I Miss Maud Che. Spending a few m in this part. Many of our ('i Bufleling from the can. They claim lit and wlwn you 1 know it for aura. School I: Mr. Jam. A trustees re good work the s<hoo onurc see! not is being as I as can be by the. resideua “Loo! was n I“ he. has 11w Messrs. .5. co): and W non h (ilenvl Joe Lelmox‘ got along I: up that way qu “c u and go and dc “ho cu the“: i M \\' t I'm: New on Dc-ceu re- u [Huh (alullirs [tom t1 .ilh‘e i" CORN ER CON CE} p‘ 0"UI‘ has «in .Udit'ht film a l. {ind HI IL Pricenlh nu touly for 31w ' rammv WM lass chat at" find Lama-e SIM illet ll ream“; a Ht Ction [e HUI 8\N Ill hPI 1m} by the “'t U l( PRICEVI “(‘I “I we “It )l \\ It“ ll \\' t «on t h 9 m fll ch ll Kl com III a! ll \\