ro j.t THE PAEMEE. Diseases of Cattle. „-l n'"n iiui'-e often evince a nar- "' f view, auil a irejuc-cd even at """'"' -h ir^^f i^* thtni iioni discussing ,u^e!ui niaantr, tome vextd be public property questiona as wfcll as ei I" .»«ked •^1 hutorv 'O"-? of dvp 'ou do n,. Mt friends!" C^-rtainly •' what my ittera can't u,. ' '0 go and ' "g^ because 'a'-ural hair noat lastat, nter \al, c, â- .â- ^ledy hith. 'orvianefo, nerve pajj, ne. Buy dn:g stoti 'ggista. 5. very cheip pl;i33 condition liuf Toronto )ld method o loedto tbepub clean, withou â- s. DescriptiT H, Descript CO'lf( 108 ii;e. Lidi idiately. B. S Ifent* wanted GIVEN Bl Pitman's s] for terms ai ' St. Toronto, ». 1^^. CUN and Sydenha) 'or particulai iESTORE] K. A f enoij) nil that ^liiskera an ifely packed i Mall Buiidinj ,l,jcfi m^yj^ "xhe time has long since pass- proitfiSiOB^^j pro:e?si^nal men had a mono- tu ^*^Latter3 pertaining to their profession p«'5' "f j,q|(3 themselves above criticism by '""'°' t pe'sons outside of their class. â- °""'^b!s View of the case becomes clear " 'n-. rtaJ the remarks made in the read by veterinary surgeon at the PT" crnventim. We propose to refer t^^""'*^ g of the views of several which we " k tP te mistaken in that paper. The 'â- '".Vnr of the paptr comparts the origin of ^lifeaees under consideration to the seed- "' f a tieia with ccra, without which there \\ be CO possible growth. This is a " llv erroceooa view of the caee. Oa the "rrbacd, it wcukl have been much" more enable aod truthful to compare the ani- '^fsvbtem to atoil apparently free from "*etabie growth, but still charged with r^mant tteda ct weeds which are waiting '" some favorable conditions, seme warm ;: r and sunshine, to burst into sudden "ll vitorcustfruwth. Thi»i« the view taken by paysicians and iologis-a as r^g:.rd3 the nature of many F=y diseases ab initio. these to caiiea ewes of these dieeesjs, of jhich no apparent outside origin can be â- ted Prenol e; very gtyl jroved of b] i only by SET CO, NTO. N Terp««lf tELFASi xa apply to Hootreak ivet kiBgl ante :itiltr. Send I Co e-il. t, rhtmney Df-r Lime, Flut irid. Fire Clay, d sprlnes. xmj tire, line ne Colofi the aid of •' â- Men dilleretl kTBEAl Kxohangel' I or on mas* onto, »•"• JES, igo Boa" STONS-^ I ,. Xrl*l _2 are BUflW- VrTAMj^ Leases of » J.USBS W^ complew HjuBtratW* nships. lebecevw tie wJ*** â- 'SBatr*' germ Xcereare miny h no apparent outside origin can ;ven suspected that has relation to infectioa Tontagion. There are sufficient cases, t'offever, to warrant the b?liefs, orcertain- "f that the dormant et eds of disease which ie always present in the system, waiting rr development by favorable ccndititna, -ave beea quickened into active life by •rese exciting causes, just as the soil, ap- Mrently clear and entirely free from per- acious growth, is quickly covered with an eruption of vsr.Iure from the effect of warmth and moisture. jjid in a stmiler manner we have seen an apparently healthy and vigorous man work- jg in the 1 arveet field, remove his coat, lid, when saturated with perspiration, ait J) the shade and enioy the cool breeze, thich quickly closed the pores of the skin, urned back the current of evoporation of impure mattt r from the blood, and struck a mill to the very marrow. Within a few â- oars the man is stricken with typhoid fever which ia an infectious disease,) and Is at aevery gates of the grave or within its sld walls. This is a type of perhaps the MJority of sporadic cases of such diseases, jnd is especially true of those "germ" dis rders which are popularly termed ' mala- Hi," such as "ague," "chills." and intermit- ent or remittent fevers. Our own experi- icce in regard to animals proves the same tog. Hog cholera is produced de nova jeyond any doubt. So is splenic fever juiong cattle, and so is glanders among sorses. Bit no doubt, too, these diseases ira spread by contagion a» well. We misht argue the question in the di- :ection of the useleasness of precautionary cTgiene and sanitary measures as a method i preventing this class of disease, and of the utter helplessness of man to avoid them, iithey are always necessarily produced by ::ntagion, because the contagion virus â€" the