o “Nb. DEN ' SCIENTIFIC BREEDING. The principles of breeding have been. diligently sought by thousands of breeders, but not with that under- standng that would give the elemenâ€" tary lessons that lead to ultimate success. The fundamental, principles of breeding; are as old as creation and through all. the ages they have been immutable. There are four, them: like begets like, variation, seâ€" lection and environment. Some have tried that is atavism _ this is a mistake, as atavism is but a manifestation of law, that like begets like. is the reversion to a type establishâ€" ed by an early line of ancestors. To succeed as a breeder and a moulder of the breed that you would Avatism ï¬xed type set by yourself toWard which you will work. There must be an improvement in that ideal and it must be better than any man now has. This ideal must be lilEls‘INITE AND CERTAIN; there must be a working to some end. In breeding as in all other business you must know what you want before you go after it, then andlgmumd. 1, r \ ' J I . as anlsoon as ti o) germinate, they can be ~most thoroughly destroyed. then only can you hope to succeed. To take the Fhorthorn breed illustration: Thomas Bates bred for an ideal and reached it, but it took long and persistent endeavor; were disappointments and failures and before each move there was long and deep study. The experience of Amos Cruikshank was the same,.but ever he held to the ideal and he won. These men recognized the immutable laws: like begets like, variation, se- lection and environment. And it is more than probable that they knew the history they used from the day of its birth to the day they put it on trial; that they knew his progenitors for at least four generations on both sides; that they knew the variations in these same animals and that the se- lection of any animal was made ac- cording to whether or not the aniâ€" mal had the characteristics and his ancestors had them too, and not beâ€" cause he was recorded in any herd book or was the winner of ribbons RED, WHITE AND BLUE. Then you can be sure (that they lookâ€" ed well to environment and that the sxuroundings of these animals were of the_bcst, for it was not in these men to jeopardize success by poor surroundings after all their pains and trouble in the selection of what they' believed suited to the attainment of the end they sought. With an intelligent application of the four fundamental principles of breeding any man of average intelliâ€" to- add to these a ï¬fth, and; or reversion: but -province. improve there must be an ideal or a. 'perimental . i then: [by Shuting up a, laying hen and fly. ling her garlic which will be found to of every animal that] Iobjectionable flavor is always be able to see the work, but it is always there. ‘ _ FARM TOPICS. The farmer who adopts a wise roâ€" tation of crops, who raises upon the farm the products for the support of. his stock and his family, who seeks to increase his stock of manure from every available source, and applying it back to his land, will not likely complain of his farm running down. Strength, endurance and speed in a Ihorse are not developed by violent usage but rather by judicious amount of exercise given so as to develop but not strain. When the training goes of Ibeyon-d a. certain point it becomes in- l jurious, so that the development of muscle, strength and the power of endurance, comes within the trainer's Though not grown as extensively the first great as some other roots in Canada, man- golds are a valuable crop to grow. No other crop can be growu continu- ously on the land from year to year and get a. good yield as can , manâ€" golds. At the'great Rothamsted Ex- Farm in England man- golds have been grown continuously on the same land for 27 years. Good tillage does not consist in stirring the soil only often enough to kill the weeds, but stirring it often enough to keep mellow and in a fine tilth, whether there be weeds to kill or .not. The better rule when it can lbe done, is never to allow the woods to make their appearance above the If they can be destroyed as. The flavor of eggs is influenced by the food. This may be easily tested indicate the flavor. Another theory (but which is not fully conï¬rmed) is than an egg laid on any strongâ€" smelling substance will contract the odor. This is explained by the fact that the shell, when the egg is first laid, is comparatively soft and imâ€" pressionable and becomes hard only after contact with the atmosphere. It is more probablem3howevcr, that an due' to the food. Tainted food or drink should not be given under any conditions. Eggs should be collected daily, and not left lying about the runs or in the nest boxes. As a rule this work is regularly done each morning, but in most flocks there are a few hens who lay later than the others. Some- times not producing their eggs till midday, or after. If an egg is left lying about on the ground, it is apt to got broken, and in this way not a few