jsnnaâ€" are indestructible by any rdinary leasures. But this is scarcely necessary. Itia not long since, as might be pointed out, the Department of Agriculture reported ait swme cholera was utterly externiinat- iiaad had disapf-eared. But yet, as usual, when the feeding season, with all its uii- waoletome conditions and environments, has 3*gun, cholera appears here and there with ::= prevailirg characteristics and results. No doubt e»cn ca'se is a centre from which ::e disease spreads, until, like the rings in i p:ol caused by the dropping of the rain :pon it, the whole surface is soon in com- lotion the disease sweeps over wide local- ities and iiiv:des every herd. It is to be regretted that the dangerous adiiiefl'ctive practice of vaccination is re- Mmmended, or rather suggested. It has sen very conclusively snown that this lertly perpetuates the disease, especially as :5?ard3 the fatal pleuropneumonia.^ and :«d3 to divert attenti( n from the indispen iible sanitary precautions which akne a avoid the exciting causes of the dis- a-es. The usefulness of these precautions is con- "Mively show n in the p/esent rarity of epi- ifmic disease s in the well drained, more :ean and wholesome cities, where formerly '•cey ran fearful riot an 1 slew thousands up a thousands of victims, whose lives were !«rifi';ed to the filth and foulness with ^hich large cities then overflowed. Sanit- fy rrecautions should be to the veterinary 'irgeon, as well as to the physician, what 3oein? and clean cultivation are to the far- mer, to destroy the seed or the germs of the jrjansmsâ€" weeds in either case â€" which lie "â- ormant in the blood in the cne and in the Mil in another; for it is abundantly clear â- sat the seeds of disease exist in the blood, *iitiDg for favorable chances to germinate, list as those of the weeds exist in the soil, iii that the diseases are not always sown '^•*r the manner in which we sow com. â€" -licajo Times. Poultryâ€" Breeds for Laying. The best breeds of fow's for laying, are â- Mse that Buit the climate in which they 'f« 'pt. It if i u oft-repeated inquiry as to 'n:ca Dreeda is most suitable, by those who •'^template poultry keeping. Such in- i^'ty can only be answered by those who f*\^ experimented with different varieties J" different locations. There is no doubt J^t the Leghorns are equal to any other rf'ro for tga production, but it does not ;°"°w that they are the most profitable "*l under all circumstances. They are j^"-ed into two classesâ€" the single, and combs- and there ij a further eubdivis- '^n, according to color. The single ccmb ij " of f )w s are subject to frozen comba "y cold weather, but when properly tov K "^^y ^^'^^^P^ *»arm. The difficalty y DC ovc-rco-ne hv 'MnV^V^intr" tbem. as is uone °^^""*^°'"e by "dubbing" them ' tnft Leghorns as IS the principal are given to the W "'^^ "^^^^^ thereby be disqualified aho^'^-'^P-tition at the fairs and poultry • A frosted comb would not be rery oti-pfir, ••""=u cumo wi 'Ct Dinfiv " ^^o^e Who only breed fowls the «lu ^^ 'â- 't for exhibition, but when liy until ,?,®=°'»*« frosted, the hen ceases to "t the injured member is completely tineg-j â- '^^^ tnay be frozsn aevaral sine fZ!*"8 the cold season, the loss of itsctof t? ^^^ production, owing to the '«Dcrt»nW*"P*"^^^re, would be quite an ' »t«m. The double comb varieties th^h^x p^ing^q^ite a^^ge surface to the the head. "=*«i«iB onmK*^u^ noticing so small a matter as the far 1".?^ "^^- ^^^ ' "'"'^Id "°* b«P^p" lar m other sections. As the Leghorn, bave their virtues and faults, so do t^ othir breeds of fowls. In raising fowls f«m„' ket. many object to the Brahmas and Co- chins on account ot their slow growth Md this objection may be a stron JTnVrf* rte owls are to be seat to market m chidw, « they do not feather until well advancedU If matured fowls are intended for shipment; the largest carcases, with fine appearance may be obtained from such breecl«. T^e Plymouth Rocks, which grow fast, and are uniform in appearance when young. aUo m.ke good market fowls when grown, but wh. e they are excellent layers, they are liable to become excessively fat when highly fed. espacially when they are confined! ?