egg-eaters are made. The walk of a young horse is largeâ€" ly influenced by the driver. If you put a horse into the care of a slow, idle man, or if a young horse is driven by a. slow, careless man the animal will acquire a. habit of slow motion that it will be difï¬cult to‘ over- come. In a majority of cases a slow, trailing gait makes really harder Work for the horse. A moderately gence can hope to succeed as a breed- lquick walk, with at least all ordinâ€" er of live stock, but to be a masteri in this the highest of all professions' takes a master mind with unceasing application. Haphazard mating of animals of the same breed that have: won at the stock shows can mean noâ€" thing tOWard success unless an acct! dent. You might meet with an acci-' dent and get a winner if you are: lucky, but you will recall the old saying, “It takes a. fool for luck.†If you are a fool take your chance; and see how luck will serve you. -Nol great battle was ever won without a definite plan and no business sucâ€" cess was ever made without the hardest kin-d of work. You may not II To prove to on that Dr. Pl Chase's Olntmgnt is a certain ! bleedinzand protrudin piles. the manufacturers have guaranteed it. co to:- l getgour money back if not cured. 600 a. box, at all colors or EDHANEONJBATES a CogToronto. and absolute cure for each timonials in the daily press and ask your neigh- ' Dr. Chase’s Ointment l and every form of itching, hora what they think of it. You can use it and I Ikill ary farm work, exhausts the animal less than a slow gait. From the time the rootâ€"crop be- gins to show itself above the ground the cultivator should be kept going. Forty or fifty years ago the farmer cultivated corn and potatoes to kill the weeds that grew in them. Now- aâ€"days the farmer cultivates for other purposes and incidentally to weeds. The good farmer of to- day knows that cultivation unlocks plant food, helps to conserve moisâ€" ture and aerate the soil and at the same time kills the weeds. It is better to allow hens to sit than to prevent them, but there are times when too many wish to do so. When a hen wishes to sit, she is usually fat. the eggâ€"producing ca- pacity of her system, for the time being has become exhausted and reâ€" cuperation is needed. The first step to such recuperation is rest, and beâ€" ing naturally an industrious bird she feels that she may as well raise a brood while resting. Av0id any Some indications of Nervous Discrdersi- The Warning Signals Which Forotell the Approach of Nervous- Prostration, Paralysls and locomotor Ataxia. Twitching, of the muscles, sonsiâ€"l tiveness to- light, sound and motion, grinding of the teeth during sleep, lcrkliig of the limbs, continual move~ meat such as tapping the fingersâ€" these are some of the symptoms of axhaustcd nerves. Intervals of wakefulness. headache during. the night, sparks before 'the eyes, d-isorc‘ers of sight and hearing, are other indications that nervous :ollapse is approaching. Because there is no acute pain people u: not always realize the seriousness of nervous diseases. They do not think of the helplessness of body and mind, which is the result of neglecting such ailments. Because of its extraordinary con- trol over diseases of the nerves Dr. Chase’s Nerve Food has come to be tensidered the one great treatment [or disorders of this nature. rPhis great food cure not only 1'0- vilalizes the wasted nerve cells, butl actually forms new firm flesh nn‘dl tissue. builds up the system l ,.,_.,,.._.___.......__....-.. on, . a. sends new vigor and vitality to every organ of the body. Being composed of the greatest restora- tives of nature it is bound to do you good. I Mrs. Drinkwater, 5 Water St. , Gait†Ont., states :â€"“My great trouble has been with my nerves. 1 was very nervous, had twitdhing of the nerves, and could not get to. sleep at night. I seemed quite worn out, and believing that I needed some medicine began to use Dr. Chase's Nerve Food. I can truthâ€" fully say that this preparation has proven surprisingly beneficial to me. It has strengthened and steadied my; nerves. made me rest and sleep well, and in fact built up the system generall y. ' ' . Dr. Chase’s Nerve Food, 50 cents a box, at all dealers, or Edmanson, Ba.th 85 Company, Toronto. To protect you against imitations, the ,pOrtrait and signature of Dr. A. W. Chase, the famous receipt book au- thor, are on every box. I v cruel method. Place the fowl in a coop made of slatsâ€"top, bot- tom and sidesâ€"raised from the ground. around her, thus being disturbed and lunable to create warmth, the air under her being cool, she will aban- ‘don the attempt. PERSONAL POINTERS. â€"â€" - Notes of Interest About Some Prominent People. Llr. Austin Chamberlain, the Brit- ish Chancellor of the Exchequer, has an extensive knowledge of agriculâ€" ture, and one of his recreations is 'the running of a. dairy farm, in which he takes a keen practical inâ€" terest. The farm is, as may be supâ€" posed, kept mainly for pleasure; but it is conducted on economical prin- ciples, and has proved a signal suc- cess. From grocer-boy to scientist is the honorable record of Dr. John Ja nos, head of the Physics Department, High School, Middlesbrough, England. who was recently appointed Director of Education for the county of Gla- morgan. He began life. as a grocer’s apprentice, but subsequently went to Oxford, where he obtained his B. A. and B. Sc. degrees. Dr. Penticost, the famous preacher, is a picturesque personality. Born sixty-one years .ago, in Illinois, the lad, through the failure of his fa- ther, had a rough life as a laborer on the high roads, wood-chopper in the forests, and hotel servant. At nineteen he became deputyâ€"clerk 'to the United States Supreme Court at, Kansas, studied law, then entered a theological training college, enlisted for the Civil War, resumed his proâ€" fession of the law, and at length be- came a Baptist minister. Lord Radstock, who is now in his seventy-first year, is a man of strong religious convictions; whose sermons are much more eloquent than his speeches in the House of Lords. So daring has he been in his missionary enterprise that thirty years ago he invaded Russia and founded a sect after his own heart~the Pashkofllski. The price he paid for his daring was thathe was forbidden to enter Rusâ€" sia again, so alarmed were the auâ€" thorities at the' possibilities of his zeal. There are many stories told of the absentmindedness of the late Proâ€" fessor Mommscn, the German histori- an. On one occasion he was with his son, then a boy of ten, in a street- car. The latter fidgeted about so much that the Professor, who was lost in thought, turned sharply up- on him and asked him .his name. “The same as yours, sir," was the answer. The onlookers who had grasped the position and recognized the diminutive figure of the distingu- ished Savant, were vastly amused. Another instance is recorded when the Professor was discovered comâ€" posedly deciphering Roman inscripâ€" tions by the light of a candle while his hair was on firel, Sir Reginald Hart is the happy possessor of many decorations, of which five are for personal bravery. First and foremost comes the V. 0., which he won in .1879 by saving a trooper of the 13th Bengal Lancers in the Afghan campaign; then there is the Royal Humane Society's silâ€" ver medal, together with a clasp which was added for saving the life .of a native in India: while the fourth and fifth decorations are medals preâ€" sented to him by the French Presiâ€" dent and the Mayor of Boulogne for saving life .in that town. Besides these, General Hart wears the medâ€" als for several Indian campaigns, as well as for Egypt and, of course, South Africa, where he was with General Buller on the Tugela. The King of Roumania, for whose Queen the British cherish a genuine affection as “Carmen Sylvia," is Sovereign of the youngest monarchy in Europe. He was a grim, hardâ€" fighting soldier befdi'e he was perâ€" mitted‘by the Powers to be a Sovâ€" ereign. IIe commemorates his origin in a singular fashion. The crown he wears is of solid iron, plain and unadorned. It was fashioned, by his desire, from a huge cannon which he and his brave Roumanian troops cap- tured from the Turks at Plevna. Un- adorned, heavy, sombre-looking, the crown for which he fought and won is unique amonf diadcms. I-i'is beau- tiful Queen, too, wears a crown reâ€" markable for its simplicity and inexâ€" pensivcness. It has not a. jewel in it. but is just plain beaten gold, which the rougli-ansdâ€"rcady goldâ€" smiths of Bucharest made her tWO- andâ€"twenty years ago. _ Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, of Engâ€" land, who is ncarly eighty-one, made his great name just short of half a century ago, when. as a young surâ€" geon in the Malay Archipelago, there occurred to him that theory of naâ€" tural selection which also occurred independently to Darwin some years earlier, and to Herbert Spencer ear- lier still. It is a noteworthy fact that both Darwin and Wallace have told us that they reached the idea as a direct result of the reading of Malthus's essay on population. Be- sides being a vigorous defender of spiritualism, Dr. Wallace has commitâ€" ted himself to entire faith in phrcno- logy, and is an ardent antiâ€"vaccinaâ€" tor. Until the present year he has never published any work upon as- tronomy. There can be little queS- tion that his last book, with its 830 pages, constitutes one of the most remarkable instances of rapid and exâ€" hausting Work' ever achieved by an ctogenarinn. '~ an Wi'rEIEiXPEiiiEâ€"Ni THAN THE DISEASE . People of Hastings, Thought They Had a Panâ€" acea for Civic Ills. While very much is heard of success that ultenz‘s mur-i ipal own- e.