^;=1" fh«»dran.e to egg-prodnct.on Inismayalsobean objection to the Brah- mas and Cochins. The best results are de- rived from Plymouth Rocks when they hava free r n.e^ All breeds do best witn free dom, but the larger ones are more content ed under restriction. It is be.t, therefore, m select ng a breed tor laying, to lake into c' nsideration its hardiness, fitnofs for mar- ket time of maturity, adaptability to cli- mate, and disposition. By selecting that breed which possesses qualities adapting them to the conditions of the particular eec" tions of country, the best breed for laying PS well as for other purposes will be se- cured, THE CARE OF FRUIT TREES. Started Tubes.â€" If trees are transported in warm weather, especially if packed moist the buds will push, and when unpacked will be found to have white, weak shoots, sever- al inches long. The only way to save such trees is to cut back every branch to a good bud that is still dormant. Injured Trees.â€" Nursery trees when sent a long distance, may be injured by dry- ing, and when received, the t ark will be shrivelled, and the tree apparently dead. Such trees may usually be saved. Open a trench large enough to receive them, and lay in the trees, root and branch, and sprinkle in the soil among the branches, lay- ing the trees one upon another, taking care to have the soil come in contact with even the sm illest branches. The bark will grad- ually absorb moisture from the soil, and in a few days become plump and apparently as bright and as fresh as ever. Staking Newly Planted Trees.â€" In ex- posed localities, trees are apt te get a 'list" in the prevailing winds. If the trees are small and properly pruned at planting, there will be less trouble than when large trees, which must be staked. The safest way ii td drive two stakes at a little distance, npon each side of the tree, and secure the trunk to both stakes by mean? of a straw bind, or soft ropa so as not to chafe. PAiTtJRiNG THE ORCHARD. â€" It is a singu- lar fact that the orctiard is the only field that farmers, as a general thine, expect to yield more than one crop. There ia so much apparently unoccupied ground between the trees, that there iaa desire to utilize it with some crop. When the trees are in bearing, they need all the aiil. While the trees are young, a manured crop may be grown be- tween the rows. The best treatment of an established orchard is. to sow it to clover and pasture young pigs upon it. By this, the fruit, soil and pigs will be benefited. Protect the Roots. â€" In trancplantintf or handling trees, recollect that every minute of exposure to the air injures them. If a tree can not be planted at once, make a hole and bury the roots. Those who go to a near nursery and take home their own trees, should puddle them. Make a hole in the ground a foot deep and as large as needed. Have a plentiful supply of water. Pour water into the hole and stir up the soil, un- til a thin mud is formed. Draw the roots of the trees through this until they, even the smallest, are completely covered with mud; then sprinkle dry soil over them to dry them off. This "puddling" or "grouting" of the roots, as the English call it, is useful not only for trees, but for plants of all kinds. FACTS AND FIGURES. The government envelope factory at Hart- ford, Conn., uses a ton of gum a week. Forty- one counties in West Virginia pro- hibit the sale of intoxicants. It is estimated that the peanut crop of the South this year will be worth $3,000.- 000. The Peninsula peach orohards are expact- ed to yield about 5,000,000 bushels this season. There are fifty illicit distilleries and only three licensed ones in one district in Nor^h Carolina. .„ „„ New York city, it is reported, has 40,00u persons who depend on gambling for a liveli- hood. .„ ^, ., The number of cotton mills m the f oath- em state" has increased from 180, four years ago. to 315 at the present time. A recent report from the Minister of Public Instruction shows that there are 100,000 public school teachers in FraEC' The amount of gold coin and bullion now owned by the United States Government is larger by $24,000,000 than it was a year ago. and the amount of standard silver dol- lars owned by the Government u less by $8 000 000 than it was a year ago, and less bv 817 000 000 than it was six months ago, and less by $9,000,000 than it was the first of November. Detectives were posted at the doora oi six prominent concert saloons in Chicago on the same evening, with instructions to count sU the people who entered therebetween 7 pm and midnight. At one door there were counted 1.680 males and 290 femalM--total, 1 970 at inother. 1.423 males and 58 females tntaL 1 481 at another, 2,609 males and iiTJemal^-^bJ, 2.f3= «» r^^f^"^it males and 148 femalesâ€" total, 2 806 at St"er??657 males ^f 163 females-toto)^ 1820; at another, 1.591 males and 94 fen^lee-total, 1.685. It was found im^ practicable to make a separate count of the K. who entered these Pl^ o" J^^ evenire. but it wasp'ainly seen that of these lUlTialea -.(K.7 fem»I»;en.tom«r.*n iionishingly larger proportion were b^ys Sd SrlB. aid as there were at that time Sou? s'obo laloon. in the city, it wa* rra- tSJSly -timated that not 1«" *^^" SSoboysand girl- were among their pat- roiuu W«..â„¢S^GEDIES OF ^lI^AilT An Old Gnide and Haeknum of tlw Falto ..^lwan««pome or Tbem. "To think that I should have left Niagara 1*3,118 twenty years as:o after having? b^n a witness of two terrible tragedies of the Palls. Mid then upjn my first visit to them in that tune be there in the mi Jst of the excitement of the Vedder- Pearson hcrrorl" The speaker was an old man, who said his name was Androw Dilrymple, of Cam- aen. He was a passecger on the Erie Rdl- way tram, returning fram a visit to Niagara a alls, where he sa-d he was a hackman ^n n gmde for ten years. "I was greatly scrprised to see the old tree trunk still rising m the American Rap Ids, between the small islands off of Goat Island and the American shore. I guess no one remembers, when the trae lodged there but I remember it, for thirty yeais audit never entered my mind that it could bf there yet. But there it was, and as I stood on the Goat Island bridge last week and looked down at the gnarled trunk the thought of that eirly summer morning, over twenty years ago, when I was one of the first people to the Falls to discover a man clinging to the log, caine back to roe with .1 vividness that made me shudder. No one over knew how he came there cr who he w:i,8, but it was supposed that he had been rowing across the river somewhere above during the night before, aad losi/^ control of hii boat had been swept down lu- to the rapids, and the boat strib.ingthe tree trunk he had, by some miracle, g*ined a foot hold upon it. News never spread so rapidly ai that of the discovery of this man in bis pariloua situation. Word was tele- graphed at once to Buffalo, and a party of life-savers came en a special train t-) try and rescue the man. Before 10 o'clock thous- ands of people were gathered at every avail- able spot where a sight of the unfortunate man and the efforts to eave him could be ob- tained, ALL the railroads RAN SPECIAL TRAINS, and the people came in con- syances of all kind*, from the surrounding country. Noone seemed to know a^ first how to go to work, but the man clang to the tree watching every movement that was made. Ofcouise it was impoeeible to make him hear or give him any directions. ITinally, a life-boat was attached to a cable, and let down from the bridffe toward him. It was drawn toward the log by ropes attached to it and handled by men on the island. The boat was mak- ing directly for the spot, and hopes that the poor man would soon be safely drawn ashore began to be felt by the assembled multi- tude. Suddenly, however, it was caught in a whirl of the rapids, the cable parted like a kite string, and the boat rushed past the man like a flash within two feet of him. and was carried over the Falls. "After this the life savers were all at sea again. Several plans were suggested, and one was adopted which it took until late in the afternoon to get in readiness. In all these long hours of suspense I don't believe one of the spectators ever moved from his tracks. Everything else about Niagara Falls was forgotten except the terrible scene of a fellow- being hangirg on the verge of death and paciently awaiting the success