-ship in English and Scotch cities, very li-lt'e is heard of its failures. T. 0 most notable failire in this new method of supplying uti ilies to tie people and of doirg pu-blic work by public machinery is that of tl‘e great salt water experiment whizh lc;ontly ended in economic ( isnster for several coast. cities in England. It was not long ago that some aleit genius in the town of Hastings contrived the daring and original idea of "harnersâ€" ing tl‘e ocean" to sprinkle the stzeets of that (ity. So simple was the plan and so obvious was its desira- bility that tie muni i{:al fnthe.s of Hastings proceeded without delay to put it into effect. Of course, the ex- ecution cf tl‘e plan was quite expen- sive. An entire new plant for pump- ing and maizing was necessary, but ckpense is re object wlen the public pays the bills, esperially with the public is vastly beneï¬ted by the ex- penditure. And in this case there was manifest a double desirability inasmuch as a large revenue to the city was clearly in sight. Why not extend the pipe system generally, so that anyone "who desired 'it could have his salt water dip in his OWn private bathroom? It was an alâ€" luiring prospectsand the plans went through with a rush. ADVANTAGES APPARENT. News of the salt water system in Hastings spread rapidly and a num- ber of coast towns took advantage of the example and were presently equipied with pumps and pipes in plenty. Ti‘e system seemed to be tlte very acme cf desirability and [I'Gl'i'6_lllbl"ity. Numerous advantages not thought of befoae were discover- ed as soon as it was put into actual breathe. Sea salt is known to haxe (onsiderable antiseptic power, and its presence in all the streets had a most salubiious effect on the general hygienic state of the town. This, in conneition with the fact that every- body who c’ould afford it had private sea water bathing facilities, wrought a tw0â€"i‘cld good effect on the general l:ca.ith. Again, tine sa t. being high- ly hygroscopicfor water absorbing, the gereial humidity was reduced. Still again it was found 'lhat as the salt ateliniulated on tiie surface of tie streets it fonnzcd a. hand and neatly rounded roadbe'l. Lastlyâ€"- and posiny the most desirable feaâ€" ture of the entiie affairâ€"tide revenue to tie (ity from private consumption was vastly larger than even the most urgent advocates of the plan l‘ad l:ol-:e.d for. In 01.0 word, the system proved itself to be an unâ€" qualified success, no matter how its most faslidious critic was disposed to look at it. The genius in Hast- ings who originated the idea became quite popular and was praised as a positive benefactor to Us Lind. So much for the bright side of the picâ€" ture. Now for the dark. SALT, SALT EVERYWHERE. All students of chemistry know that common Salt possesses the proâ€" perty of ('eliqcesccxuc, whiih is an- other nume for tl e taking up of waâ€" ter ff om the air. Salt tales up wa- ter from the airâ€"that is, it becomes wet. When Here is very little huâ€" midity in the air salt remains Loniâ€" p-aratively dry; when t' e e is much water in the air it becomes quite wet. Now upon dry days tie salt on Line streets of our English coast towns became diy and was blown about by tre winds. it settled on the goods in shops, worked its way into the most remote cornezs of cloth and clothes, settled upon fruits and vegetables, upon carpets and fur- nitu-re, and, in short, it did precisely what fine dust will do. But, unâ€" fortunately, ,it was deliques-ccnt, and, unlike dust, it took up water from the air and became Wet, thereby, making havoc of values in almost every kind of commodity upon whi;h it had settled. But this was only part (2f trouible. '.‘i.e flying salt not only ruined the clothes people were, but it got into eyes and mouths, which is not the most pleasant thing im- aginable by any means. It Ll'.lllg'.t,0 tie wheels of carriages, destroying the paint thereon, and was dashed wet against the bodies of the car- liage", eating away the varnish and tie color there. Ilt formed crystal- line lnvels on boots and shoes and do limb to be removed even with tlte aid of s-patulas and knives. And if no more could be said of it. it was by this time precehed to be a posi- tive public nuisance. Alas ! i‘ot half has been said of it vet. For this omnipreSent and posâ€" l‘i'erous salt, not content with workâ€" ing above ground, must needs carry on its dopredations in the dark and underground. For it was found that it corroded the pipes through which it was distributed, canning leaks without number and without warning of when and where tl'ey were about to occur. Families awoke to ï¬nd their houses deluged wilh sea. water. People could not :it down to a meal without dread of interruption from a gushet of the saiubrio'us sea, where as tl‘e sudden burstng of large street mains was the occasion of sevâ€" eral deaths before relief could be had from headquarters. NUTS FOR PESSIB’IISTS. . .Now the worst of paganism (0011 not ask for meze in the quantity and quality of this public curse. t“e England, hm)"- t}.e cursed (lileics of tie English is" “"r W! ' yet another and a lifedestroying cf the tale is notall told. There", fort from the salt water systen As she can see everything THE REMEDY WAS WORSE which, if it did not kill men, at less! lifl'llcd much that was \exy 'c‘eaz' ll menâ€"namely t'cir trees and slow! Tie leakage from the rip: see; ed through to math, and al tacking tlte roots of vegetation do: troyed all the greenery in these salt coasi Grass. flowers, trees, vires. 