or failure of the efforts thatwere being made to rescue him. "The plan adopted was to fasten a strong cable securely to the American shore, attach a staunch raft to it. csrry the loose end of the cable over to the island and let it belly down with the raft to the tree trunk. By this means it was hoped the raft could be drawn steadily to the small island between the man and Goat Island, from which no trouble was smticipated in taking him. Some food and a glass of brandy were plac- ed on the raft and ropes wsre fastened to it by which the man was to tie himself fast. The raft moved down and reached the man in safety. As he stepped upon it. lashed himself fast and then eagerly seized the re- freshments such a shout as went up from the thousands of people that had watched the proceedings with beating hearts and bated breath was never heard bef( re. it could be heard above NIAGARA. The raft was moved toward the island. Everything seemed to be working to a charm. The tension that wa? put upon the feelings of the ppsctatora was »'i great that many fainted away. I was a strong man, but 1 know I wept like a child. Suddenly the raft stopped. The cable drawn as it was beneath the water, caujrht in some ob- struction. All efforts to loosen it were un- availing. One groan of agony arose from crowd. Finally the man sprang to his feet, undid the fastenings that held him secure to the raft, aad kneeling for a moment as if in prayer, sprang into the raging water and pulled bravely for the island, but a few feet away. At first he gained visibly, and the thought that he would be saved found ut- terance in another joyful shout from the spectators. But when he was almost with- inreashofthe shore his strength began to fail, and steadily the distance between him and the shore increased. Then every one knew that all hope was gone. He made a few more desperate strokes, but the wild waters seized him and pitehing and tossing and whirling him, hurried him over the great cataract. As he reached the edge of the Falls he was thrown upward from the water until his whole length came in view standing upright, and he disappeared as if he bad made a voluntary leap over the brink. A-j he was dashed to and fro over the F,ill8 not a sound was made by one of the vast crowd, and, terrible as was the scene, not an eye was tamed away as he was carried along to his destruction. As he disappeared in the face of the cataract one heart rending shriek went up from the crowd. 1 he poor fellow's body wai never found nor his identity ever estabhshed. "The other agonizing scene that i was doomed to witness ^Y^^*^^°^!7!^L"Jnd the Falls of young Charles Addmgton ^d little Eva de Forest. That happened five or six years before the incident I have just related The Ad ding tons and De Forests w r?FOminent famib^es in Buffalo in those davs and youug Charles was encaged to be m*SeTto^Ada De Forest. Miss De Forest's Ser and her little sister Eva ac«"»P^' by young Addington and herself, came to the FalUoneday in th^ "'"Tf^ f /?^°J the day While they were on Goat Idand Ut^iri;a went away V ^-^^"^^\^ DeFoiwtsent the yo-^S ,^ -IT ^h^ He found her standing near the ""o-H^ thoughtlessly «*»« be"i°\^J^Couf^?r ina her under the arms, held her out over thi waterT She suddenly threw up her Sirs slipped through his arms mto the l!Sw He Sstantly sprang m after her Sd^chS herbefe« the swifter rapid. had ca ught her. H^ succeeded in getting AwThMkLiBWE^ungb t»«fatt«hfH»to tlmnr heron the bank, but she had not strength sitflckixbto hold-on until h«- mother could grasp her and fell back into the water. They were both carried over the falls in sight of tneir beloved ones. For years ai'tet- ward Additgcon's father visited the falls once a week, and woald sit for hours gazing at the water where they were los?. He fin- ally ceased coming, and we learn d that he had died grieving for his boy, wno was his only child. STANLEY AND THE CONGO. Tho American Xzplorer Solving Great Problems In tlie Interior of Africa â€" Hia laatest Aoblevementa. The significance of the latest news as to Mr. Stanley's doings and intentions may not be apparent to the ordinary reader without some explanation. He has, we are told, succeeded in planting a station at Stanley Falls. To those who have read the stirring narrative of his journey down the great river in 1877 this must appear a wonderful f sat. At the time of the recent visit of Mr. Johnston to the Cjngo, Bolobo, some eighty miles to the north of Stanley pool and two and a half degrees south of the equator, seems to have been the most remote sta- tion but beyond that there are now at lea^t three stations. One of these, Lukalela. IS about sixty miles to the north, and an- uthar, Equator Station, is just where the river leaves the equator in its course south- ward. The third one ia that of the founda- 'ion of which we have jast heard, at Stan- ley Falls, some five hundred miles further into the interior than the station last men- tioned. To reach this remote point Mr. Stanley must have passed through the most daugerouB part of the river, studded as are its richly wooded banks and islands with those tribes through which he and his follow- ers bad to run the gauntlet seven years ago. Beyond the equator the river expands in many places to a gr^at width, its channel is studded with innumerable islands, and its shores fringed with an almost endless series of villages, some of the iahabitauts of which were found to be armed with muskets. There is, for example, the famous village built of ivory, the " ferocious tribe " at Magala, and the "amiable people" of Babunga. Bat, above all, Mr. Stanley must have succeeded in passing safely the mouth of the great river Aruwimi, WHERE THE NAVAL BATTLE OCCURRED in February. 1877, so graphically described in his narrative and represented in his sketch. The Stanley F^lls, at which the new station has been planted, are seven catatacts. which form the first interruption to the navigi tion below Nyangwe (memor- able for the tragedy witnessed by p X)r Liv- ingston. It was between Nyangwe and the Scanley Falls that the treacherous Tibbu Tib deserted Mr. Stanley just as the expedition was entering the country of reputed canni- bals. Until Mr. S'auley furnishes ua with details of his journey up the river, we can not say how far he has been sncciesaful in winning the good will of the peopla whose villages fringe its banks. But it we may judge from his success up as far as Bjlobo, there is every reason to expect that it has not been less between that and Siunley Falls, True, we hear rumors of hostilities and rebellions, but as these come solely from French acd Portuguese sources they require confirmation, to put it mildly. It is not to be expected that Mr. Stanley has accomplished his beneficent and hazardous mission writhoat some display of force but let us hope that this has been morj pwsive than active. By the planting of tu^s last station, Mr. S^inley may be said to have crowned and completed the misnon with which he was intrusted by the king of the Belgians. Beyond the Stan'ey Falls we know that the river is navigable to neir Nyangwe, where it is still something like a mile wide. There is at least one fall to the north of Nyangwe, ani. we fear, more than one be- tweea that and Like Mocro and what now remains to be done is to trace definitely the upper course of the river ani its numerous branches, many of which are at present con- jectural. Perhaps the station at Stanley Falls may be made the basis of further ex- plorations, though it is to be hoped that tae German expedition under Dr. Wissmann will do much to comp'ete the work of Liv- ingston, Stanley, and Cameron. Meantime, Mr. Stanley himself has re- solved, before returning to Europe, to break up entirely new ground and sslve a problem for which geographers at least will be grate- ful. He intends, in fact, to do what Gen. Gordon would have done had he not, just when about to start for the Congo, be-in diverted to Khartoum. Mr. Stanley intends, we are curtly told, to reach one of the E^ptian stations in the Mombuttu country, on the Welle-Makua. One of the great pro- blema of African hydrography is the course of this Welle Makua, often referred to ai Schweinfurth's Welle. Mr. Stinley himielf was confident that the great northern tri- butary of the Congo, the Aruwimi, at the mouth of which oocnrre i the naval engage- ment