01 plants that drew their nouiishnieu from the wet earth were fed upol salt solution, wilted, drooped an~ died All tlzcse effects were felt simultan eously. Tiney did not occur pretis'e ly one after tie other. A little linu was requi‘. ed for tie salt to permontt above and below ground, to a reas onable extent before it began U make ilsclf tl‘e most conspicuous fans in the life of these communi.ics. it: poll fell all at once. it was a long lime. coming, but it came. It cov- e:-ed elezybody and mac‘e everybod; ['erfostly miserable in mind an: body. And as nobody in particulai could make a fortune out of it, if was forthwith lifted and put away forever" Ti 0 salt water system has been tlu mo-nt disastrous experiment tried by tlte municipal ownershipâ€"goverred towns of England and the suggestion has been made that these towns would have been in a pretty fix had they given a twentyâ€"ï¬ve-year fran- chi:-e to a London company to sup: ply them with the blessings of “mean water harnessed to you) hand." . __+______. THE AVERAGE BABY. â€"-â€". The aVCrage baby is. a good baby â€"cheerful, smiling and bright. When he is cross and. fretful it is becaum he is unwell and he is taking thc only means he has to let everybody know he does not feel right. When baby is cross, restless and sleeplesl don't dose him with “soothing†stuffs which always contain poisons. Baby's Own Tablets are What is needed to put the little one right. Give a cross baby an occasional tablet and see how quickly he will be transformed into a bright, smil- ing, cooing, happy child. He will sleep at night, and the mother will get her rest too. You have aguarâ€" antee that Baby's OWn Tablets con- tain not one particle of opiate or harmful drug. In all the minor ail- ments from birth up to ten or twelve years there is nothing to equal the Tablets. Mrs. W. B. Anderson, Gou- iais River, Ont., says: “My little boy was very cross and fretful and we got no rest with him until we began » using Baby's OWn Tablets. Since then baby rests well and he is now a fat, healthy boy." You can get the Tablets from druggist, or they will be sent by mail at 25 cents a box by writing direct to the Dr. Williams’ Medicine 00., Brockville, Ont. LITERARY PRODUCTION. Books Printed Since the Inventioz of Printing. any Paul Otlet, the secretary of the Brussels International Bibliographi- cal Institute, estimates the num-bei of printed books since the invention of printing ‘to January, 1900, at 12,163,000 separate works. and the number of periodicals at between fif- teen and eighteen millions. For the following years Otlel adopts 200,000 as a yearly average. This seems rather high, and the fig- ures of this table, which would make 150,000 a year a good average, seem more reliable: 1430-1530 .................. 4.2.000 1530â€"1030 .................. 575,000 1030â€"1730 ................... 1,225,000 1736â€"1822 ................. 1,839,000 1822-1887 ................. 0,500,000 1887â€"1898 ................... 1,782,000 1899 ..................... 150,00! 1900 ........................... 150,000 1901 ............... 150,000 1902 .......................... 150,000 1903 ......... _..._..., ........... 150,000 Total ...................... 12,713,000 To the year 1904-, therefore, up- Ward of 12,500,000 separate works have appeared in theworld, which figures, however, include new editions and translations. In point of number of output, Ger- many and Germanâ€"Austria, collec‘ tively, yearly lead the world. Then follow France. Italy, England, 'tlu United States and the Netherlands lei-many leads the world in booll production. and the United State: |the world in the production of peri odicol literature. , . ' ._.;....____. AN lCLOQUENT PERORA'l‘ION. “And,†said the rising young poli- tician as he reached his eloquent per~ oration, “I predict that our candi- date will, whcn the votes are count- ed, be found to have ridden to sue cess upon a tidal Wave of glory that will have swept all before. it like wildâ€"fire breaking in flying spray up on the strand where the sun of vie- tory shall blaze forth its first effui- gent rays upon the close of one ‘of the most noble, mos-t nzcmorabh campaigns that have ever been launched upon the sea of politics to gather strength and carry all before it like the cyclone sweeping across the broad prairies from which ever the orb of day- has disappeared ix terror." A woman may cure her husband (1 the tobacco habit by purchasing lull And yet cigars for him< .,. n:.- l W““‘ r. “,3, “*1.WM.~:â€" .1 mmm . 4' - l . .' q ' Vv s.. ., .. ..,; v.1 _ ;_,..1._: _ .,.. -':‘.:,â€"‘ ‘ . ass-anac- cr - _ ,, , _,'v ~yt‘c