referred to above, was the WeUe of Schweinfnrth, and gave what seemed to him at the time cogent re6S3ns for his belief. But within the hist four years an able Rus- sian explorer, Dr. Junker, has been at work in this region; and the latest results of his exploratious iia\'e just reached this country. He has had his headqaarter* in the Bahr- Gaz'jlle province, ruled over by Lupton Bey, and thence has male several jjurneye to the south and southwest. Noone there fore, is better entitled than he to express an opinion on the hydrography of the rugioa. He is convinced that the Welle does not belong to the Congo basin at all, but that IT FLOWS into THE SHABI, the great feeder of Ltke Chad. The Welle risrs in the hilly region of the northwest of Albert Nyanzi, where many other streams have their sourie. So far a« D.-. Junker has observed, it receives only two considerable tributaries from the north, although it is of great width and studded with Lslanda. On the south it is fed by one lar^e afSaent, the Bomokandi, which its jlf rises quite cloie to the Welle, and runs for a long way pirallel with the main river. The Bomokandi, how- ever, is fed by many tributaries from the watershed, which lies at a considerable dis- tance to the south. Tnia watershed. Dr. Junker is evidently of opinion, is that which separates the sjstem of the Cmgo from that of Vie Shan and Like Chad. Althoagh, like many other African water-partings, it is scarcely distinguishable, yet it seems to sepanto two regions of very diflfereit char- acteristics. Dr. Junker hid heard of a large rivnr, the N^Oko, to the south of this water- pa-ting and determined to visit it. This he did, and reached it after four days' travel to the south of the Bomokandi, at what he con- footaml to about the mi^idte of its course. It was almost eqaal in 8:z9 to the B^mokaadi, and had tvideutly travailed a Inj way from the east. Instead of the miny fine trees which everywhere clothe the oauks of the rivers bel mg'ng to the Welle system on the north, the N::poWo and its tribat-uries flow thioagh broad, flit swamps. A float- ing vegetation, very similar to what is met with in the N Is, pervade^ the swamps, and renders them passable for men but n t for animals. Dr. Junker concludes h's remarks by identifying the Nepoko with the Aru- wimi of Ssanley, and in another com'nunica- tioT hopt-.s to fill luce proo's •it the W -lie ia \.bo up^r lO.rcei" -iQo Sui-i. It ;S not to be expected that Mr. Stanley has heard of Dr. Junker's ducoveries. so that he ia likely to start under the impression that the Aruwimi will lead to the Welle. That is of little consequenoe. If he succeeds in tra- versing the country which lies between the Coa^o and the Mombuttu country, he will help materially to fill up a blank in the map o: Africa. One of Lupton Bay's explorers a year or two ago discovered a lirge lake far t) the west of Albert Nyarz*. across which ther J is a considerable traffic in European geKKis. Whether this lake belongs to the Congo water system or to that of Lake Chad remains to be disx)vered but it looks as if the Nepoko ran through it. We should say that Caisati. a recent Ttalian explorer in the same region, attaches the Nepoko to the Welle. The Welle region seetr.s to be thickly pD- pulated with a great variety of brok m tribes, belonging mainly to the Mombuttu stock. It is worthy of remark that, throughout these lititudes, nsither to the easl nor to tie vi est did D.-. Junker find any definite territory occupied by the dwaifish paople so often referred to uffder the name of Akka. The piople were certainly met with in many parts, but without any fixed settlement, wandering about as nnmids among the other peoples. When D*-. Jankar dispatched the letters from which we have obtained this in- formation he intended to make still another journey to the southwest. A short com- munieation from him (]a;ed O ;tober, 1SS3, states that he had then returned frjm this joirney, but would not attempt to transmit his muiy charts and ethaograp'iical collec- tions to E'lrope on account of the troubles in the Soudan. The probability is that he may take refuge in the south, where he has made many friends, and so it is not unlikely that he may meet with Mr. Stanley as the latter pursues his journey beyond the Congo. I.;; Tired Women. If you look around on the faces in a street car, the number of faded and sad-looking ountenances presenting themselves is start- ling. Mature women have especially a tired air about them, showing itself not only in pallid complexio-^s, but in the wearied lines around t'le mouth and eyes. It is impossible to asio jiate this appearance with happy lives, and yet. from dress an 1 manner, the ma- jority would seem to be comfortably placed in this world, Usually the climate is sup- pcBsd to have a great deal to do with the early fading of youthful freshness, and the beauty of health, iastea'l of reviving with the tpring of the year, usually delays until the summer holidays, followed by the crisp autumn braezBs, invigorite the human sys- tem. If the truth was known, however. I 8usp?ct that it would be found that the rea- son why women look tired is because they are perpetually fatigued. Modern methods have not eased the cares of wives and mothers, whose duties have de- veloped with the growth of scieoce and the expansion of art. When children were thrashed into obedieuce to parental com- mands, when young people understood that to hear was to obey, when husbands only expected their regular three meals a day and men led and clean clothing, the duties of women were very much simpler thaa at the prejent time. In those happy days, when to eat, sleep and work was the whole duty of man, ana the interests of posterity a aide issue, the mistres:! of tiie household might, after her work was doae. eat and sleep, too. At least, she had a chance to work when husband ani children we e engaged in busi- ness or in scho.l for long aours of the day. In those days, rain or sunshine were the same, life moved in a groove, and there was a probability of thing) running smoothly. Ia those days people ate what was set be- fore them, because there was not much variety to b? had and they were not always developing new ideas in the way of o jcupa- tions and diversions that upset the regular routine of a household. Perhaps it was mo- notonous, but it was restful for the house- keepers. In the great upheaval of mind which has of late years set each individual soul on the search for that good living which the world is supposed to owe it, whether the quest is centinned in the directio i of bus:n3si pi a- sure, science, art or reiigfoa, it is the wife aad mother who is expected to be the instru- ment of Providence in providing the means and forwarding the success of the s ;ekers, and nobody thinks of a'l the extra burden this throws upon her â€" the striin on her sym- pathy, the tax on her bodily strength. From the child who wants a play made for him to the husband who wants to talk over his affairs with her, it is one long intermediate chain of littl s ssrvices which are expected from her. That she has personal tastes or inclinatioos is never taken into account. She has no time left for her own use, bat is actually at the beck and call of all belong- ing to her fr jm early morning until late at night. it is a curious fact in connection with the nineteenth century, that few people are self- reliant, and'Still fewer can ocempy themselve agreeably without aid. (Like the Turk, they want somebody to amuse them. With the additional burden of seeing that the mem- bers of a family are amu^ied, as well as their maternal wants provided f jr, it is no wonder that -wives aad mothers look tired. No doubt men feel the fadgue of the constant drive that is requisite to keep up with the gensral stride, but they have a paculiar faculty of being able to take a rest, even in the midst of turmoiL Women, unfortunate- ly, from long exp3rience m being overdriven, get into that state where they cannot re- pose, even when the opportunity offeri. This is a state of nervous expectatioo, brought about by the knowledge that there will ue something to do in a minute, even if thare is nothing calling for attention just nov. In France there are now 4,475 miles of navigable rivers and 2,900 of canals, while in 1852 there were only 4,190 miles of river nivigab:e end 2,440 miles of canal. U'lH Ii